Abstract：
:The secretory granules of pancreatic beta cells are specialized organelles responsible for the packaging, storage and secretion of the vital hormone insulin. The insulin secretory granules also contain more than 100 other proteins including the proteases involved in proinsulin-to insulin conversion, other precursor proteins, minor co-secreted peptides, membrane proteins involved in cell trafficking and ion translocation proteins essential for regulation of the intragranular environment. The synthesis, transport and packaging of these proteins into nascent granules must be carried out in a co-ordinated manner to ensure correct functioning of the granule. The process is regulated by many circulating nutrients such as glucose and can change under different physiological states. This chapter discusses the various processes involved in insulin granule biogenesis with a focus on the granule composition in health and disease.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Guest PCdoi
10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-01 00:00:00pages
17-32eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
1134pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The Wnt signaling pathways are well known for having several pivotal roles during embryonic development. However, the same developmental signaling pathways also present key roles in cancer initiation and progression. In this chapter, several issues regarding the roles of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_10
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Microprocessor, comprising the ribonuclease Drosha and its essential cofactor, the double-stranded RNA-binding protein, DGCR8, is essential for the first step of the miRNA biogenesis pathway. It specifically cleaves double-stranded RNA within stem-loop structures of primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) to genera...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intramolecular ADP-ribose transfer reactions result in the formation of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and 2'-phospho-cyclic ADP-ribose (P-cADPR) from NAD and NADP, respectively. The potent Ca2+ releasing activity of these cyclic nucleotides has led to the postulation that they function as second messengers of Ca2+ signall...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arterial hypertension remains to be a serious problem with considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide in the present age. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, and heart failure. Hypertensive nephropathy is the second leading cause of ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_3
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 is a membrane-bound surface ectopeptidase with a ubiquitous distribution. In hematopoiesis, APN/CD13 is expressed on stem cells and during most developmental stages of myeloid cells. Because APN/CD13 has been implicated in the trimming on the cell surface of peptides that protrude out of MH...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/0-306-46826-3_5
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most processes of human body, such as brain function, are regulated by biological rhythms. Disturbance of biological rhythms impairs mood, behavior, cognition, sleep, and social activity and may lead to mental disorders. Disturbed rhythms are widely observable in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD) and make...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-32-9271-0_6
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a powerful approach for high-throughput quantitative proteomics. SILAC allows highly accurate protein quantitation through metabolic encoding of whole cell proteomes using stable isotope labeled amino acids. Since its introduction in 2002, SILAC has bec...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_5
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of arthritis, which is characterized by progressive degradation of joint cartilage resulting in pain, joint stiffness, deformity and disability that is also recently related to an increased incidence of mortality. Inhibition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) production by chondrocy...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_11
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Simultaneous measurements of left and right scrotal, and axillary skin temperatures were recorded in 58 consecutive adolescents (mean age 14.4 years) with a grade II-III left sided varicocele, and nine control adolescents without genital pathology (mean age 15.7 years). Left and right testicular volumes were determine...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5913-5_28
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The family of TRP channel is comprised of a large group of cation-permeable channels, displaying as signaling integrators for sensing extracellular stimulus and initiating intracellular signaling cascades. This chapter offers a brief review of the signaling molecules related to TRPC channels, the first identified mamm...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-024-1088-4_3
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, the studies reviewed here have indicated which neural functions might be directly influenced by the nucleus basalis. Basalis neurons do not appear to be directly involved in trial-specific memory because, in memory tasks, they have non-differential responses that do not correspond to the information being ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-0145-6_12
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Circular RNAs characterize a class of widespread and diverse endogenous RNAs which are non-coding RNAs that are made by back-splicing events and have covalently closed loops with no polyadenylated tails. Various indications specify that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are plentiful in the human transcriptome. However, their ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_8
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The P300 event-related potential (ERP) is associated with attention and memory operations of the brain. P300 is changed in many cognitive disorders such as dementia, Alzheimer, schizophrenia, and major depression disorder. Therefore, investigation on basis of this component can help to improve our understanding of pat...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_60
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria have long been known to be critical for cell survival due to their role in energy metabolism. However, not until the mid-1990s did it become evident that mitochondria are also active participants in programmed cell death (PCD). This chapter focuses mainly on the role the mitochondria in mammalian cell dea...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_3
