Abstract：
:Signs in the fundus oculi, long regarded as prognostic in hypertensive disease, have been shown to be subject to gross observer error and bias when assessed in conventional ways. The authors describe unconventional ways of assessing diminution of vascularity in a population sample of men aged 50 and also in a group of hospital patients.They show that a method simple enough to be learnt by a schoolboy in 20 minutes gives information that is more precise and less biased than data obtained by more conventional means. Standards can be prepared and the information is quantitative.The unconventional data are closely related to the level of hypertension. Some anomalies in the data, possible ways of improving them and ways of testing their relation to prognosis are discussed.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Kagan A,Aurell E,Tibblin Gsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1967-01-01 00:00:00pages
231-41issue
2eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract：Objective:To estimate the average treatment effect of working past the current retirement age on the health of Japanese men. Methods:We used publicly available data from the National Survey of Japanese Elderly, extracting a sample of 1288 men who were 60 years or older. Survey respondents were followed-up for at most ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.215764
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reaction that occurs on direct radioelectrocomplexing (REC) between hepatitis B antibody (HB Ab) and (125)I-labelled HB Ag can be inhibited by unlabelled HB Ag. Inhibition of REC provides a rapid, sensitive method for the detection of HB Ag. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The findings in a highly selected group of patients, such as those attending clinics or sanatoria, cannot be used as the basis for assessing the true prevalence of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with acquired or primary resistance or of sensitive strains in a community. The present report describes the prevalen...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes the organization of an epidemiological survey, carried out by the Lipid Centre of the Institute of Experimental Medicine in Leningrad, particularly the ways in which subjects were recruited. The different methods of recruitment resulted in a total population response of 78.14%. A time index is int...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An attempt was made to assess the protective influence of killed intranasal influenza B vaccine against a homologous virus challenge. Two types of trial were performed. In the first of these, the vaccine was compared with an inert placebo and, in the second, with conventional homologous and heterologous parenteral vac...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smallpox vaccinations were performed in a well-vaccinated prison population by multiple-pressure technique and by intradermal jet injection using serial dilutions of vaccine. A total of 140 subjects were divided into groups, and each group was vaccinated by the multiple-pressure technique or by jet injection using 1 o...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A meeting was held to outline a comprehensive research plan, based on recent advances in biomedical sciences, for the development of improved methods for the control of tuberculosis. Such a plan requires a stepwise approach. The meeting focused on the initial activities to be carried out and on setting priorities.In t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antigenic structure of eight strains of influenza A viruses of avian origin was investigated by haemagglutination inhibition, virus neutralization and strain-specific complement fixation. All strains could be distinguished from each other, but certain cross-reactions were observed allowing the establishment of fou...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1965-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper an analysis of genetic recombinants derived from crosses between two mutant stocks of Vibrio cholerae, strain 162, differing from one another in nutritional requirements and other characters, is presented. It is shown that parent strains possessing a fertility factor (designated as the P factor) function...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on studies carried out by the author and his associates in areas of Japan and South Asia where malayan and bancroftian filariasis is endemic, this paper recommends methods for use in microfilaria surveys and in the analysis of data obtained in such surveys. The author recommends the use of measured blood samples...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Described are the results of an international collaborative study to evaluate the use of whole blood samples spotted on filter-paper (BSP) for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). BSP samples were collected from 40 patients at risk for HIV-1 infection and tested blindly using com...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the course of a research project on atherosclerosis, an international group of pathologists studied lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries obtained at autopsy from 3174 subjects from Czechoslovakia, Sweden and the USSR in an effort to determine what factors, recognizable in life, might be used to predict the pr...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1965-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The health of prisoners is among the poorest of any population group and the apparent inequalities pose both a challenge and an opportunity for country health systems. The high rates of imprisonment in many countries, the resulting overcrowding, characteristics of prison populations and the disproportionate prevalence...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.10.082842
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a complex community intervention in rural Zambia improved understanding of maternal health and increased use of maternal health-care services. METHODS:The intervention took place in six rural districts selected by the Zambian Ministry of Health. It involved community discussions on safe ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.122721
