HIV community viral load trends in South Carolina.

Abstract:

:Community viral load is an aggregate measure of HIV viral load in a particular geographic location, community, or subgroup. Community viral load provides a measure of disease burden in a community and community transmission risk. This study aims to examine community viral load trend in South Carolina and identify differences in community viral load trends between selected population subgroups using a state-wide surveillance dataset that maintains electronic records of all HIV viral load measurements reported to the state health department. Community viral load trends were examined using random mixed effects models, adjusting for age, race, gender, residence, CD4 counts, HIV risk group, and initial antiretroviral regimen during the study period, and time. The community viral load gradually decreased from 2004 to 2013 ( p < 0.0001). The number of new infections also decreased ( p = 0.0001) over time. A faster rate of decrease was seen among men compared to women ( p < 0.0001), men who have sex with men ( p = 0.0001) compared to heterosexuals, patients diagnosed in urban areas compared to that in rural areas ( p = 0.0004), and patients prescribed single-tablet regimen compared to multiple-tablet regimen ( p < 0.0001). While the state-wide community viral load decreased over time, the decline was not uniform among residence at diagnosis, HIV risk group, and single-tablet regimen versus multiple-tablet regimen subgroups. Slower declines in community viral load among females, those in rural areas, and heterosexuals suggest possible disparities in care that require further exploration. The association between using single-tablet regimen and faster community viral load decline is noteworthy.

journal_name

Int J STD AIDS

authors

Chakraborty H,Weissman S,Duffus WA,Hossain A,Varma Samantapudi A,Iyer M,Albrecht H

doi

10.1177/0956462416642349

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-03-01 00:00:00

pages

265-276

issue

3

eissn

0956-4624

issn

1758-1052

pii

0956462416642349

journal_volume

28

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Comparing sexual behaviours and knowledge between domestic students and Chinese international students in Australia: findings from two cross-sectional studies.

    abstract::Few studies investigate sexual health among Chinese international students in Australia. We recruited domestic (n = 623) and Chinese international (n = 500) students for separate online surveys on sexual behaviours and knowledge. Samples were compared using Chi square, Fisher's exact and equality of medians tests. Dom...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0956462420921726

    authors: Douglass CH,Qin C,Martin F,Xiao Y,El-Hayek C,Lim MS

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • Azithromycin as the first-line treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU): a study of follow-up rates, contact attendance and patients' treatment preference.

    abstract:AIMS:To identify any differences in follow-up rates or sexual contact attendance rates in men presenting with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) after treatment by single dose azithromycin rather than longer standard duration therapies and to identify patients' treatment preferences. METHODS:A prospective study was perfo...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/0956462961917591

    authors: Carlin EM,Barton SE

    更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00

  • Direct observation therapy-highly active antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting: the use of community treatment support can be effective.

    abstract::This study examines the use of various direct observation therapy-HAART treatment support modalities in Jos, Nigeria. A 12-month observational study enrolling 175 antiretroviral naïve patients into four arms of direct observation therapy-HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy); daily observed therapy (DOT), twice...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/095646207782212252

    authors: Idoko JA,Agbaji O,Agaba P,Akolo C,Inuwa B,Hassan Z,Akintunde L,Badung B,Muazu M,Danang M,Imade G,Sankale JL,Kanki P

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Social vulnerability and HIV testing among South African men who have sex with men.

    abstract::This study examined whether social vulnerability is associated with HIV testing among South African men who have sex with men (MSM). A community-based survey was conducted with 300 MSM in Pretoria in 2008. The sample was stratified by age, race and residential status. Social vulnerability was assessed using measures o...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2011.010350

    authors: Knox J,Sandfort T,Yi H,Reddy V,Maimane S

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • Acute syphilitic interstitial orchitis mimicking testicular malignancy in an HIV-1 infected man diagnosed by Treponema pallidum polymerase chain reaction.

