Primary localized breast cancer. Treatment options and informed choices.

abstract：:Stroke is the most feared complication among patients with atrial fibrillation. Oral anticoagulation therapy with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) has been the gold standard for stroke prevention for the past 60 years. However, VKA therapy has many downsides, including risk for bleeding, a narrow therapeutic window, and t...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Truffa AA,Lopes RD,Newby LK

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute cardiac events involving coronary symptoms, elevated enzyme levels, and electrocardiographic changes without the development of Q waves often result in higher rates of reinfarction and unstable angina than do more severe myocardial infarctions. The incidence of these non-Q wave events is on the rise, possibly be...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Tamberella MR 3rd,Warner JG Jr

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thrombosis results from the dynamic interaction of venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury. Protection against thrombosis may be lost if there is deficiency of any of the factors that mediate platelet deaggregation, block fibrin deposition, or initiate fibrinolysis. A thrombus lodged in the pulmonary...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Giudice JC,Komansky HJ,Gordon R

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traveler's diarrhea affects a substantial number of travelers to high-risk areas of the world. The key to controlling this troublesome disease is prevention. The most important preventive measures depend on educating patients to consume only safe foods and pure water. Physicians cannot overemphasize the importance of ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Strum WB

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral neuropathy may be a minor, even unrecognized, clinical problem, or it may be severe and virtually disabling. As in any chronic disorder, the physician's role is to look for treatable disease and to teach patients about the symptoms and natural history of the dysfunction as well as methods for coping with i...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Riley TL,Massey EW

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Careful attention to the practical aspects of oral anticoagulant therapy can improve patient compliance and lessen the risk of bleeding complications. A variety of risk factors for bleeding associated with oral anticoagulant therapy have been defined and should be assessed before initiating therapy. Recent investigati...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Brigden ML

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Minor burns are common but require early and appropriate care to avoid infection and scarring. Damage can be arrested by immersing the burn in cold water as soon as possible. The goals of care are then to remove dead tissue and protect viable tissue during healing. Very superficial burns require only application of an...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Phillips LG,Robson MC,Heggers JP

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is currently a worldwide epidemic, and will likely only increase in prevalence in the coming years. The incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) seems to be paralleling obesity. The MetS is strongly linked to insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Boppidi H,Daram SR

更新日期：2008-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Parents of a child who is diagnosed as defective face a crisis for which they are usually unprepared. They need an opportunity to work through their intense feelings. In addition, they need specific information about how to be of use to their child. Self-help groups composed of parents of children with a similar handi...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Vernon M

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thymomas may be discovered during routine evaluation, through reported symptoms, or increasingly, during evaluation for myasthenia gravis. Histologic details of these tumors have little bearing on prognosis or evaluation of malignant potential. Malignancy is determined by evidence of invasion through the tumor capsule...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Cohen DJ

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In most cases, the cause of facial paralysis can be determined on the basis of the clinical evaluation, and expensive diagnostic tests can be avoided. Because Bell's palsy is not always the cause, physicians need to be able to identify critical findings on history and physical examination that indicate an alternative ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Ruckenstein MJ

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Performing office surgery well is an art. You can accomplish this by being attentive to several factors. These include, but are not limited to, providing an office environment that is pleasant, restful, and happy; using proper lighting, instruments, and suture techniques; using gentle techniques for local infiltration...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Clavin HD

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapy for osteomyelitis requires a multidisciplinary approach. A precise microbiologic diagnosis and adequate debridement of necrotic tissue are essential. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis usually responds to antimicrobial therapy. The presence of an abscess or a metaphyseal cavity in hematogenous osteomyelitis and ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Bamberger DM

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beta-blockers (beta-blockers) have demonstrated their value across the cardiovascular disease spectrum. Beta-blockers effectively lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension and provide symptomatic or mortality benefits in patients with heart failure and in post-myocardial infarction patients. However, despite ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Kountz DS

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bulimia nervosa is a common eating disorder among women. Sociocultural and interpersonal pressures are thought to be highly influential in the development of the syndrome. An association with depression has also been suggested. Recognizing bulimia nervosa is usually difficult, because patients are hesitant to reveal t...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Fitzgerald BA,Wright JH,Atala KD

