Abstract:
:Control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are impeded by the existence of a persistent, subclinical phase of infection in ruminants; animals with this status are referred to as carriers. However, the epidemiological significance of these FMD virus (FMDV) carriers is uncertain. In the current investigation, the contagion associated with FMDV carrier cattle was investigated by exposure of susceptible cattle and pigs to oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) samples or tissues harvested from persistently infected cattle. Naive cattle were inoculated through intranasopharyngeal deposition of unprocessed OPF samples that had been collected from FMDV carriers at 30 days postinfection. These inoculated cattle developed clinical FMD, and the severity of disease they developed was similar to that of animals that had been infected with a high-titer inoculum. In contrast, pigs exposed via intraoropharyngeal inoculation of the same OPF samples or via ingestion of nasopharyngeal tissues harvested from the same cohort of persistently infected cattle did not develop FMD. These findings indicate that there is demonstrable contagion associated with FMDV carrier cattle despite the lack of evidence for transmission by direct contact. The findings presented herein provide novel information that should be considered for FMD risk mitigation strategies.IMPORTANCE Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a viral disease of livestock with substantial impact on agricultural production and subsistence farming on a global scale. Control of FMD is impeded by the existence of a prolonged asymptomatic carrier phase during which infected cattle shed low quantities of infectious virus in oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) for months to years after infection. The epidemiological significance of FMD virus (FMDV) carriers is unresolved. However, the existence of the FMDV carrier state has substantial impact on international trade in animal products. The current investigation demonstrated that transfer of OPF from persistently infected FMDV carrier cattle to naive cattle led to fulminant clinical FMD. It was thus demonstrated that, although the risk for disease transmission under natural conditions is considered to be low, there is detectable contagion associated with FMDV carrier cattle. This finding is important for optimization of FMD risk mitigation strategies.
journal_name
mSpherejournal_title
mSphereauthors
Arzt J,Belsham GJ,Lohse L,Bøtner A,Stenfeldt Cdoi
10.1128/mSphere.00365-18subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-09-12 00:00:00issue
5issn
2379-5042pii
3/5/e00365-18journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
mSphere文献大全abstract::Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes superficial fungal infections and lethal systemic infections. To colonize and establish infections, C. albicans coordinates the expression of virulence and metabolic genes. Previous work showed that the homeodomain transcription factor Grf10 is req...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00161-17
更新日期:2017-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Manipulation of the host cell is a crucial part of life for many intracellular organisms. We have recently come to appreciate the extent to which the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii reprograms its host cell, and this is illustrated by the marked upregulation of the central regulator c-Myc, an oncogene that co...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00402-20
更新日期:2020-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence shows that exosomes are key regulators in cancer cell-to-cell communication. Several reports on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancies demonstrate that latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) secreted by exosomes derived from EBV- or LMP1-positive cells can promote cancer progression and metastasis...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00030-18
更新日期:2018-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Oxalate, broadly found in both dietary and endogenous sources, is a primary constituent in 80% of kidney stones, an affliction that has tripled in prevalence over the last 40 years. Oxalate-degrading bacteria within the gut microbiota can mitigate the effects of oxalate and are negatively correlated with kidney stone ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00428-17
更新日期:2017-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::Human norovirus interacts with the polymorphic human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), and this interaction is thought to be important for infection. The genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) noroviruses are the dominant cluster, evolve every other year, and are thought to modify their binding interactions with different ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00049-16
更新日期:2016-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::The oral periodontopathic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum has been repeatedly associated with colorectal tumors. Molecular analysis has identified specific virulence factors that promote tumorigenesis in the colon. However, other oral community members, such as members of the Porphyromonas spp., are also found with ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00102-16
更新日期:2016-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is an emerging pathogen of increasing concern due to its ability to cause serious organ and life-threatening infections in healthy individuals and its increasing acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Identification of hvKp is critical for patient care and epid...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00850-19
更新日期:2020-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Neal Hammer works in the field of bacterial pathogenesis, metabolism, and antibiotic resistance. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how "Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella" by Winter and colleagues (S. E. Winter, P. Thiennimitr, M. G. Winter, B. P. Butler, et al....