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article surveys the attitudes and perceptions of a random sample of the elderly population in three regions of Italy on the use and efficacy of influenza vaccine. The data were collected by direct interviews using a standard questionnaire. The results show that vaccination coverage against influenza is inadequate...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The feeding habits of 15 species of Glossina have been studied by the identification of their blood meals. Representative samples of the blood meals from each of these species of tsetse fly and from different habitats were collected and 22 640 blood meals were identified. The feeding patterns are characteristic for ea...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1963-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents a nomenclature system for allergens which has been officially recommended by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The nomenclature is based on proposals of the IUIS Sub-Committee for Allergen Nomenclature and is applicable to highly purified, well-characterized allergens and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Manpower projections for oral health are generally held to be more accurate than those for other health sectors since the diseases involved and their treatment times can be predicted more precisely. Nevertheless most oral health manpower projections are either overestimates or are not in line with the resources of ind...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of violence against mothers on mortality risks for their offspring before 5 years of age in Nicaragua. METHODS:From a demographic database covering a random sample of urban and rural households in Le n, Nicaragua, we identified all live births among women aged 15-49 years. Cases wer...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of three years of data from a malaria clinic operated by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in the Government Medical College Hospital in Jabalpur, central India, showed a high malaria prevalence among pregnant women, which was statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001) compared with the situati...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tamiami virus produces a lethal encephalitis in suckling mice, and the illness is mediated, at least in part, by cellular immunity. Infection of extraneural organs, including lymphoid organs, is limited. The same virus produces a widespread infection in its natural host, the cotton rat, but neither symptomatic illness...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The idea that malaria in South-East Asia is synonymous with adult malaria is questioned in this paper. In the Lao People's Democratic Republic, community-based malariometric data were collected in Savannakhet Province, which shares borders with Viet Nam in the east and Thailand in the west. The data indicate that ende...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Sustainable control of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is jeopardized by dwindling public health resources resulting from competing health priorities that include an overwhelming acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. In Mpumalanga province, South Africa, rational planning has historically been ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of measles immunization on diarrhea morbidity and mortality are reviewed using data from field studies and theoretical calculations. 2 types of measles-associated diarrhea are distinguished: with-measles diarrhea, which starts between 1 week prerash-onset and 4 weeks postrash-onset, and postmeasles diarr...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Rubella vaccine is not included in the immunization schedule in Myanmar. Although surveillance for outbreaks of measles and rubella is conducted nationwide, there is no routine surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Therefore, we organized a study to assess the burden of CRS. METHODS:From 1 Dece...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.05.022814
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The total cost of the Expanded Programme on Immunization and of its various components in the Gambia over a period of one year (from July 1980 to June 1981) was investigated, and the costs per immunization dose and per fully immunized child were calculated. The total costs were to a large extent (45%) due to the cost ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes the essential components of oral health information systems for the analysis of trends in oral disease and the evaluation of oral health programmes at the country, regional and global levels. Standard methodology for the collection of epidemiological data on oral health has been designed by WHO ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：/S0042-96862005000900014
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper summarizes recent thinking on stimulating industrial research and development (R&D) for neglected infectious diseases and argues that it is critical to enlarge the value of the market for medicines and vaccines through, for example, global purchase funds. The most important economic barriers to R&D are that...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With an increasing number of malaria eradication programmes approaching or entering the consolidation phase, the epidemiological features of disappearing malaria are getting better known and defined. At the same time, the old classical methods of measuring malaria prevalence have become inadequate and new methods for ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes the preparation and test procedures for a second batch of lyophilized LBM combination antiserum pools, A through H, used for identifying 42 enteroviruses. Each pool is selectively composed of 10 or 11 of 42 individual enterovirus equine sera so that it contains 500 antibody units of each serum com...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
