Abstract：
BACKGROUND:A dearth of laboratory tests to study actual human approach-avoidance behavior has complicated translational research on anxiety. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) is the gold standard to assess approach-avoidance behavior in rodents. METHODS:Here, we translated the EPM to humans using mixed reality through a combination of virtual and real-world elements. In two validation studies, we observed participants' anxiety on a behavioral, physiological, and subjective level. RESULTS:Participants reported higher anxiety on open arms, avoided open arms, and showed an activation of endogenous stress systems. Participants' with high anxiety exhibited higher avoidance. Moreover, open arm avoidance was moderately predicted by participants' acrophobia and sensation seeking, with opposing influences. In a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled experiment, GABAergic stimulation decreased avoidance of open arms while alpha-2-adrenergic antagonism increased avoidance. CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate cross-species validity of open arm avoidance as a translational measure of anxiety. We thus introduce the first ecologically valid assay to track actual human approach-avoidance behavior under laboratory conditions.
journal_name
BMC Bioljournal_title
BMC biologyauthors
Biedermann SV,Biedermann DG,Wenzlaff F,Kurjak T,Nouri S,Auer MK,Wiedemann K,Briken P,Haaker J,Lonsdorf TB,Fuss Jdoi
10.1186/s12915-017-0463-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-21 00:00:00pages
125issue
1issn
1741-7007pii
10.1186/s12915-017-0463-6journal_volume
15pub_type
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