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00110-20
更新日期:2020-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread around the world, there is an urgent need for new assay formats to characterize the humoral response to infection. Here, we present an efficient, competitive serological assay that can simultaneously determine an individual's seroreact...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00802-20
更新日期:2020-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe health problems. Despite intensive investigation, many aspects of microbial virulence remain poorly understood. We used a high-throughput, high-content, whole-organism, phenotypic screen to identify small molecules that inhibit P. aeruginosa virule...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00217-16
更新日期:2016-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Zoonosis is the leading cause of emerging infectious diseases. In a recent article, R. S. Shabman et al. (mSphere 1[1]:e00070-15, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00070-15) report the identification of a novel gammaherpesvirus in a cell line derived from the microbat Myotis velifer incautus. This is the first r...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00016-16
更新日期:2016-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial small RNAs play a remarkable role in the regulation of functions involved in host-pathogen interaction. ErsA is a small RNA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that contributes to the regulation of bacterial virulence traits such as biofilm formation and motility. Shown to take part in a regulatory circuit under the c...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00909-20
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria must sense alterations in their environment and respond with changes in function and/or structure in order to cope. Extracytoplasmic function sigma factors (ECF σs) modulate transcription in response to cellular and environmental signals. The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium Sinorhizobium melilo...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphereDirect.00454-18
更新日期:2018-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Most of our knowledge relating to molecular mechanisms of human fungal pathogenesis in Candida albicans relies on reverse genetics approaches, requiring strain engineering. DNA-mediated transformation of C. albicans has been described as highly mutagenic, potentially accentuated by the organism's genome plasticity, in...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00620-20
更新日期:2020-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Methane-oxidizing microorganisms perform an important role in reducing emissions of the greenhouse gas methane to the atmosphere. To date, known bacterial methanotrophs belong to the Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and NC10 phyla. Within the Proteobacteria phylum, they can be divided into type Ia, type Ib, and type I...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00631-18
更新日期:2019-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Newborns are constantly exposed to various microbes from birth; hence, diverse commensal bacteria colonize the oral cavity. However, how or when these bacteria construct a complex and stable ecosystem remains unclear. This prospective cohort study examined the temporal changes in bacterial diversity and composition in...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00187-19
更新日期:2019-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous compartments produced by yeast and mycelial forms of several fungal species. One of the difficulties in perceiving the role of EVs during the fungal life, and particularly in cell wall biogenesis, is caused by the presence of a thick cell wall. One alternative to have better...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00476-20
更新日期:2020-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular detection of biological agents in the field has traditionally relied on the use of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), which now includes commercially available instruments that can be used in the laboratory or field. Adapting this technology for field-forward applications necessitated innovation to minimize ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00695-19
更新日期:2019-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The etiology of bacterial meningitis in Turkey changed after the implementation of conjugated vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in the Turkish National Immunization Program (NIP). Administration of Hib vaccine and PCV-7 (7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) was imple...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00060-20
更新日期:2020-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00393-18.]. ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00535-18
更新日期:2018-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Jorge Amich studies several aspects of sulfur and nitrogen metabolism in Aspergillus fumigatus, with the ultimate aim of identifying targets for the development of novel antifungals. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how "Sub-Telomere Directed Gene Expression during Initiation of Invasive Aspergillo...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00566-19
更新日期:2019-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::The azithromycin resistance conferred by phosphotransferase is encoded in the gene mph(A). This gene has been discovered in and reported for many bacterial species. We examined the prevalence of azithromycin resistance in Vibrio fluvialis (AR-VF) isolated during 2014 to 2015 from the hospitalized acute diarrheal patie...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00215-19
更新日期:2019-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Arginine is an important pH-elevating agent in the oral cavity. It has been incorporated in oral hygiene formulations to mitigate sensitivity and to prevent caries. In this investigation, the effects of sustained arginine dosing of dental plaque microcosms on bacteriological composition and pH were evaluated under con...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00295-17
更新日期:2017-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::Using live microbes as therapeutic candidates is a strategy that has gained traction across multiple therapeutic areas. In the skin, commensal microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining skin barrier function, homeostasis, and cutaneous immunity. Alterations of the homeostatic skin microbiome are associated with...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00360-20
更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Candida albicans, a pervasive opportunistic pathogen, undergoes a unique phenotypic transition from a "white" phenotype to an "opaque" phenotype. The switch to opaque impacts gene expression, cell morphology, wall structure, metabolism, biofilm formation, mating, virulence, and colonization of the skin and gastrointes...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00918-20
更新日期:2020-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Replication forks must respond to changes in nutrient conditions, especially in bacterial cells. By investigating the single-molecule dynamics of replicative helicase DnaC, DNA primase DnaG, and lagging-strand polymerase DnaE in the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis, we show that proteins react differently to stress c...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00948-20
更新日期:2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Many microbiologists exhibit a fascination with unculturable bacteria. This intrigue can be expressed through curiosity about nutrient needs, as well as about parameters such as optimal temperature, oxygen levels, minimum and optimal light, or other such environmental factors. Microbiologists study organisms' genetic ...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.01046-20
更新日期:2020-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that causes lethal cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised patients. One of the challenges in treating cryptococcosis is the development of resistance to azole antifungals. Previous studies linked azole resistance to elevated numbers of copies of critical resistance g...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00205-17
更新日期:2017-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Toxoplasma gondii can infect and replicate in vascular endothelial cells prior to entering host tissues. However, little is known about the molecular interactions at the parasite-endothelial cell interface. We demonstrate that T. gondii infection of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) altered cell m...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00550-19
更新日期:2020-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Aspergillus species cause pulmonary invasive aspergillosis resulting in nearly 100,000 deaths each year. Patients at the greatest risk of developing life-threatening aspergillosis have weakened immune systems and/or various lung disorders. Patients are treated with antifungals such as amphotericin B (AmB), caspofungin...
journal_title:mSphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mSphere.00025-19
更新日期:2019-02-13 00:00:00