Abstract:
:The Enterobacterales order of Gram-negative bacteria includes the common nosocomial pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter species. Intestinal domination by some colonizing bacterial taxa is associated with subsequent infection, but 16S rRNA gene sequencing is too costly and slow to be used in a clinical setting. The objectives of this study were to develop a PCR-based assay that can measure Enterobacterales density, validate it against 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and measure the association between Enterobacterales dominance and subsequent infection. Two quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays that were developed to quantify the absolute and relative abundance of Enterobacterales had good correlation with 16S rRNA sequence analysis (P < 0.0001). Using both PCR assays and 16S sequencing, a matched case-control study was performed comparing rectal swabs from hospitalized patients who later developed bloodstream, urinary tract, or respiratory Enterobacterales infections (n = 95) to swabs from patients who remained uninfected (n = 189). Enterobacterales abundance measured by sequencing was high in both cases and controls (means, 31.1% and 27.5%, respectively; P = 0.322). We observed an increased risk of infection that depended on both the absolute and relative abundance of Enterobacterales as measured by qPCR assay A (P = 0.012). After adjustment for albumin levels, central venous catheter presence, and use of cephalosporins at the time of swab collection, this association still approached significance (P = 0.061). These results demonstrate that using qPCR to measure intestinal colonization dominance is feasible, indicate that hospitalized patients have high levels of Enterobacterales colonization, and suggest that both relative and absolute abundance may be associated with subsequent infection.IMPORTANCE Increasing antibiotic resistance has resulted in infections that are life-threatening and difficult to treat. Interventions that prevent these infections, particularly without using antibiotics, could save lives. Intestinal colonization by pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (part of the order Enterobacterales) is associated with subsequent infection, and increased colonization density is associated with increased infection risk. Therefore, colonization offers a window of opportunity for infection prevention if (i) there are rapid and inexpensive assays to detect colonization, (ii) there are safe and effective interventions, and (iii) the risk of infection outweighs the risk of the treatment. Fecal transplants are proof of principle that manipulating the microbiome can reduce such colonization and prevent infections. This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing rapid and inexpensive assays to quantify colonization and measures the strength of association between Enterobacterales dominance and subsequent infection. The approach described here could be a valuable tool in the prevention of antibiotic-resistant infections.
journal_name
mSpherejournal_title
mSphereauthors
Rao K,Seekatz A,Bassis C,Sun Y,Mantlo E,Bachman MAdoi
10.1128/mSphere.00450-20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-07-22 00:00:00issue
4issn
2379-5042pii
5/4/e00450-20journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
mSphere文献大全abstract::CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat [CRISPR]-CRISPR-associated protein [Cas]) systems can provide protection against invading genetic elements by using CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) as a guide to locate and degrade the target DNA. CRISPR-Cas systems have been classified into two classes and fiv...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00403-17
更新日期:2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Using live microbes as therapeutic candidates is a strategy that has gained traction across multiple therapeutic areas. In the skin, commensal microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining skin barrier function, homeostasis, and cutaneous immunity. Alterations of the homeostatic skin microbiome are associated with...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00360-20
更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria is a devastating illness that causes approximately 500,000 deaths annually. The malaria-causing parasite (Plasmodium genus) uses the process of translational repression to regulate its growth, development, and transmission. As poly(A)-binding proteins (PABP) have been identified as critical components of RNA m...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00435-17
更新日期:2018-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Current in vitro techniques for the culture of microorganisms, and particularly of delicate microbial biofilms, are still mostly limited to low-density plates and manual labor and are not amenable to automation and true high-throughput (HT) applications. We have developed a novel fully automated platform for the forma...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00247-17
更新日期:2017-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::The Paracoccidioides genus includes two species of thermally dimorphic fungi that cause paracoccidioidomycosis, a neglected health-threatening human systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America. To examine the genome evolution and the diversity of Paracoccidioides spp., we conducted whole-genome sequencing of 31 isolates...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00213-16
更新日期:2016-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial small RNAs play a remarkable role in the regulation of functions involved in host-pathogen interaction. ErsA is a small RNA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that contributes to the regulation of bacterial virulence traits such as biofilm formation and motility. Shown to take part in a regulatory circuit under the c...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00909-20
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Mary Lopez-Perez works on immunology and pathogenesis of malaria. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper "Functional antibodies against VAR2CSA in nonpregnant populations from Colombia exposed to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax" by S. Gnidehou, J. Doritchamou, E. M. Arango, A. C...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00224-20
更新日期:2020-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::Control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are impeded by the existence of a persistent, subclinical phase of infection in ruminants; animals with this status are referred to as carriers. However, the epidemiological significance of these FMD virus (FMDV) carriers is uncertain. In the current investigatio...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00365-18
更新日期:2018-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Enveloped viruses require viral fusion proteins to promote fusion of the viral envelope with a target cell membrane. To drive fusion, these proteins undergo large conformational changes that must occur at the right place and at the right time. Understanding the elements which control the stability of the prefusion sta...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00047-18
更新日期:2018-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza D virus (IDV) is unique among four types of influenza viruses in that it utilizes cattle as a primary reservoir. The thermal and acid stability of IDV were examined and directly compared with those of influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B virus (IBV), and influenza C virus (ICV). The results of our experiment...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00254-17
更新日期:2017-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance is a global crisis that threatens our ability to treat bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Of the 10 million cases of tuberculosis in 2017, approximately 19% of new cases and 43% of previously treated cases were caused by strains of M. tuberculosis res...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00606-19
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Zoonosis is the leading cause of emerging infectious diseases. In a recent article, R. S. Shabman et al. (mSphere 1[1]:e00070-15, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00070-15) report the identification of a novel gammaherpesvirus in a cell line derived from the microbat Myotis velifer incautus. This is the first r...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00016-16
更新日期:2016-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Neal Hammer works in the field of bacterial pathogenesis, metabolism, and antibiotic resistance. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how "Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella" by Winter and colleagues (S. E. Winter, P. Thiennimitr, M. G. Winter, B. P. Butler, et al....
