Abstract：
:In the prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems, a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) assembles with multiple or single Cas proteins to form crRNA ribonucleoprotein (crRNP) effector complexes, responsible for the destruction of invading genetic elements. Although the mechanisms of target recognition and cleavage by the crRNP effectors are quite diverse among the different types of CRISPR-Cas systems, the basic action principles of these crRNA-guided effector nucleases are highly conserved. In all of the crRNP effectors, the repeat-derived invariant and spacer-derived variable segments of the crRNA are recognized by the Cas protein(s) in sequence-dependent and sequence-independent manners, respectively, with the spacer-derived guide segment available for base pairing with target nucleic acids. Over the past few years, intensive studies have provided an atomic view of the crRNA-guided target interference mechanisms in different types of CRISPR-Cas systems. Here, we review the recent progress toward structural and mechanistic understanding of the diverse crRNP effector nucleases.
journal_name
Curr Opin Struct Bioljournal_title
Current opinion in structural biologyauthors
Nishimasu H,Nureki Odoi
10.1016/j.sbi.2016.11.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-04-01 00:00:00pages
68-78eissn
0959-440Xissn
1879-033Xpii
S0959-440X(16)30198-1journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Recent advances in ab initio direct methods have enabled the solution of crystal structures of small proteins from native X-ray data alone, that is, without the use of fragments of known structure or the need to prepare heavy-atom or selenomethionine derivatives, provided that the data are available to atomic resoluti...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(99)00020-2
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the crystal structures of lectins determined recently, three--snowdrop lectin, jacalin and amaranthin--represent new lectin families. Their polypeptide folds share remarkably similar features and consist exclusively of beta structure. Autonomously folded beta-sheet subdomains, inter-related by a pseudothreefold ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80071-1
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2-Oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductases (OFORs) are essential enzymes in microbial one-carbon metabolism. They use thiamine pyrophosphate to reversibly cleave carbon-carbon bonds, generating low potential (∼-500mV) electrons. Crystallographic analysis of a recently discovered OFOR, an oxalate oxidoreductase (OOR), has pr...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.011
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial transcription initiation is controlled by sigma factors, the RNA polymerase (RNAP) subunits responsive for promoter specificity. While the primary sigma factor ensures the bulk of transcription during growth, a major strategy used by bacteria to regulate gene expression consists of modifying the RNAP promote...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2015.01.006
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structure-specific DNA nucleases play important roles in various DNA transactions such as DNA replication, repair and recombination. These enzymes recognize loops and branched DNA structures. Recent structural studies have provided detailed insights into the functions of these enzymes. Structures of Holliday junction ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.01.009
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Newly synthesized proteins leave the ribosome through a narrow tunnel in the large subunit. During ongoing synthesis, nascent protein chains are particularly sensitive to aggregation and degradation because they emerge from the ribosome in an unfolded state. In bacteria, the first protein to interact with nascent chai...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2005.03.005
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has emerged as an enabling integrative technique for comprehensive analyses of macromolecular structures and interactions in solution. Over the past two decades, SAXS has become a mainstay of the structural biologist's toolbox, supplying multiplexed measurements of molecular shape a...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.04.004
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a versatile technique to elucidate functionally important protein-ligand interactions in lipid membranes. Here, we review recent solid-state NMR studies of membrane protein interactions with cholesterol, lipids, transported substrates, and peptide ligands. The...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.02.002
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribosome recycling usually occurs after canonical termination triggered by a stop codon. Additionally, ribosomes that are stalled by aberrant mRNAs need to be recognized and subsequently recycled. In eukaryotes and archaea, the factors involved in canonical termination and ribosome rescue are structurally and function...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2012.08.002
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aromatic polyketides are secondary metabolites that afford some of the most common antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs currently in clinical use. Not least because of their medical importance, the biosynthesis of these compounds has attracted considerable interest during the past few years; important advances have been ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2005.10.002
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Centrioles are microtubule-based structures in eukaryotic cells. From organizing the microtubule cytoskeleton during interphase to focusing the mitotic spindle during mitosis, centrioles are busy at all stages of the cell cycle. One crucial interphase function of centrioles is to assemble cilia, microtubular projectio...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2020.09.006
更新日期：2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, advances have been made in methods and applications that integrate electron microscopy density maps and comparative modeling to produce atomic structures of macromolecular assemblies. Electron microscopy can benefit from comparative modeling through the fitting of comparative models into electron microscopy ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.001
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allostery plays important roles in many biological processes. Although all non-fibrous proteins may be allosteric, currently only a limited number of allosteric proteins are known. How allosteric regulation depends on protein topology and what are the preferred folds in allosteric proteins need to be explored. Alloste...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2020.01.011
