Abstract：
:This study compared 6 weeks of incline treadmill interval training (INC) performed on a 10% treadmill grade using either sprint-like efforts or slower, longer bouts. 24 individuals were randomly assigned between 2 groups that each completed 2 INC and one 30-min level-grade sessions∙wk-1. Training intensities, bout durations and the number of intervals per INC session were the velocity associated with VO2max (Vmax), 30 s and 10-14 (INCShort n=12), and 68%Vmax, ~3 min and 4-6 (INCLong n=12), respectively. All 30-min sessions were at 65%Vmax. Pre- and post-testing assessed VO2max; lactate threshold (VLT); running economy; and time-to-exhaustion at various conditions including 80%Vmax and 20% grade (CFMod). Both groups improved significantly in all tests; additionally, INCShort improved significantly more so in VLT and CFMod despite INCLong performing more than 2 times the running each INC session (P<0.05). Mean effect size (ES) of the relative improvement in a majority of tests revealed a trivial to very large ES of INCShort vs. INCLong training (ES range: 0.05-4.05). We conclude sprint-like INC better than slower, longer INC at improving a key determinant of distance running performance (VLT), and better at preparing individuals for running on courses with a variety of grades.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Ferley DD,Hopper DT,Vukovich MDdoi
10.1055/s-0042-109539subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-11-01 00:00:00pages
958-965issue
12eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:Spatio-temporal, metabolic and psychometric responses during and after a 400-m freestyle swim trial were investigated for gender and skill-level effects. Thirty-four men and women, 18 national and international competitors and 16 recreational swimmers, were compared. Mean speed, stroke rate (SR), and stroke length (SL...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-924208
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural immunity, including that of the natural killer (NK) cells, is strongly influenced by physical exercise, but the physiological significance of the reported changes in NK cells after exercise training is as yet unclear. The exercise effect is likely mediated by interactions between the central nervous and endocr...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1055/s-2000-1447
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because previous researchers have reported a reduced lactic acid production that accompanies a delayed or an absent ventilatory threshold (VTh) in water-based exercise, we hypothesized that the metaboreflex, activated by muscle acidosis, might be absent in fin swimming. This motor response, delaying the occurrence of ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0030-1251993
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:500 and 69 male former elite athletes and 319 male controls completed a health questionnaire in 1985 and in 1995. Register data on the subjects were also collected. Subjects were aged 65 years or less and had no history of hypertension in 1985, and they had been healthy at the age of 20 years. The athletes were groupe...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2002-23176
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nutrition of 57 native Bolivian boys living at high altitude (HA) in La Paz (+/- 4000 m) and of 63 boys living at low altitude (LA) in St. Cruz (+/- 400 m) is described. The dietary information was obtained with a 24-h recall method, by interviewing the child and mother. The food items are listed in household meas...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021121
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing exercise intensities will induce an increase in glycolytic flux. High glycolytic activity is associated with reduced fat oxidation rates and increased accumulation of lactate. Both lactate and hydrogen ions have been shown to be directly related to the decreased fat oxidation rates. The aim of the present s...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2003-45231
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility of time at or above 90 % (t (90 % )VO (2max)) and 95 % (t (95 % )VO (2max)) maximal oxygen uptake during an intermittent treadmill run to exhaustion. Twenty-two distance runners (age 38.0 +/- 7.1 yrs) performed two identical incremental and two identical i...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-923856
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of this study were: to compare energy expenditure (EE) estimated from the existing GT3X accelerometer equations and EE measured with indirect calorimetry; to define new equations for EE estimation with the GT3X in youth, adults and older people; and to define GT3X vector magnitude (VM) cut points allowing to ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1337945
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The indirect identification of doping in sports can be performed by assessing athletes' hematological perturbations from the analysis of blood collected on different occasions. Because prosecution for doping based on this information requires expensive and time-consuming interpretation of blood analysis results by var...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1019-7774
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:To define the respective roles of the periphery and central oxygen transport in the exercise limitation of heart transplanted patients (HTR), we compared 11 HTR (15.1 +/- 10.8 months after transplantation) to six age and weight matched normal controls (C), during an incremental exercise test (30 W/3 min step...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972847
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the effects of marine phytoplankton supplementation on 1) perceived recovery and ground reaction forces in humans following a non-functional overreaching resistance-training program and 2) myogenic molecular markers associated with muscle cell recovery in a rat model. In the human trial, a 5-we...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1320-1061
更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the hypothesis that more severe damage, caused by controlled lengthening (L) contractions, results in greater myofiber hypertrophy compared to increase in fiber size followed shortening (S) contractions, tibialis anterior muscles of anesthesized male Wistar rats were subjected to 240 either L or S contraction...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2000-8869
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effects of a pre-experimental period of arm exercise followed by a 24-h carbohydrate (CHO)-poor intake, intended to reduce initial hepatic glycogen levels, on substrate and endocrine responses during prolonged CHO-loaded leg exercise. Seven subjects pedaled a cycle ergometer for 60 min at 62% V...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025897