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00110-20
更新日期:2020-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) carriage is commonly used to measure effects of pneumococcal vaccines. Based on findings from culture-based studies, the World Health Organization recommends both nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) sampling for detecting adult carriage. Given evidence of potential co...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00478-20
更新日期:2020-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in the Americas in 2013. Limited antigenic variability of CHIKV and ZIKV may restrict urban transmission cycles due to population protective immunity. In Africa, sylvatic transmission cycles involving nonhuman primates (NHP) are known for CHIKV and ZIKV, causing ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00523-17
更新日期:2018-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The newly emerged Candida species Candida auris is associated with an exponential rise in life-threatening invasive disease in health care facilities worldwide. Unlike other species, C. auris exhibits a high level of transmissibility, multidrug resistance, and persistence in the environment, yet little is known about ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00760-20
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica cause respiratory infections, many of which are characterized by coughing of the infected hosts. The pathogenesis of the coughing remains to be analyzed, mainly because there were no convenient infection models of small animals that replicate coughing after...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00093-19
更新日期:2019-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a novel genome integration system that enables the introduction of DNA fragments as large as 50 kbp into the chromosomes of recipient bacteria. This system, named BPI, comprises a bacterial artificial chromosome vector and phage-derived gene integration machinery. We introduced the wbm locus of Bordetella ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00417-17
更新日期:2018-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::The Amazon River watershed and its associated plume comprise a vast continental and oceanic area. The microbial activities along this continuum contribute substantially to global carbon and nutrient cycling, and yet there is a dearth of information on the diversity, abundance, and possible roles of viruses in this glo...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00366-17
更新日期:2017-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae two-component regulatory systems (TCS) enable adaptation and ensure its maintenance in host environments. This study deciphers the impact of TCS08 on pneumococcal gene expression and its role in metabolic and pathophysiological processes. Transcriptome analysis and real-time PCR demonstrated a...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00165-18
更新日期:2018-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Nonribosomal peptide synthases produce short peptides in a manner that is distinct from classical mRNA-dependent ribosome-mediated translation. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome harbors a nonribosomal peptide synthase gene, nrp, which is part of a gene cluster proposed to be involved in the biosynthesis of isonitr...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00352-18
更新日期:2018-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by neurotoxigenic clostridial species, are the cause of the severe disease botulism in humans and animals. Early research on BoNTs has led to their classification into seven serotypes (serotypes A to G) based upon the selective neutralization of their toxicity in mice by homolog...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00100-15
更新日期:2016-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes superficial fungal infections and lethal systemic infections. To colonize and establish infections, C. albicans coordinates the expression of virulence and metabolic genes. Previous work showed that the homeodomain transcription factor Grf10 is req...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00161-17
更新日期:2017-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, a human-specific sexually transmitted infection that causes a multistage disease with diverse clinical manifestations. Treponema pallidum undergoes rapid vascular dissemination to penetrate tissue, placental, and blood-brain barriers and gain acces...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00195-20
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is associated with high rates of mortality and growth stunting in children inhabiting low- to middle-resource countries. To better understand the impact of breastfeeding on Campylobacter infection in infants in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asi...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00735-19
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Female Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, harbor a symbiotic bacterial community in a reproductive organ, the accessory nidamental gland (ANG). This community is known to be stable over several generations of wild-caught bobtail squid but has, to date, been examined for only one population in Maunalua Bay, Oah...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00531-17
更新日期:2018-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the gut microbiome in critical illness is being actively investigated, but the optimal sampling methods for sequencing studies of gut microbiota remain unknown. Stool samples are generally considered the reference standard but are not practical to obtain in the intensive care unit (ICU), and thus, rectal s...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00358-19
更新日期:2019-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria is the consequence of an unrestrained infection that continuously releases lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the bloodstream, which triggers an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response leading to multiorgan failure and death. After scrutinizing the immune modulation exerted by a ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00548-18
更新日期:2018-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Members of family Coronaviridae cause a variety of diseases in birds and mammals. Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), a lesser-researched coronavirus, can infect naive pigs of any age, but clinical disease is observed in pigs ≤4 weeks of age. No commercial PHEV vaccines are available, and neonatal...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00199-20
更新日期:2020-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Regular protocols for the isolation of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) are time-consuming, hard to reproduce, and produce low yields. In an attempt to improve the protocols used for EV isolation, we explored a model of vesicle production after growth of Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans on solid medi...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00080-19
更新日期:2019-03-20 00:00:00