Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To investigate the associations of major and subthreshold depression with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality, and the extent to which health behaviour, medical comorbidity and functional disability explained the associations. METHODS:A cohort of 1070 persons aged ≥60 with Geriatric Mental State (GMS) diagnoses of major and subthreshold depression, and data on health behaviour (smoking, alcohol, physical activity) and physical comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic pulmonary disease, multi-comorbidity and activity of daily living disability) at baseline (15 Feb 2003 - 30 Mar 2004) were followed up on mortality from 1 Jan 2005 to 31 Dec 2012. RESULTS:Major and subthreshold depression was present in 5.1% and 9.9% of the participants at baseline. The all-cause mortality HR adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and marital status was 1.73 (95% CI, 1.11-2.67) for major depression and 1.38 (95% CI, 0.96-1.97) for subthreshold depression. In hierarchical models, the addition of health behaviour and especially physical comorbidity substantially reduced the HR estimates for all-cause mortality associated with major depression (HR=1.39, 95% CI, 0.89-2.18) and subthreshold depression (HR=0.94, 95% CI, 0.64-1.37). Controlling for the effects of all variables, only major depression was significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality (HR=2.10, 95% CI, 1.07-4.11). CONCLUSIONS:Both major and subthreshold depression were associated with increased mortality, largely due to hazardous behaviours and physical comorbidity. Only major depression per se was independently associated with excess cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality.
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
Ho CSh,Jin A,Nyunt MS,Feng L,Ng TPdoi
10.1080/00325481.2016.1221319subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-01 00:00:00pages
642-7issue
7eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
128pub_type
杂志文章abstract::By being aware of which patients are at high risk for ingestion or insertion of foreign bodies, physicians can be on the lookout for objects in the gastrointestinal tract and ready to institute initial care. Esophageal foreign bodies and other objects that increase the chance of perforation or obstruction may require ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701481
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epileptiform seizures occurred in a 34-year-old woman who was receiving amitriptyline and lithium carbonate therapy for treatment of endogenous depression. While receiving amitriptyline maintenance therapy, she was given lithium on two separate occasions, and despite serum levels of lithium in the therapeutic range, g...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715252
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fact that atopic dermatitis is such a common medical problem underlies the need for better understanding of the basic disease processes and the development of new therapeutic approaches. Infection is now recognized as an important exacerbating factor, and the role of inflammatory and immunologic mediators is recei...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1984.11698671
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A concerted national effort has reduced cardiovascular mortality rates in the general US population. Unfortunately, not all ethnic groups have benefited equally from these improvements in our national health. The author presents insights into social and clinical factors that affect cardiovascular disease among Hispani...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701252
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flooding of the lungs occurs routinely in drowning victims. The cause of death in 90% of them is hypoxemia caused by water in the lungs. Mouth-to-mouth ventilation is ineffective until the water is removed. The Heimlich maneuver expels aspirated water, vomitus, debris, and other foreign matter. In treating near-drowni...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700363
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The compatibility of a medication with other drugs and implanted materials is an important factor impacting drug safety and efficacy. The liposomal formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine is designed to provide prolonged postsurgical analgesia. Its compatibility with other drugs and materials depends on the co...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.01.2733
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnostic paracentesis with ascitic fluid analysis is critical to the accurate diagnosis and management of ascites. Recent advances have improved the evaluation of ascitic fluid, among them the serum-ascites albumin difference for discriminating between ascites caused by liver disease and ascites due to malignancy. T...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700315
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Not since the early 1950s has the number of new cases of syphilis been as high as it is now. The infectious agent, Treponema pallidum, is extremely difficult to culture in vitro and almost impossible to see by conventional light microscopy. A nonspecific antibody test is used for screening and a specific treponemal an...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11704578
更新日期:1990-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Captopril (Capoten) and minoxidil (Loniten) have recently become generally available for treatment of hypertension, and calcium channel blockers, although not yet officially approved for this indication, clearly have potential as antihypertensive agents. Captopril, the only available inhibitor of angiotensin-convertin...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11698326
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fear of the needle is a real issue with some patients and may be an obstacle to inducing anesthesia before minor surgical procedures are performed. Adults may express this fear verbally or, out of embarrassment, even avoid coming to the physician's office. Children may become intensely anxious and hysterical. In this ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1991.11700843
更新日期:1991-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Persistent hoarseness in a patient should always alert the physician to the possibility of laryngeal carcinoma. Prompt visualization of the larynx is essential, particularly in high-risk patients over 40 years of age without a history of upper respiratory infection. Mirror examination (indirect laryngoscopy) is the us...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1980.11715452
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Western world, diabetes is the biggest cause of peripheral neuropathy, usually distal symmetric polyneuropathy but some times another polyneuropathy or a focal neuropathy. In addition, hypothyroidism and acromegaly can cause carpal tunnel syndrome and other sensory complaints. A complete blood cell count, nerve...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1997.09.318
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron deficiency occurs when the body's iron stores are exhausted. The source of blood loss leading to iron deficiency must be identified in all cases. Anemia of chronic disease generally results from an infectious, inflammatory, or malignant process. However, in some reported cases, no such process could be identified...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701469