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Training effects on peak oxygen consumption (VO2), specific to the mode of movement, are well-known in exercise training of young, healthy adults. However, these specific training effects were never studied in patients with coronary artery disease, but may be important in the evaluation of training effects of cardiac ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2007-971930
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine whether the amplitude of the V˙O (2) slow component was dependent from Critical Power (CP; the slope of the linear time - distance relationship) in individuals matched for V˙O (2) peak. 30 moderately-trained endurance athletes completed a maximal graded exercise test, 2 randomly ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1275358
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vigorous and prolonged physical exercise and mechanical involvement of the perineal region might influence prostatic function and measurement of both total (PSA) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), decreasing the diagnostic efficiency of the laboratory screening for either benign or neoplastic prostate disorder...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2004-830450
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine measures of total and regional body composition using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in NCAA Division I collegiate equestrian athletes, 31 female collegiate equestrian athletes were matched to a population of normal controls by age and body mass index. Total and regional fat tissue mass (FM), lean tissue m...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0863-4607
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested in previous studies that the difference in endurance performance between males and females is related to gender-specific differences in cardiac function. Other studies have not equated males and females for physical condition, and this may have contributed to the findings. The purpose of this stu...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024696
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between heart rate variability (HRV) changes and both training variations and performances in elite swimmers. A secondary purpose was to measure catecholamine urinary excretion in elite swimmers to validate the HRV indices of sympathetic activity during...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-924490
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1025037
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As of 2017, the international football federation introduced the change of direction ability test (CODA) and the 5×30 m sprint test for assistant referees (ARs) and continued the 6×40 m sprint test for field referees (FRs) as mandatory tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between performance in...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0577-4073
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electromyographic and force production characteristics of leg extensor muscles of elite weight lifters (n = 14) were examined during isometric, concentric, and various stretch-shortening cycle exercises. The data showed that utilization of stored elastic energy of leg extensor muscles was observable in countermovement...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025752
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gait retraining is a method for management of patellofemoral pain, which is a common ailment among recreational runners. The present study investigated the effects of gait retraining from rearfoot strike to forefoot strike on running economy, heart rate, and respiratory exchange ratio immediately post-retraining and o...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0043-110225
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48, > 200 g) were progressively treadmill trained over 5 wk where they were running 60 min/d, 5 d/wk. One-half of the group consumed a high-fat diet (HF, 78.7% of energy), while one-half consumed a high-carbohydrate diet (HC, 68.7% of energy). On the day of the experiment, 6 rats per diet...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-971939
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical exercise activates blood coagulation and enhances fibrinolytic activity. To investigate whether these activations of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis are balanced post-exercise and during the period of recovery, 11 moderately active young men were examined immediately after a standardised cycle ergometer te...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-971109
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the first official world championships in breath-hold diving (1996), a sport has developed where the athletes compete in various disciplines of breath-hold diving. One of the rules is that the diver should surface from a dive without showing any signs of hypoxia. Depending on the severity of hypoxia, a diver may...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2006-924361
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sedentary overweight or obese adult (age<60 years) women, allocated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n=13), dyslipidemia alone (DYS, n=12), dyslipidemia associated with hyperglycaemia (DYSHG, N=12), or healthy control (CON, n=10) groups, had their lipid, glucose, blood pressure, endurance performance, and anthropome...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0044-100387
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aerobic exercise performance decreases upon ascent to altitude whereas anaerobic performance remains unchanged. Although the effects of 1 - 3 wk of altitude acclimatization on both aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance have been well studied, the effects of short-term altitude acclimatization (i.e., 45 h) on thes...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2005-872823
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin, the product of the ob-gene, is specifically released by adipocytes. In addition to its metabolic function it seems to affect the feedback-mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis. We studied 13 female juvenile elite gymnasts with anorexia athletica (AA) and 9 female patients with anorexia nervosa ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-1999-8834
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared rectal temperature (Tre), heat sensation and sweating between obese and non-obese boys during cycling in the heat. Participants (aged 12-15 years) were 17 obese and 16 non-obese (BMI=29.4±4.3 and 16.8±1.7 kg · m⁻², respectively) boys. They cycled for 30-min (50-55% VO(2peak)) in a climatic chamber ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1301314
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
