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Atypical cytological changes mimicking SIL of the uterine cervix in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients treated with busulfan.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a common procedure in hematological disorders and is preceded by a conditioning regimen that usually includes busulfan. The immunosuppression caused by the conditioning regimen and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and, consequently, with an increased risk of cervical cancer (CC) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs)-the precursors of CC. A gynecological check-up that includes CC screening is recommended in these patients. METHODS:All female recipients of allo-HSCT undergo routine gynecological check-up that includes CC screening. Cervical samples were obtained for liquid-based cytology and HPV testing. Cytology smears were stained with the Papanicolaou (Pap) technique. A colposcopy evaluation was performed if any abnormal result in the screening tests was obtained. RESULTS:Among 15 women undergoing gynecological examination at 1 year after allo-HSCT who had received a conditioning regimen that included busulfan, 4 (26.7%) showed atypical squamous cells in the Pap smear, suggesting high-grade SIL. The abnormalities were identified from 136 to 271 days after allo-HSCT. In all cases, HPV testing was negative, and colposcopy examination was normal. The cytological abnormalities regressed in 3 of the women after 1 year but persisted in 1 woman at day 382 after allo-HSCT. CONCLUSIONS:Treatment-related atypia mimicking SIL is a common finding in allo-HSCT recipients who have received busulfan, particularly in the first year after the procedure. However, atypical changes may persist for more than 1 year. Clinical information, HPV testing, and colposcopy examination are critical to prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment in these patients.

journal_name

Cancer Cytopathol

journal_title

Cancer cytopathology

authors

Saco A,Alòs S,Esteve R,Suárez-Lledó M,Martínez C,Perez FM,Vega N,Martí C,Torne A,Ordi J,Del Pino M

doi

10.1002/cncy.22148

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-06-01 00:00:00

pages

399-406

issue

eissn

1934-662X

issn

1934-6638

journal_volume

127

pub_type

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Atypical cytological changes mimicking SIL of the uterine cervix in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients treated with busulfan.