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a result of the recent enormous technological progress, experimental structure determination has become an integral part of the development of drugs against disease-related target proteins. The post-translational modification of proteins is an important regulatory process in living organisms; one such example is ly...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.10.014
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:If protein structure prediction methods are to make any impact on the impending onerous task of analyzing the large numbers of unknown protein sequences generated by the ongoing genome-sequencing projects, it is vital that they make the difficult transition from computational 'gedankenexperiments' to practical softwar...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80055-3
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein engineering strategies for increasing stability can be improved by replacing random mutagenesis and high-throughput screening by approaches that include bioinformatics and computational design. Mutations can be focused on regions in the structure that are most flexible and involved in the early steps of therma...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.04.008
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crystallographic studies of a number of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and their complexes with ATP, amino acid and cognate tRNA are leading to an increasingly detailed picture of how these sophisticated enzymes function. Within the two distinct structural classes of ten synthetases, many common features are apparent, alt...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80161-3
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purification from a source enriched in large macromolecular machines with basic cellular function is still the method of choice in many cases. Such complexes occur in sufficiently high copy numbers in the cell and can be isolated using classical protein purification protocols. Although advanced DNA recombinant technol...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.01.005
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 'Fold Approach' involves a detailed analysis of the folding of several topologically, structurally and/or evolutionarily related proteins. Such studies can reveal determinants of the folding mechanism beyond the gross topology, and can dissect the residues required for folding from those required for stability or ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2012.11.009
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zinc finger proteins are among the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic genomes. Their functions are extraordinarily diverse and include DNA recognition, RNA packaging, transcriptional activation, regulation of apoptosis, protein folding and assembly, and lipid binding. Zinc finger structures are as diverse as their f...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00167-6
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2D-IR spectroscopy has matured to a powerful technique to study the structure and dynamics of peptides, but its extension to larger proteins is still in its infancy, the major limitations being sensitivity and selectivity. Site-selective information requires measuring single vibrational probes at sub-millimolar concen...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2015.03.012
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its debut in the mid 1970s, electron crystallography has been a valuable alternative in the structure determination of biological macromolecules. Its reliance on single-layered or double-layered two-dimensionally ordered arrays and the ability to obtain structural information from small and disordered crystals m...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2012.03.006
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging of nucleic acids include the visualization of DNA and RNA incorporated into devices and patterns, and into structures based on their sequences or sequence recognition. AFM imaging of nuclear structures has contributed to advances in telomere research and to our ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2004.05.005
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:You want to know how proteins do it? Take a walk in protein fold space. More often than not you will get a clue if not the answer. If you know what you are looking for and how to find it. In fact, there is more information than we can presently handle. Charting fold space and chasing its creatures has occupied us for ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2009.03.010
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein scientists are paving the way to a new phase in protein design and engineering. Approaches and methods are being developed that could allow the design of proteins beyond the confines of natural protein structures. This possibility of designing entirely new proteins opens new questions: What do we build? How do...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2015.05.009
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assembly line polyketide synthases (PKSs) are remarkable biosynthetic machines with considerable potential for structure-based engineering. Several types of protein-protein interactions, both within and between PKS modules, play important roles in the catalytic cycle of a multimodular PKS. Additionally, vectorial bios...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.009
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although intermediates have long been recognised as fascinating species that form during the folding of large proteins, the role that intermediates play in the folding of small, single-domain proteins has been widely debated. Recent discoveries using new, sensitive methods of detection and studies combining simulation...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2007.01.003
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by mRNAs into protein chains with high fidelity. Truncated mRNAs lacking a stop codon will cause the synthesis of incomplete peptide chains and stall translating ribosomes. In bacteria, a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of tmRNA, a molecule that combines the functions...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2004.01.010
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) is used to determine structures of biological molecules, including multi-protein complexes. Maps at better than 3.0Å resolution are relatively straightforward to interpret since atomic models of proteins and nucleic acids can be built directly. Still, these resolutions are often diffi...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.06.009
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigating the in vitro refolding of proteins that naturally reside in biological membranes is a notoriously difficult task. Biophysical studies on model systems are beginning to provide a sound physical basis for membrane protein folding that should help to alleviate this problem. Highlights of these studies inclu...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(99)80015-3
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