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CA19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9, also called cancer antigen 19-9 or sialylated Lewis a antigen) is the most commonly used and best validated serum tumor marker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis in symptomatic patients and for monitoring therapy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Normally synthesized by normal...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_15
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Possible non-transmitter roles for 5-HT in different phases of early neuroembryogenesis have been discussed based upon experimental evidence from the rat and chick. Fluorescence histochemical studies have demonstrated sites of uptake and synthesis of 5-HT in the chick embryo during the first few days of incubation. Th...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3860-4_28
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery that PSD-95/Discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains can function as lipid-binding modules, in particular interacting with phosphoinositides (PIs), was made more than 10 years ago (Mol Cell 9(6): 1215-1225, 2002). Confirmatory studies and a series of functional follow-ups established PDZ domains as dual specificit...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9_4
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary trihydroxy bile acid, cholate, both free and conjugated, is nontoxic in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells incubated in vitro. The primary dihydroxy bile acid, chenodeoxycholate, was more toxic at high concentrations than at low concentrations, but conjugation with taurine reversed it. The free secondary ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-0405-8_6
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) release into the medium in which they are cultured heterogeneous populations of microvesicles (mESMVs), important components of cell-cell communication, that transfer their contents not only to other stem cells but also to cells of other origins. The purpose of these studies was to d...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_75
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and is closely related to the occurrence of variety of human diseases. It is known that autophagy occurs in response to various environmental stresses such as nutrient deficiency, growth factor deficiency, and hypoxia. Induced autophagy eliminates the...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_3
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Free radicals are critical contributors in various conditions including normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and diabetes. Currently there is no non-invasive approach to image tissue free radicals based on endogenous contrast due to their extremely short lifetimes and low in vivo concentrations. In this study we...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_11
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on the fractal bronchial tree, we introduced a function of "asynchronous phasic contractions of lobular bronchiole", which would generate fluctuations in tidal volumes. Stochastic control theory was able to describe a genesis of biological variability in spontaneous respirations using a Schroedinger wave functio...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-5692-7_11
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The de novo generation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) occurs solely during embryogenesis from a population of epithelial cells called hemogenic endothelium (HE). During midgestation HE cells in multiple intra- and extraembryonic vascular beds leave the vessel wall as they transition into HSPCs in a ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_4
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taurine release in mouse hippocampal slices is regulated by several neurotransmitter receptor systems. The ionotropic glutamate receptors and the adenosine receptor A(1) are the most effective. The effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors is mediated via activation of the pathway involving nitric oxide and 3',5'-cycli...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_11
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel method for hand movement pattern recognition from electromyography (EMG) biological signals is proposed. These signals are recorded by a three-channel data acquisition system using surface electrodes placed over the forearm, and then processed to recognize five hand movements: opening, closing, supination, fle...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_20
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past few decades have seen tremendous advances in single-particle electron -cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). The field has matured to the point that near-atomic resolution density maps can be generated for icosahedral viruses without the need for crystallization. In parallel, substantial progress has been made in determ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-0980-9_4
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction between Ixodid ticks and their mammalian hosts is a complex relationship. While the mammalian host tries to avoid the completion of the feeding process, the tick has devised strategies to counteract these attempts. Tick saliva contains a vast array of pharmacological activities that presumably aid the ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-1601-3_10
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of a remarkable series of organs that spatially and temporally coordinate the vital process of digestion to extract key nutrients required to sustain our day-to-day functions. During development, it undergoes complex and highly specialized morphogenetic events to form functiona...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_4
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The characteristic functions of relaxin are associated with female reproductive tract physiology. These include the regulation of biochemical processes involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix of the cervix and vagina during pregnancy and rupture of the fetal membranes at term. Such modifications enable the you...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-74672-2_4
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modern computerized planning tools for periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) use either morphology-based or biomechanics-based methods. The latter rely on estimation of peak contact pressures and contact areas using either patient-specific or constant thickness cartilage models. We performed a finite element analysis investi...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-1396-7_13
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