    abstract::We report a case of acute epididymo-orchitis due to early infectious syphilis, mimicking as testicular malignancy in an undiagnosed HIV-positive individual. He presented with a mass on his testicle and simultaneously had serology consistent with early syphilis. It could not be distinguished from a malignancy, which ne...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2008.008253

    authors: Varma R,Baithun S,Alexander S,Goh BT

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Immunological markers of frequently recurrent genital herpes simplex virus and their response to hypnotherapy: a pilot study.

    abstract::Patients were recruited for hypnotherapy from a clinic for patients with frequently recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (rgHSV). Psychological and immunological parameters were measured 6 weeks prior to hypnotherapy and 6 weeks afterwards, during which time each patient kept a diary of symptoms of rgHSV. Following ...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/0956462991913420

    authors: Fox PA,Henderson DC,Barton SE,Champion AJ,Rollin MS,Catalan J,McCormack SM,Gruzelier J

    更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00

  • Markers of past syphilis in HIV infection comparing Captia Syphilis G anti-treponemal IgG enzyme immunoassay with other treponemal antigen tests.

    abstract::The sensitivity of the Captia Syphilis G anti-treponemal IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA-IgG) was compared with the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) and the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorbed (FTA-Abs) test as a marker for past syphilis in 28 HIV-infected and 31 HIV-negative patients with a past his...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/095646249500600207

    authors: Young H,Moyes A,Ross JD

    更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00

  • Moritz Kaposi (1837-1902).

    abstract::Today, Kaposi is remembered for giving the first description of the angiosarcoma which bears his name. During his lifetime, he was acknowledged as one of the great masters of the Vienna School of Dermatology, a superb clinician and renowned teacher. ...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/0956462971918968

    authors: Oriel JD

    更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00

  • Do not forget to examine the genitals: a case of anal cancer and anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia in an immunocompetent man.

    abstract::A 46-year-old Caucasian heterosexual male was referred to a dedicated AIN clinic from colorectal multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) with AIN 3 following complete resection of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). On further questioning, he revealed that he also had a lesion on his penis. Histology of the penile lesion demo...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2011.011255

    authors: Buba A,Howard M,Stockford G,Farrands P,Richardson D

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • A review of controlled trials in the pharmacological treatment of premature ejaculation.

    abstract::Premature ejaculation is a common sexual problem which presents to genitourinary (GU) medicine services. Five main treatment approaches have been used in clinical trials: behavioural therapy, antidepressants, phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, topical anaesthetic agents and alpha-blockers. We have carried out a sy...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1258/095646205774357299

    authors: Richardson D,Green J,Ritcheson A,Goldmeier D,Harris JR

    更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00

  • Simultaneous occurrence of dysaesthetic peno/scroto-dynia and stomatodynia.

    abstract::The 'dynias' are a group of chronic focal pain syndromes with a predilection for orocervical or urogenital regions. Only exceptionally do they involve both sites in the same patient. Here, we report a case of simultaneous occurrence of dysaesthetic peno/scroto dynia and stomatodynia. ...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/095646205774988154

    authors: Mancuso G,Berdondini RM

    更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00

  • Association between the use of protease inhibitors in highly active antiretroviral therapy and incidence of diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    abstract::This systematic review and meta-analysis tries to determine whether there is an association between the use of protease inhibitors (PIs) and the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or metabolic syndrome (MS) in HIV-infected patients. A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, CENTRAL, LILAC...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1177/0956462417732226

    authors: Echecopar-Sabogal J,D'Angelo-Piaggio L,Chanamé-Baca DM,Ugarte-Gil C

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Diagnosing non-gonococcal urethritis: the gram-stained urethral smear in perspective.

    abstract::The value of microscopy of a Gram-stained urethral smear in the diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis and chlamydial urethral infection was assessed in 153 men attending a department of genitourinary medicine. A mean of more than 4 polymorphs in 5 fields (x1000) was considered to be abnormal. In the diagnosis of uret...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/095646249100200409

    authors: Terry PM,Holland S,Olden D,O'Connell S

    更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in El Salvador. II. Gynaecology outpatients.