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:The goal of this study was to identify opportunities among gastroenterologists and gastroenterology nurse practitioners (NPs)/physician assistants (PAs) for continuing medical education (CME) related to functional constipation. METHODS:An online, case-vignette survey was designed to identify and quantify pr...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Barnes J,Coleman B,Hwang S,Stolic A,Bousvaros A,Nurko S,Salinas GD

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some patients with severe and chronic pain fail to obtain adequate pain relief with standard pharmacologic treatment agents, including low to moderate dosages of opioids. Understandably, physicians might not believe patients who claim that a standard opioid dosage is an ineffective treatment. These patients may be sev...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Tennant F

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite cervical cancer being considered a preventable disease, it still remains the second most common malignancy in women worldwide, with a higher incidence in underdeveloped countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the causative agent of cervical cancer. The major mechanisms through which HPV contributes...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Subramanya D,Grivas PD

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:External otitis is directly related to patient habit patterns. It is easily treated, but the habits must be changed to effect permanent cure. Serous otitis media is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss, and its presence my predispose to development of purulent otitis media. Removal of middle ear fluid may ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Keim RJ

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent increases in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, along with the aging of the US population, are driving a dramatic rise in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite this increase, the majority of Americans with early-stage CKD remain unaware of their disease. Primary care physicians are at the fo...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Coritsidis GN,Linden E,Stern AS

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease has been found to be genetically transmitted. Structural changes in the disease include loss of neurons, specifically cholinergic and perhaps noradrenergic neurons. Functional connections among neurons are also lost. No cause has yet been determined, but slow viruses, autoimmune processes, and alum...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Schmidt G

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Contrary to popular belief, hypoglycemia is an infrequently encountered condition and its presence is questionable until confirmed by appropriate tests. In ambulatory patients, blood glucose levels obtained during intake of a normal diet are more reliable than those obtained during a glucose tolerance test. If the blo...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： McFarland KF,Baker C,Ferguson SD

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abdominal aortic aneurysms are believed to result from several factors, one probably being inflammation that leads to dilatation, plaque deposition, and degeneration of the arterial wall. Most of these aneurysms are asymptomatic, but abdominal or back pain, shock, and a pulsatile abdominal mass indicate rupture. Initi...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Gorski Y,Ricotta JJ

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread all over the globe from China. Pleural involvement is not common; around 5-10% of patients can develop pleural effusion and little is known about the involvement of pleural str...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Bennett D,Franchi F,De Vita E,Mazzei MA,Volterrani L,Disanto MG,Garosi G,Guarnieri A,Cusi MG,Bargagli E,Scolletta S,Valente S,Gusinu R,Frediani B

更新日期：2020-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-assessment case studies illustrating prudent selection of antimicrobial agents in septic shock following urinary catheterization, bacteremia and skin lesions in an immunocompromised patient, and endocarditis in a patient with a prosthetic heart valve. ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Rahal JJ Jr,Simberkoff MS

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cause, depth, and location of a laceration are major determining factors in its treatment. In all cases, the wound must be completely cleansed with irrigation under pressure and then examined radiographically if necessary and debrided. Successful repair depends on understanding and using the principles of wound he...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Phillips LG,Heggers JP

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prompt and accurate diagnosis of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is of outmost importance as delays in identifying this clinical entity have detrimental effects on both morbidity and mortality. Initial noninvasive assessment of these patients has traditionally incl...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Vargas PE,Lopez-Candales A

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistent hoarseness in a patient should always alert the physician to the possibility of laryngeal carcinoma. Prompt visualization of the larynx is essential, particularly in high-risk patients over 40 years of age without a history of upper respiratory infection. Mirror examination (indirect laryngoscopy) is the us...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Johnson JT,Newman RK,Olson JE

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:There is a need to identify safe and effective opioid-sparing multimodal alternative treatment strategies and approaches, including topical analgesics, for opioid-experienced chronic pain patients to mitigate the risk of addiction, misuse, and abuse of opioids. METHODS:This subset analysis from a prospective...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Gudin JA,Brennan MJ,Harris ED,Hurwitz PL,Dietze DT,Strader JD

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to sinus and dental abnormalities and stress, several different neurologic conditions can cause facial pain. These include various neuroalgias (trigeminal, vagoglosso-pharyngeal, cranial), carotodynia, and optic neuritis. Pain characteristics and results of specific neurologic tests establish the diagnosis...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Mandel S

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00