Abstract:
:Smallpox vaccinations were performed in a well-vaccinated prison population by multiple-pressure technique and by intradermal jet injection using serial dilutions of vaccine. A total of 140 subjects were divided into groups, and each group was vaccinated by the multiple-pressure technique or by jet injection using 1 of 3 vaccine dilutions with the following calculated titres: ID-Jet 1 = 10(7.0) TCID(50)/ml, ID-Jet 1a = 10(6.3) TCID(50)/ml, ID-Jet 2 = 10(6.0) TCID(50)/ml. Clinical observations were made at intervals during the first week after vaccination. Prevaccination and post-vaccination serum samples were obtained immediately before and 30 days after the vaccination. Results based on clinical and serological evaluations indicated that smallpox vaccination by jet injection with the ID-Jet 1 vaccine was at least as efficacious as vaccination by the standard multiple-pressure technique.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Neff JM,Millar JD,Roberto RR,Wulff Hsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1969-01-01 00:00:00pages
771-8issue
6eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
41pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::A number of drugs and drug combinations were tested both in vitro and in vivo against pathogens causing actinomycetoma and maduromycetoma. Of 144 patients with actinomycetoma treated, 63.2% were cured, 21.5% showed great improvement in their condition, and 11.1% showed some improvement. Treatment was successful even w...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the screening measures that would have been required to assess all travellers at risk of transporting A(H1N1)pdm09 out of Mexico by air at the start of the 2009 pandemic. METHODS:Data from flight itineraries for travellers who flew from Mexico were used to estimate the number of international air...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.12.114777
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumours of the pancreas occur most commonly in dogs and cats and only rarely in other domestic species. The incidence of neoplasms, both exocrine and endocrine, increases with age. Exocrine adenocarcinomas are the most common malignant tumours and have three fairly distinct morphological patterns: small tubular, large...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To investigate multicontaminant air pollution in Chinese cities, to quantify the urban population affected and to explore the relationship between air pollution and urban population size. Methods:We obtained data for 155 cities with 276 million inhabitants for 2014 from China's air quality monitoring network...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.17.195560
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The findings in a highly selected group of patients, such as those attending clinics or sanatoria, cannot be used as the basis for assessing the true prevalence of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with acquired or primary resistance or of sensitive strains in a community. The present report describes the prevalen...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent investigations have revealed that monkeypox virus infections occur with a high prevalence in several species of squirrels belonging to the genus Funisciurus, less frequently in squirrels of the genus Heliosciurus, and rarely in forest-dwelling primates. These squirrels commonly inhabit the secondary forests aro...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among 1109 patients with bacteriologically confirmed El Tor cholera admitted to the San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, in 1969, 11 patients continued to excrete vibrios of the same biotype and serotype in stools for more than 1 week in spite of antibiotic treatment.The strains isolated from these patients all belonged to th...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lyophilized cells for the passive (formerly indirect) haemagglutination test for malaria were tested in a small field trial. A comparison was made with results obtained with samples from the same persons by another method in another laboratory (Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA). The use of lyophilized cell...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For several years after the First World War calcium oxide was the main compound used in the control of Oncomelania nosophora in Japan. This was generally replaced in 1944 by calcium cyanamide; since 1952 the prefectural authorities in areas of endemic bilharziasis have increasingly turned to the use of sodium pentachl...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the prevalence of multiple types of maltreatment (MTM), potentially confounding factors and associations with depression, anxiety and self-esteem among adolescents in Viet Nam. METHODS:In 2006 we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2591 students (aged 12-18 years; 52.1% female) from randomly-sel...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.08.060061
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment received by children aged under 5 years with diarrhoea was studied in the Hospital Infantil de México (Federico Goméz), Mexico City. The costs of treatment were calculated and estimates were made of how these had changed since the establishment of an oral rehydration unit in the hospital in 1985. The res...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kenya's Constitution of 2010 triggered a cascade of reforms across all sectors to align with new constitutional standards, including devolution and a comprehensive bill of rights. The constitution acts as a platform to advance health rights and to restructure policy, legal, institutional and regulatory frameworks towa...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.19.237297
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To characterize patent and proprietary medicine vendors and shops in Nigeria and to assess their ability to help improve access to high-quality, primary health-care services. METHODS:In 2013 and 2014, a census of patent and proprietary medicine shops in 16 states of Nigeria was carried out to determine: (i) ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.15.154666
