Phase variants of Bordetella bronchiseptica arise by spontaneous deletions in the vir locus.

abstract：:Protein degradation is required for homeostasis of all living organisms. Self-compartmentalized ATP-dependent proteases are required for virulence of several pathogenic bacteria. Among the proteases implicated are ClpP and Lon, as well as the more recently identified bacterial proteasome. It is generally assumed that ...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Butler SM,Festa RA,Pearce MJ,Darwin KH

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The CovR/S two-component system regulates the transcription of many genes that are crucial for the virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS). Previously, we demonstrated that one gene repressed directly by CovR is rivR, which encodes a member of the RofA-like family of transcriptional regulators...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Roberts SA,Scott JR

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic approaches can address the question of how integral membrane Sec factors interact with each other and facilitate protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli. This review summarizes genetic analyses of SecY, SecE and some other protein translocation factors, utilizing 'prl' mutations, 'sec'...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Ito K

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulation of gene expression by the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ is necessary for Salmonella typhimurium survival within macrophages, defensin resistance, acid resistance, and murine typhoid fever pathogenesis. Salmonella experience multiple environments during mammalian infection and survival requir...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Miller SI

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria differ from eukaryotes by having the enzyme DNA gyrase, which catalyses the ATP-dependent negative supercoiling of DNA. Negative supercoils are essential for condensing chromosomes into an interwound (plectonemic) and branched structure known as the nucleoid. Topo-1 removes excess supercoiling in an ATP-indep...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Booker BM,Deng S,Higgins NP

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 9.5 kb virB operon is the largest of the six major operons in the Ti plasmid vir region. This operon contains eleven genes, the largest of which is virB4. This gene encodes an 84 kDa protein whose function has not been identified. Its roles in conferring virulence on Agrobacterium tumefaciens and in the T-DNA tran...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Shirasu K,Koukolíková-Nicola Z,Hohn B,Kado CI

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cell wall is considered an essential component for bacterial survival, providing structural support, and protection from environmental insults. Under normal growth conditions, filamentous actinobacteria insert new cell wall material at the hyphal tips regulated by the coordinated activity of cytoskeletal proteins ...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Ultee E,Zhong X,Shitut S,Briegel A,Claessen D

更新日期：2020-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The cell wall is a crucial structural feature in the vast majority of bacteria and comprises a covalently closed network of peptidoglycan (PG) strands. While PG synthesis is important for survival under many conditions, the cell wall is also a dynamic structure, undergoing degradation and remodeling by 'autolysins', e...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Weaver AI,Jiménez-Ruiz V,Tallavajhala SR,Ransegnola BP,Wong KQ,Dörr T

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis involves a post-initiation mechanism which is subject to control by the Stringent System, an essential regulatory network, mediated by the alarmone, ppGpp. In detailed studies using DNA-DNA hybridization procedures, we have now shown that, following the induction of t...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Levine A,Autret S,Séror SJ

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The AMA1 sequence is an efficient plasmid replicator and transformation enhancer in Aspergillus nidulans. It comprises two long perfect inverted repeats (MATE elements) flanking a short, unique, central spacer. Subclone analysis indicates that the complete inverted duplication, but not the unique central spacer, is ne...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Aleksenko A,Gems D,Clutterbuck J

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alternative sigma (σ) factors govern expression of bacterial genes in response to diverse environmental signals. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa σPvdS directs expression of genes for production of a siderophore, pyoverdine, as well as a toxin and a protease. σFpvI directs expression of a receptor for ferripyoverdine import....

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Edgar RJ,Hampton GE,Garcia GPC,Maher MJ,Perugini MA,Ackerley DF,Lamont IL

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the role of cell division in the process of nucleoid segregation, we measured the DNA content of individual nucleoids in isogenic Escherichia coli cell division mutants by image cytometry. In pbpB(Ts) and ftsZ strains growing as filaments at 42 degrees C, nucleoids contained, on average, more than two chromos...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Huls PG,Vischer NO,Woldringh CL

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, exposure to HL damages the photosynthetic apparatus, especially the D1 subunit of Photosystem II. To avoid chronic photoinhibition, a PSII repair cycle operates to replace damaged PSII subunits with newly synthesised versions. To determine the sub-cellular location of this process, w...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Sacharz J,Bryan SJ,Yu J,Burroughs NJ,Spence EM,Nixon PJ,Mullineaux CW

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor Rex has been implicated in regulation of the expression of genes important for fermentative growth and for growth under conditions of low oxygen tension in several Gram-positive bacteria. Rex senses the redox poise of the cell through changes in the NADH/NAD(+) ratio. The crystal structures of...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Wang E,Bauer MC,Rogstam A,Linse S,Logan DT,von Wachenfeldt C

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reversible protein acetylation is established as a modification of major regulatory significance. In particular, histone acetylation regulates access to genetic information in eukaryotes. For example, class I and class II histone deacetylases are regulatory components of corepressor complexes involved in cell cycle pr...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Ingram AK,Horn D