    abstract::The prevalence of urogenital infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis was examined in 100 non-pregnant women with cervicitis, and 100 healthy women, in San Salvador City, El Salvador. Pharmacia Chlamydia EIA test was used for the detection of chlamydial antigen in urethral and cervical specimens from all the women. D...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/095646249200300607

    authors: Cañas Posada AB,Jonasson J,de Linares L,Bygdeman S

    更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00

  • Two for the price of one.

    abstract::This case is about an HIV seropositive young woman referred for the treatment of severe menorrhagia causing anaemia due to adenomyosis where the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) proved useful in treating her heavy periods and also provided effective contraception without interference from the live...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2008.008107

    authors: Samuel MI,Tenant-Flowers M,Kumar U,Taylor C

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • Factors associated with accurate self-reported adherence to HIV antiretrovirals.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions in which self-reports provide an accurate assessment of adherence to HIV antiretrovirals. In a sample of 58 participants, self-reported and electronically monitored adherence to antiretroviral therapy were compared over a three-day period. Of the 16 who reporte...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/095646203321264917

    authors: Kimmerling M,Wagner G,Ghosh-Dastidar B

    更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00

  • Grassroots activities, national initiatives and HIV prevention: clues to explain Australia's dramatic early success in controlling the HIV epidemic.

    abstract::During the mid-1980s Australia experienced a remarkable decline in HIV incidence that can rightly be considered a public health milestone of global importance. The effects of this decline lasted for about 20 years and greatly benefited all Australians. In contrast, as we enter the mid-2000s, we see the global epidemic...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1258/095646206779307612

    authors: Plummer D,Irwin L

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Doubts about necessity and concerns about adverse effects: identifying the types of beliefs that are associated with non-adherence to HAART.

    abstract::This cross-sectional study assessed beliefs about highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and their association with reported adherence to HAART among 109 HIV-positive patients receiving HAART while attending an ambulatory care clinic in Brighton, UK. Patients' beliefs about the necessity for and concerns about H...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/095646204322637245

    authors: Horne R,Buick D,Fisher M,Leake H,Cooper V,Weinman J

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus in HIV-infected patients in Guangdong, China.

    abstract::This study investigated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HIV-infected adults at the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in Guangdong province, China. A total of 2793 HIV-infected adults were enrolled between January 2004 and September 2011. Demographic data and...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0956462415600570

    authors: Huang SM,Cai WP,Hu FY,Lan Y,Liao BL,Chen YP,Tang XP

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Roxithromycin compared to doxycycline in the treatment of genital chlamydial infection and non-specific urethritis.

    abstract::A single-blind randomized follow-up study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of roxithromycin 300 mg once a day compared to doxycycline 200 mg day 1 and 100 mg day 2-10 in the treatment of genital chlamydial infection in men and women and non-specific urethritis (NSU) in men. A total of 211 patients ...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1177/095646249300400211

    authors: Lidbrink P,Bygdeman S,Emtestam L,Gajecki M,Lapins J,Weden U

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • Complicated lymphogranuloma venereum infection mimicking deep vein thrombosis in an HIV-positive man.

    abstract::A 41-year-old HIV-positive man who has sex with men (MSM) with a family history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) presented to the emergency department with an acutely swollen lower limb. The initial clinical diagnosis was of a possible DVT and the patient was anticoagulated. However, investigations subsequently excluded ...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2011.011217

    authors: Kennedy JE,Higgins SP

    更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00

  • Differences in implementation of HIV/AIDS clinical research in developed versus developing world: an evidence-based review on protease inhibitor use among women and minorities.

    abstract::The aim of this revision is to evaluate ethnicity and gender rate of enrolment in registrative clinical trials of the protease inhibitors (Pls) from 1996 to 2009. Company-sponsored, phase II or III registrative clinical trials of PIs were evaluated. Forty-nine clinical trials were included. Clinical trials were conduc...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2012.012047

    authors: Seminari E,De Silvestri A,Scudeller L,Scotti V,Tinelli C

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Does chronic stress lead to increased rates of recurrences of genital herpes--a review of the psychoneuroimmunological evidence?