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of ringworm of the scalp in many countries, and the fact that many of the current measures to control it are inconvenient for mass use, lend particular interest to the account given in this paper of mass treatment of tinea capitis in an Arab village in Israel. A total of 446 cases were treated, on an am...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although none of the currently available methods of contraception can be considered ideal for use by adolescents, many come reasonably close. The present article reviews the relative benefits and risks associated with each method. Oral contraceptives (OCs) appear to bear few specific risks for adolescents. Pills co...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much has been learnt of the epidemiology of yaws during eradication campaigns in populations in which the prevalence of active yaws was high, but not all has been published. The recognition of the importance of latent cases in the maintenance of yaws has contributed to the effectiveness of these campaigns. Yaws eradic...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It remains unclear why there is such marked variation in the severity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic between African countries. The prevalence of HIV infection has reached high levels in many parts of southern Africa but in most countries of West Africa the levels are much lower. Although there is ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate, in Amhara, Ethiopia, the association between prevalence of active trachoma among children aged 1-9 years and community sanitation usage. METHODS:Between 2011 and 2014, prevalence of trachoma and household pit latrine usage were measured in five population-based cross-sectional surveys. Data o...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.16.177758
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lack of a simple and reliable test for sulfonamides has created a problem because of the increasing use of these drugs in the chemotherapy of malaria. This paper describes a modification of the Bratton-Marshall technique, for which the reagents are easily obtainable and which can be carried out in simply equipped ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infections with hepatitis A and B viruses are common in all parts of the world and constitute a major public health problem. The identification of specific antigenic markers of these viruses has led to the development of sensitive laboratory tests. These, in turn, have resulted in a better understanding of the epidemi...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine trends in the causes of death in a West African town. Mortality caused by infectious diseases is reported to be declining while degenerative and man-made mortality factors are increasingly significant. Most mortality analyses for sub-Saharan Africa have involved extrapolation and have not been de...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A field study was undertaken in Tampa, Fla., to assess the efficacy of subcutaneous and aerosol methods of administering vaccine, and to compare the protection afforded by bivalent (A2 and B) influenza virus vaccine and by A2/Hong Kong/68 virus vaccine. Further objectives of the study included a comparison of the effe...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thiomersal-iodine-formalin (TIF) has been used as a faecal preservative in many prevalence surveys of intestinal helminths and protozoa. In helminth surveys, however, estimates of worm burden are no less essential than those of prevalence. Direct-smear and dilution egg-counting techniques, using fresh faeces, have bee...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Administration of live influenza vaccine produces an asymptomatic immunizing infection of the respiratory tract with the appearance of antibodies in the secretions of the respiratory passages.Because of natural variation in the antigenic and biological properties of the influenza virus, new vaccines must be developed ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The WHO Bilharziasis Advisory Team made a survey in Upper Volta during May and June 1960. Data available indicate that S. haematobium is widely scattered throughout the country and that about 50% of the population, or more than 1.5 million people, are infected at some time during their lives. The examination of faeces...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1962-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The migration of health workers within and between countries is a growing concern worldwide because of its impact on health systems in developing and developed countries alike. Policy decisions need to be made at the national, regional and international levels to manage more effectively this phenomenon, but those deci...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:/S0042-96862004000800010
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report from the Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre, Madras, summarizes the progress over a 5-year period of 193 patients with newly diagnosed, sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to a concurrent comparison of home and sanatorium treatment for one year with isoniazid plus PAS. Previous reports h...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine if economic development in China correlates with physical growth among Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS:The height, body weight and physical activity level of children and adolescents aged 18 years and under, as well as dietary data, were obtained from seven large surveys conducted in Chi...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.13.126243
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of 10 000 compounds tested for tissue schizontocidal activity in a Plasmodium gallinaceum-chick model, 157 were also tested in a definitive mouse test (DMT) and 277 in a rhesus monkey test (RMT). The results in the avian model were 78% and 55% in agreement with those of the DMT and RMT, respectively. This result is no...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::E-health encompasses a diverse set of informatics tools that have been designed to improve public health and health care. Little information is available on the impacts of e-health programmes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We therefore conducted a scoping review of the published and non-published l...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.11.099069
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00