更新日期:1992-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The esophageal obturator airway is a relatively new addition to equipment for emergency resuscitation. It is simple to use after minimal training and can be inserted quickly without laryngoscopic visualization. Problems are uncommon. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1980.11715374
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many new, minimally invasive interventional radiology procedures are now viable alternatives to traditional invasive therapy. The radiology procedures can often be performed in the outpatient setting, and although expensive technology may be required, the overall cost to the patient may be lower in the long run. Endov...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2001.06.958
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: To understand the role of ophthalmoscopic examination (dilated retina examination and widefield fundus photography) in the diagnosis and management of nosocomial acquisition of Mycobacterium chimaera following open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass utilizing a heater-cooler unit, an entity that is ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1697545
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many medical conditions that clearly have a strong genetic component are not transmitted in a straightforward dominant, recessive, or X-linked pattern. Recent progress in understanding other modes of inheritance, such as imprinting, trinucleotide repeat expansion, mitochondrial inheritance, and mosaicism, has allowed ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2000.09.1.1210
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians believe that infants, children, and adolescents benefit from having a medical home, characterized by accessible, continuous, comprehensive, family-centered, coordinated, compassionate, and culturally effective care. Several st...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.03.2126
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knee and elbow injuries are seen frequently by the primary care physician and require prompt and careful treatment in order to prevent infection, preserve joint function, and avoid scarring. A thorough history and physical examination help to rule out more significant damage to the related joint, nerves, or tendons. I...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11700678
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients presenting with typical signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis may respond to avoidance of allergens and to medications for symptomatic relief. Treatment may include antihistamines, decongestants, cromolyn sodium, and/or topical nasal steroids. Patients whose symptoms are refractory to these therapeutic meas...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699668
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contrary to long-standing mores, what goes on in the person's home is not always sacred. When family relationships break down and family members deal violently with various stresses and problems, intervention is in order. Certain changes in societal attitudes would help prevent the problem. Physicians-alone or working...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1982.11716255
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Providing medical care for patients with mental disabilities may be challenging and financially unappealing because of the need for extra time and effort. Nonetheless, primary care physicians can meet the medical needs of these patients and benefit from working with a team approach that fosters open communication and ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.1999.11.776
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preview The risks associated with diagnostic cardiac catheterization have declined through the years, but the question remains as to which patients should be referred for the procedure. In this article, Drs Walder and Schaller examine present guidelines for different types of heart disease and also review qualificatio...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1995.11945967
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Naloxone is indicated for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression. The objective of this study is to evaluate patterns of naloxone use in hospitalized patients. METHODS:Retrospective chart review at the University of California, San Diego Health. Subjects included adults ≥18 years old who were adm...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2017.1263139
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As understanding of the natural history of breast cancer has increased, radical mastectomy has given way to a preference for breast-sparing surgery and greater reliance on radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Probably the most important factor for selection of treatment is consultation with a multidisciplinary team ski...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11704444
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 29-year-old man had a febrile illness accompanied by chest pain and tachycardia. The ECG suggested either myocarditis or acute ischemia. Heart muscle enzymes were normal, the peripheral blood count showed absolute and relative lymphocytosis, and an echocardiogram disclosed a small pericardial effusion. After deferve...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11700655
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Migraine is a common hereditary disorder manifested by episodic headache, irritability, and gastrointestinal upset. The condition may be triggered by dietary, environmental, psychological, or pharmacologic factors. With proper diagnosis and judicious use of abortive and prophylactic therapy, patients often obtain exce...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699870
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal peripartum complications continue to be a significant problem in the United States, even among previously healthy women. The problems include peripartum bleeding, infection, hypertension, and thromboembolic disease. Primary care physicians are often called upon to treat these conditions. An awareness of the a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preview Practical assessment of the functional and support factors affecting quality of life in older patients should be an integral part of medical management. This approach allows physicians to focus on remediable problems that compromise patients' daily functioning and may hinder them from living independently. In ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1996.11946120
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::GRATEFUL MED is a computer program for searching the medical literature, designed with the novice in mind. It contains an extensive list of medical subject headings, so the user does not have to page through an index of key words before starting the search. Because of its efficiency and ease of operation, the program ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700124
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00