Abstract:
:Rats injected with lithium chloride after exposure to a taste or olfactory stimulus learn stronger aversions to these cues if the drug is administered in two small injections 35 min apart than if all of the drug is given in a single injection. This facilitation of conditioning produced by distribution of the drug unconditioned stimulus occurs with both low and high lithium doses (Experiments 1 and 2), is more evident in male than in female rats (Experiment 1), and is directly related to the amount of the flavored solution consumed prior to drug treatment (Experiment 4). Increasing the interval between two small drug injections beyond an optimal value results in a progressive loss of the facilitation of conditioning (Experiments 2 and 3), and the optimal drug distribution interval may be shorter for olfactory cues (Experiment 3) than for taste stimuli (Experiments 1 and 2). Control observations (Experiments 5A and 5B) showed that the drug distribution effect is not due to handling or other non-drug factors involved in giving two rather than only one injection. The phenomenon is consistent with recently-proposed models of conditioning and suggests that the differential effectiveness of various drugs in taste aversion conditioning may be related to differences in the time course of the unconditioned drug effects.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Domjan M,Foster K,Gillan DJdoi
10.1016/0031-9384(79)90203-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-11-01 00:00:00pages
931-8issue
5eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
0031-9384(79)90203-8journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Human locomotion, as a behavioral system, is well suited for investigating the interplay of learning with innate biological mechanisms. The present work assembled, from previous findings, a test battery of operant conditioning to modify strong ongoing electromyographic (EMG) activity of the left tibialis anterior (TA)...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90130-7
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the study was to confirm the satiety/energy intake effect of a novel fat emulsion (Olibra) versus placebo in the short term. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design was used. 41 subjects participated in the study (n=21: junior-normal weight: age 23.7+/-2.8 years; BMI: 22.0+/-1...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.05.006
更新日期:2008-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical blockade of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) by single microinjections of pentobarbital in ad lib fed male Wistar rats induced a meal that did not outlast a 10-min postinjection period. When food was presented only after this period, feeding was nearly absent. Repeating the injection after 10 and 20 min le...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90055-4
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.021
更新日期:2006-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::GPRC6A is an amino acid-sensing receptor highly expressed in the brain and in skeletal muscle. Although recent evidence suggests that genetically engineered GPRC6A receptor knockout (KO) mice are susceptible to develop subtle endocrine and metabolic disturbances, the underlying disruptions in energy metabolism are lar...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.015
更新日期:2013-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::The cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway is negatively modulated by group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), and the cross-talk that occurs between these receptors may modulate learning and memory. To examine the relationship among cAMP/PKA-signaling pathway activity, group II mGluRs, and learning and me...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.12.010
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(84)90035-0
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.016
更新日期:2011-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::The question addressed was whether removal of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the male rat would produce observable deficits in sexual behavior. Both sexually naive and sexually experienced males were used and each animal was given more than 12 hours to mate with a receptive female. Although sexual arousal was depresse...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90215-5
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Winning competitions has been shown to lead to higher testosterone (T) relative to losing in men and males of other species. In Experiment 1, 38 women and 37 men provided a saliva sample, completed a novel computer-based vocabulary competition task at which they won or lost based on their own ability, provided feedbac...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.11.017
更新日期:2007-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Challenging animals with a demanding situation they are able to cope with and where they are rewarded may be a source of positive emotions and possibly of increased welfare. In order to test if this results in changes of immunological parameters and wound healing, 56 pigs (7-20 weeks of age), housed in groups of 8 ani...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.001
更新日期:2006-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of cage size on spontaneous locomotor rhythms of laboratory mice was studied under simulated light-dark (12:12) cycles. On-line image analysis of bodily displacement yielded a locomotor signal over a period of 3 days. Continuous wavelet transform was applied to the signal, and ensemble averaging of eight mi...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00305-3
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.006
更新日期:2012-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies showed that when socially isolated at 22 degrees C, postnatal day 14 rats, but not younger day 7 rats, reduce their emission of ultrasonic vocalizations when exposed to an unfamiliar adult male rat, a naturalistic threat. Because ultrasound production is associated with factors such as age and body te...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90336-z