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage PRD1 is a tailless membrane-containing double-stranded (ds) DNA virus infecting a variety of Gram-negative bacteria. In order to affect cell lysis, like most dsDNA phages, PRD1 uses the holin-endolysin system. In this study, we identified two accessory lysis genes, XXXVI and XXXVII, coding for proteins P...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Krupovic M,Cvirkaite-Krupovic V,Bamford DH

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The streptococcal antigen I/II (AgI/II)-family polypeptides are cell wall-anchored adhesins expressed by most indigenous oral streptococci. Proteins sharing 30-40% overall amino acid sequence similarities with AgI/II-family proteins are also expressed by Streptococcus pyogenes. The S. pyogenes M28_Spy1325 polypeptide ...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Maddocks SE,Wright CJ,Nobbs AH,Brittan JL,Franklin L,Strömberg N,Kadioglu A,Jepson MA,Jenkinson HF

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT) is a protein secreted by enterotoxigenic (ETBF) strains of B. fragilis. BFT is synthesized as a proprotein (proBFT) that is predicted to be a lipoprotein and that is cleaved into two discrete fragments by a clostripain-like protease called fragipain (Fpn). In this study, we obtained ev...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Pierce JV,Fellows JD,Anderson DE,Bernstein HD

更新日期：2020-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Although cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent cells in the filaments of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria have been known for decades, the existence also of a continuous periplasm along the filaments raised the possibility that alternative modes of communication between cells could be utilized. The latter hypothesis was i...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Haselkorn R

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains several multicopy gene families, including var, rifin, stevor and Pfmc-2TM. These gene families undergo expression switching and appear to play a role in antigenic variation. It has recently been shown that forcing parasites to express high copy numbers...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Howitt CA,Wilinski D,Llinás M,Templeton TJ,Dzikowski R,Deitsch KW

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophages are present in virtually all ecosystems, and bacteria have developed multiple antiphage strategies to counter their attacks. Clostridium difficile is an important pathogen causing severe intestinal infections in humans and animals. Here we show that the conserved cell-surface protein CwpV provides antip...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Sekulovic O,Ospina Bedoya M,Fivian-Hughes AS,Fairweather NF,Fortier LC

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi controls light production (lux) by an elaborate quorum-sensing circuit. V. harveyi produces and responds to two different autoinducer signals (AI-1 and AI-2) to modulate the luciferase structural operon (luxCDABEGH) in response to changes in cell-population density. U...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Lilley BN,Bassler BL

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of complex developmental processes involving vegetative swarming and fruiting body formation. Social (S-) gliding motility, one of the two motility systems used by M. xanthus, requires at least two cell surface structures: type IV pili (TFP) and extracellular pol...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Yang Z,Lux R,Hu W,Hu C,Shi W

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renewed interest in gene amplification stems from its importance in evolution and a variety of medical problems ranging from drug resistance to cancer. However, amplified DNA segments (amplicons) are not fully characterized in any organism. Here we report a novel Acinetobacter baylyi system for genome-wide studies. Am...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Seaton SC,Elliott KT,Cuff LE,Laniohan NS,Patel PR,Neidle EL

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three u.v.-induced mutants of the purine-cytosine permease gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with altered apparent Michaelis constant of transport (Kmapp), were cloned and sequenced. One of the mutants had extensive nucleotide replacement, whereas the other two had a single mutation. To evaluate the contribution of th...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Bloch JC,Sychrova H,Souciet JL,Jund R,Chevallier MR

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria which undergo a unique developmental cycle, alternating between non-replicative elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative reticulate bodies (RBs). The transition from RB to EB is characterized by condensation of the chromosome into a dense nucleoid structure. The chlamydial...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Barry CE 3rd,Brickman TJ,Hackstadt T

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene cbhA from the cellulolytic bacterium Cellulomonas fimi encodes a protein of 872 amino acids designated cellobiohydrolase A (CbhA). Mature CbhA contains 832 amino acid residues and has a predicted molecular mass of 85,349 Da. It is composed of five domains: an N-terminal catalytic domain, three repeated sequen...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Meinke A,Gilkes NR,Kwan E,Kilburn DG,Warren RA,Miller RC Jr

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Formation of the asymmetrically located septum divides sporulating bacilli into two distinct cells: the mother cell and the prespore. The rigidifying wall material in the septum is subsequently removed by autolysis. Examination of published electron micrographs indicates that the two septal membranes then fuse to form...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Higgins ML,Piggot PJ

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is now well established that the sigma S subunit of RNA polymerase is a master regulator in a complex regulatory network that governs the expression of many stationary-phase-inducible genes in Escherichia coli. In this review, more recent findings will be summarized that demonstrate that sigma S also acts as a glob...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Hengge-Aronis R

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new locus required for type 4 pilus biogenesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been identified. A pilE mutant, designated MJ-6, was broadly resistant to pili-specific phages and unable to translocate across solid surfaces by the pilus-dependent mechanism of twitching motility (Twt-). Immunoblot analysis demonstrated t...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Russell MA,Darzins A

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00