Abstract：
:Much has been written recently on osteoclast biology, but this cell type still astonishes scientists with its multifaceted functions and unique properties. The last three decades have seen a change in thinking about the osteoclast, from a cell with a single function, which just destroys the tissue it belongs to, to an "orchestrator" implicated in the concerted regulation of bone turnover. Osteoclasts have unique morphological features, organelle distribution and plasma membrane domain organization. They require polarization to cause extracellular bone breakdown and release of the digested bone matrix products into the circulation. Osteoclasts contribute to the control of skeletal growth and renewal. Alongside other organs, including kidney, gut, thyroid and parathyroid glands, they also affect calcemia and phosphatemia. Osteoclasts are very sensitive to pro-inflammatory stimuli, and studies in the '00s ascertained their tight link with the immune system, bringing about the question why bone needs a cell regulated by the immune system to remove the extracellular matrix components. Recently, osteoclasts have been demonstrated to contribute to the hematopoietic stem cell niche, controlling local calcium concentration and regulating the turnover of factors essential for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Finally, osteoclasts are important regulators of osteoblast activity and angiogenesis, both by releasing factors stored in the bone matrix, and secreting "clastokines" that regulate the activity of neighboring cells. All these facets will be discussed in this review article, with the aim of underscoring The Great Beauty of the osteoclast.
journal_name
Arch Biochem Biophysjournal_title
Archives of biochemistry and biophysicsauthors
Cappariello A,Maurizi A,Veeriah V,Teti Adoi
10.1016/j.abb.2014.08.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-01 00:00:00pages
13-21eissn
0003-9861issn
1096-0384pii
S0003-9861(14)00309-9journal_volume
561pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Much effort has focused on the identification of MAPK cascades that are activated by the MEKK family of protein kinases. However, direct phosphorylation and regulation of the MEKK proteins has not been shown. To address this question, we have expressed recombinant (His)6FLAG.MEKK3 in Sf9 insect cells and tethered the ...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00464-2
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Active, wild-type v-Src and its kinase-dead double Y416F-K295N mutant were expressed in hamster fibroblasts. Expression of the active v-Src induced activation of endogenous c-Src and increased general protein-tyrosine phosphorylation in the infected cells. Expression of the kinase-dead mutant induced hypophosphorylati...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2006.09.011
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Vanadate-dependent oxidation of NADH by xanthine oxidase does not require the presence of xanthine and therefore is not due to cooxidation. Addition of NADH or xanthine had no effect on the oxidation of the other substrate. Oxidation of NADH was high at acid pH and oxidation of xanthine was high at alkaline pH. The sp...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(86)90643-0
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in inflammatory process. Acute lung injury (ALI), an inflammatory disorder of the lung, is commonly associated with endotoxemia; however, the mechanism that endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) induces the inflammatory response in ALI is not well defined. Here, we showed,...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2008.09.019
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, we synthesized and characterized vanadyl saccharides to evaluate the effects of various vanadate and vanadyl complexes, which differ in their oxidation states on various biomacromolecules and cellular activities (1, 2). Here, we report that both vanadate (+V oxidation state) and different vanadyl species (+I...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1997.0394
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), an extracellular hemoflavoenzyme produced by the cellulose-degrading cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, oxidizes cellobiose to cellobionolactone. CDH has been purified to homogeneity by a five-step purification procedure. The homogeneous CDH is monomeric and has a relative molecul...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1993.1098
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of natural or synthetic compounds as AGE inhibitors have been proposed, discovered or currently being advanced by others and us. We have identified two new classes of aromatic compounds; aryl- (and heterocyclic) ureido and aryl (and heterocyclic) carboxamido phenoxyisobutyric acids, and benzoic acid derivativ...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2003.08.009
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolite 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an early committed intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of heme and chlorophyll formation. In plants, 5-aminolevulinic acid is synthesized via a two-step pathway in which glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) is reduced by glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) reductase (GluTR) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde,...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1999.1505
更新日期：1999-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrogen peroxide triggers a redox cycle between methemoglobin and ferrylhemoglobin, leading to protein inactivation and oxygen evolution. In the present paper, the catalase-like oxygen production by human methemoglobin in the presence of H(2)O(2) was kinetically characterized with a Clark-type electrode. Progress cur...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2011.09.006
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and many other phospholipids activated calmodulin (CaM)-dependent phosphatase in the presence or absence of Ca2+, and the stimulation was more pronounced in the presence of Ca2+. In addition, PtdIns modulated the response of phosphatase to CaM: at low and nonstimulatory concentrations (le...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(89)90005-2
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chondrocytes of adult articular cartilage rely upon transport phenomena within their avascular extracellular matrix for many biological activities. Therefore, changes in matrix structure which influence cytokine transport parameters may be an important mechanism involved in the chondrocyte response to tissue compr...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.2000.2077
更新日期：2000-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:2,2'-Anhydro-3'-deoxy-5-ethyluridine, a new pyrimidine nucleoside analog, has been examined in terms of its binding potency to uridine phosphorylase, and its conformation in solution (NMR) was studied. 2,2'-Anhydro-3'-deoxy-5-ethyluridine has a Ki value of 3.4 microM for uridine phosphorylase from rat intestinal mucos...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(91)90001-y
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oxidation of 2-(methylseleno)benzanilide and 2-selenylbenzanilide, metabolites of the antioxidant drug ebselen, was examined in reactions catalyzed by rat, pig, and guinea pig liver microsomes and in perfused rat liver. Microsomes from all three species catalyzed NADPH- and oxygen-dependent oxidation of the seleni...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1995.1031