    abstract::It is a commonly expressed expert view that stress is associated with frequent recurrences of genital herpes (GH) but the evidence for this is poor and it is often asserted that stress is the result of GH rather than any other cause. We have reviewed the recent literature on this topic, restricting evidence to only pr...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2007.007304

    authors: Goldmeier D,Garvey L,Barton S

    更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00

  • Is screening for pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis warranted in high-risk groups?

    abstract::A recent survey reported that 36% of UK genitourinary medicine clinics offer testing for pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). Screening at this site is targeted at high-risk groups attending our centre, including female sex workers (FSWs) and male sex workers (MSWs). A total of 2406 patients were screened between No...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2010.009494

    authors: Tipple C,Hill SC,Smith A

    更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00

  • Financial situation of people living with HIV in Europe.

    abstract::The objective was to investigate the financial situation of people living with HIV in Europe. Two surveys using an anonymous questionnaire were organized in Europe among people living with HIV, the first in 1996-97 and the second in 1998-99. One thousand one hundred and sixty-one people from the 1996-97 survey and 899...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/095646202760326453

    authors: Schrooten W,Dreezen C,Borleffs J,Dijkgraaf M,Borchert M,De Graeve D,Hemmer R,Fleerackers Y,Colebunders R,Eurosupport Study Group.

    更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00

  • Education attainment as a predictor of HIV risk in rural Uganda: results from a population-based study.

    abstract::We examined the association between education and prevalent HIV-1 infection in the Rakai district, rural Uganda based on a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort. In 1990, 1397 men and 1705 women aged 13 years and older, were enrolled in 31 randomly selected communities. Strata were comprised of main ro...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/0956462991914456

    authors: Smith J,Nalagoda F,Wawer MJ,Serwadda D,Sewankambo N,Konde-Lule J,Lutalo T,Li C,Gray RH

    更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00

  • Neurosyphilitic gumma in a homosexual man with HIV infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.

    abstract::The brain gumma is a rare manifestation of the tertiary stage of syphilis. A case of neurosyphilitic gumma was confirmed by the Treponema pallidum polymerase chain reaction in a 46-year-old HIV-positive homosexual man. The patient presented with a severe headache and was hospitalized. A computed tomography scan was pe...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2007.007287

    authors: Morshed MG,Lee MK,Maguire J,Zwimpfer T,Willoughby B,Clement J,Crawford RI,Barberie J,Gul S,Jones H

    更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00

  • What is new with antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea in Newcastle, England?

    abstract::Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin and/or penicillin were analysed to investigate the escalating problem of antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea in the north east of England. Opa-typing (outer membrane opacity protein) was carried out on isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and of nutrient n...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/095646202321020044

    authors: Elawad BB,Narayanan M,Pattman RS,Sankar KN,Freeman R

    更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00

  • Association of Trichomonas vaginalis with sociodemographic factors and other STDs among female inmates in Lisbon.

    abstract::A study on STDs was conducted among 211 female inmates in a prison in Lisbon, Portugal, in order to establish possible associations between Trichomonas vaginalis infection, sociodemographic factors and other STDs. T. vaginalis was found in 31.2% of the women, from whom only 65.1% presented symptoms. It was more freque...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/0956462041724235

    authors: Garcia A,Exposto F,Prieto E,Lopes M,Duarte A,Correia da Silva R

    更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00

  • Is vaginal microscopy an essential tool for the management of women presenting with vaginal discharge?

    abstract:SUMMARY:Point-of-care microscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of vaginal discharge in genitourinary (GU) medicine clinics but not used in primary care settings and reproductive health clinics to which many patients present. In our GU medicine clinic setting, we conducted an audit to assess the utility of micr...

    journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1258/ijsa.2008.008212

    authors: Lascar RM,Devakumar H,Jungmann E,Copas A,Arthur G,Mercey D

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00