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.010
更新日期:2012-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Single administrations of LiCl in fluid deprived pigeons produced immediate and sustained drinking which was (a) significantly greater than in NaCl-injected birds, (b) a function of the dosage of lithium, and (c) persistent for several days following the highest dosage used. Experiment 2 employed the same procedures t...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(79)90191-4
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexually experienced male rats display penile erections when exposed to faeces from mammalian females in oestrus (Rampin et al., Behav Brain Res, 172:169, 2006), suggesting that specific odours indicate female receptiveness across species. However, it is unknown to what extent the sexual response observed results from...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.07.012
更新日期:2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the effects of alcohol on appetite and food intake, 26 males attended the laboratory on three occasions. On each occasion, they were given a standard breakfast. Visual analog scale ratings of hunger, desire to eat and fullness (appetite ratings) were recorded from before breakfast until their return to ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00598-4
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments, startle responses to brief intense tone-bursts (30 msec, 110 dB, 6000 Hz) and single pulse (0.1 msec) stimulation of the cochlear nucleus and the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis are studied under high pressures of heliox (from 0 bar to 50 bars) in the rat. For each rat (N = 12), mean amplitud...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90076-5
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Feeding in vertebrates is controlled by a number of appetite stimulating (orexigenic, e.g., orexin and neuropeptide Y, NPY) and appetite suppressing (anorexigenic, e.g., cholecystokinin, CCK and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, CART) hormones. Cunners (Tautogolabrus adspersus) survive the winter in shall...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.06.022
更新日期:2013-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.004
更新日期:2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The dual aim of this research is, firstly, to analyze the physiological and unconscious emotional response of consumers to a new technological product and, secondly, link this emotional response to consumer conscious verbal reports of positive and negative product perceptions. In order to do this, biometrics and self-...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.023
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two series of experiments were designed to investigate the effects of protein composition of the first solid food consumed by young rat pups on their subsequent protein intake after weaning. In the first series of experiments, pups were allowed access to the maternal diet between 17 and 21 days of age, then weaned to ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90015-6
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoamines and their metabolites levels were simultaneously measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in brain regions of lean and fatty Zucker rats when fed ad lib and deprived of food for 72 hr to evaluate each monoamine metabolism. Metabolite/monoamine ratios were shown for brevity to represent its metabol...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90311-3
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Feather pecking in laying hens is a serious behavioral problem and is often associated with feather eating. There is some evidence that ingested feathers affect gut function. The aim of the present study was to explore whether differences in intestinal microbial metabolites in laying hens with high and low levels of r...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.12.017
更新日期:2013-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was a description of hormonal profiles in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) in estrus that was induced by male exposure versus postpartum estrus. Hormonal profiles are reported in sexually naive females and in sexually experienced females, as a function of varying amounts of ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(89)90195-9
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phencyclidine (PCP) treatment induces social withdrawal in the rat model of schizophrenia but little is known about the qualitative adequacy of behaviors displayed during interactions. Affiliative, avoidance, and aggressive behaviors were examined in rats 20 h after the 1st, the 8th, and the 15th injection of 10 mg/kg...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.11.002
更新日期:2009-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined responsiveness of newborn rats to a surrogate nipple providing fluids with basic tastes (sweet, sour, bitter and salty) and assessed the effects of this first gustatory experience on subsequent responding to the nipple itself (empty nipple) or the nipple providing water. Responsiveness (atta...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00672-2
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reward-related stimuli come to acquire incentive salience through Pavlovian learning and become capable of controlling reward-oriented behaviors. Here, we examined individual differences in anticipatory activity elicited by reward-related cues as indicative of how animals attribute incentive salience to otherwise neut...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.012
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intake of saline (NaCl) solutions and water by males of two inbred strains of mice [C57BL/6J (C57) and 129/J] were examined using 48-h, two-bottle preference tests. There was a large strain difference in saline intake: at moderate concentrations (0.075-0.150 M) C57 mice tended to reject saline relative to water, where...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90063-l
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00