更新日期：1995-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:USP17 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that is upregulated in numerous cancers and therefore a drug target. We developed a robust expression, purification, and assay system for USP17 enabling its enzymatic and structural characterization. USP17 was expressed in E. coli as inclusion bodies and then solubilized, refolded, a...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.008
更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Archaeal replication machinery represents a core version of this in eukaryotes. The crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus has the potential to be a powerful model system to understand the central mechanism of eukaryotic DNA replication because it contains three active origins of replication and three eukaryote-like Orc...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2008.01.007
更新日期：2008-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:gG.2 glycoprotein was purified by H966 monoclonal antibodies linked to Sepharose from herpes simplex virus type 2-infected HEp-2 cells labeled with [3H] glucosamine. The glycoprotein was subjected to Pronase digestion and the glycopeptides were fractionated by Con A-Sepharose in a major fraction (88.5% of total radioa...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(85)90097-9
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT), ALA taken up by tumor cells is metabolized to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which sensitizes photodamage leading to apoptotic or necrotic cell death. Since lipophilic PpIX originates in mitochondria, we postulated that photoperoxidation of highly unsaturated...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2004.09.025
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:L-ribulokinase is unusual among kinases since it phosphorylates all four 2-ketopentoses with almost the same k(cat) values. The K(m)'s differ, however, being 0.14 mM for L- and 0.39 mM for d-ribulose and 3.4 mM for l- and 16 mM for d-xylulose. In addition, L-arabitol is phosphorylated at C-5 (K(m) 4 mM) and ribitol (a...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.2001.2613
更新日期：2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:delta 2-Isopentenylpyrophosphate:5'AMP delta 2-isopentenyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of isopentenyl-AMP from delta 2-isopentenylpyrophosphate and 5'AMP, was purified 6800-fold from the fruiting body of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum using several separation procedures including 5'AMPo...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(84)90446-6
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) catalyzes the oxidation of sulfide to polysulfide chains or elemental sulfur coupled to quinone reduction via a non-covalent FAD cofactor. We investigated the role of the FAD using kinetics and EPR spectroscopy. The properties of the enzyme were compa...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2014.09.016
更新日期：2014-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Free and endoplasmic reticulum-bound polyribosomes from rat heart were examined for their ferritin mRNA content. A procedure for separation and purification of the two ribosome populations that produced good yields of homogeneous mono- and polyribosomes with no contaminating ultrastructures and gave distinctive sedime...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(89)90165-3
更新日期：1989-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A theoretical and experimental study has been made of the advancing elution profile in frontal gel chromatography of interacting systems for which the elution volume of the complex is smaller than that of the larger reactant. First, Gilbert-Jenkins theory is used to delineate the form of the elution profile from the m...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(87)90427-9
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of novel peptidyl-alpha-ketoamide compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of the deltaNS3-NS4A serine protease from the hepatitis C virus. These peptidyl-alpha-ketoamide inhibitors with Ki values ranging from 0.17 nM to 5.6 microM exhibited slow-binding inhibition. Kinetic studies established one-step kinetic ...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2003.11.013
更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The secondary structures of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) have been assigned and semiquantitatively estimated from the deconvoluted Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrum. The changes in the secondary structures accompanying unfolding and refolding of SNase during reversible thermal denaturation up to 70 degre...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1996.0151
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex, catalyst for the rate-limiting step of branched-chain amino acid catabolism, is controlled by a highly specific protein kinase (branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase) that associates tightly with the complex. The activity state (proportion of the en...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1995.1022
更新日期：1995-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Ferredoxin reductase (Fd-reductase) supplies reducing equivalents obtained from NADPH to mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes via the small iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin. Two cDNAs (differing by the presence or absence of an 18-bp insert in the coding region) for the human Fd-reductase were subcloned into a newly co...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(92)90749-m
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of chalcone synthase in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis during organogenesis of oat primary leaves has been investigated at the level of enzyme activity and mRNA translation in vitro. Chalcone synthase was purified about 500-fold. The apparent Km values were 1.5 and 6.3 microM for 4-coumaroyl-CoA and...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(86)90738-1
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of chelators and ascorbic acid to mobilize iron from crocidolite, amosite, medium- and short-fiber chrysotile, and tremolite was investigated. Ferrozine, a strong Fe(II) chelator, mobilized Fe(II) from crocidolite (6.6 nmol/mg asbestos/h) and amosite (0.4 nmol/mg/h) in 50 mM NaCl, pH 7.5. Inclusion of asco...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(90)90231-m
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper reports a quantitative investigation on the binding of aluminum to human serum albumin. Equilibrium dialysis and a general thermodynamic approach have been used to determine the binding parameters. Two aluminum binding sites have been identified on the albumin molecule, involving sites with single an...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0003-9861(03)00320-5
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:We searched for polyphenols capable of inhibiting the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and investigated the mechanisms of two effective chalcones cardamonin and flavokawain B on differentiation of preadipocytes. METHOD AND RESULTS:We treated 3T3-L1 cells with a panel of 46 polyphenols and measured intracellular...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.008
更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00
