Abstract:
:Described are the results of an international collaborative study to evaluate the use of whole blood samples spotted on filter-paper (BSP) for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). BSP samples were collected from 40 patients at risk for HIV-1 infection and tested blindly using commercially available HIV antibody test kits, either specifically manufactured or modified for this purpose. Parallel serum samples were also collected, and the antibody reactivity was defined and confirmed by Western blot. The results demonstrate that recovery of antibodies from BSP samples after elution can be comparable to that from serum. Some kits can be easily adapted to test BSP samples, while others cannot. At present, detection of HIV antibodies in BSP samples should therefore be carried out using kits specifically manufactured for this purpose or by the development of a modified protocol using a panel of BSP and their corresponding serum specimens.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Lillo F,Varnier OE,Mantia E,Terragna A,van der Groen G,Van Kerckhoven I,Mortimer PP,Parry JV,Bayliss G,Tamashiro Hsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
323-6issue
3eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract::LATEX/IgM, a rapid agglutination test for the semi-quantitative detection of IgM in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with African trypanosomiasis, is described in this article. The lyophilized reagent has been designed for field use and remains stable at 45 degrees C for one year. The test has been evaluated on cerebro...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern vector control campaigns cannot be conducted efficiently and economically unless the organization is staffed with personnel having a high standard of training. Both professional and non-professional personnel are employed at different levels in the organization and the type of training they require depends upon...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1963-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to find out whether chemotherapy with isoniazid affects the virulence in the guinea-pig of tubercle bacilli that do not develop resistance to the drug, virulence tests were carried out on isoniazid-sensitive cultures obtained from 20 South Indian tuberculous patients before treatment and after three months of...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of resistance to chloroquine in rodent malaria is inhibited by giving this compound together with a potentiating mixture of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine but this does not prevent the development of resistance to the last two compounds. The use of drug mixtures should be explored as a means of "protecting"...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in low- and middle-income countries and identify factors associated with successful outcomes. METHODS:We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of HCV treatment programmes in low- and middle-income countries. T...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.11.097147
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stigma, discrimination and lack of legal recognition remain major barriers for transgender people to access the health services they need. Vijay Shankar Balakrishnan reports. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.2471/BLT.16.021116
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the impact of maternity waiting homes on the use of facility-based birthing services for women in two remote districts of Timor-Leste. METHODS:A before-and-after study design was used to compare the number of facility-based births in women who lived at different distances (0-5, 6-25, 26-50 and > 5...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.11.088955
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lack of a simple and reliable test for sulfonamides has created a problem because of the increasing use of these drugs in the chemotherapy of malaria. This paper describes a modification of the Bratton-Marshall technique, for which the reagents are easily obtainable and which can be carried out in simply equipped ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Density gradients with metrizamide, a tri-iodinated benzamido derivative of glucose, have been used to separate erythrocytes infected with three species of murine plasmodia. Uninfected erythrocytes separated well from erythrocytes containing parasites in different developmental stages. With metrizamide solutions, the ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunological characteristics of 26 strains of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) isolated in Japan and Malaya between 1935 and 1966 have been investigated mainly by the antibody-absorption variant of the haemagglutination-inhibition test, and to a certain extent also by conventional haemagglutination-inhibition an...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This literature review indicates that menstrual regulation during the fifth to seventh week of pregnancy is not always as free from risk as has sometimes been claimed. In particular, it has a higher failure rate, in terms of continued pregnancy, than has abortion by suction in later stages of pregnancy.Vacuum aspirati...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of oral ivermectin (IV) and two different modalities of topical benzyl benzoate (BB) for treating scabies in a community setting. METHODS:The trial included patients aged 5-65 years with scabies who attended the dermatology department at the Institut d'Hygiène Sociale in Dakar, S...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2471/blt.08.052308
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the association of meningococcal serogroups with the course of disease, we reviewed the case histories of 1221 patients. The meningococci from these patients constituted a sample from isolates collected and serogrouped systematically in the Netherlands since 1959. Of these 1221 isolates, 64% were serogroup B....
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic damage caused by chronic exposure to arsenic has been frequently described. Here we report on 13 patients from West Bengal, India, who consumed large amounts of arsenic in drinking water. An epidemiological investigation of the study area showed evidence of chronic arsenical dermatosis and hepatomegaly in 62 (...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several laboratories have reported a large number of plasmodial antigens that may be implicated in the immune-mediated protection against the asexual blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In order to establish relationships between the antigens reported by different laboratories, a comparative testing of 37 antibody r...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1995, the WHO Regional Office for Africa launched a logistics project to address the four main areas of immunization logistics: the cold chain, transport, vaccine supply and quality, and the safety of injections in the countries of the region. The impact of this logistic approach on immunization injection safety wa...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reaction that occurs on direct radioelectrocomplexing (REC) between hepatitis B antibody (HB Ab) and (125)I-labelled HB Ag can be inhibited by unlabelled HB Ag. Inhibition of REC provides a rapid, sensitive method for the detection of HB Ag. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic different approaches can be distinguished, reflecting professional backgrounds, world views and political interests. One important distinction is between the biomedical and the development paradigms. The biomedical paradigm is characterized by individualization and the concep...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria parasites in mice present a simplified rodent model for the immunological study of malaria. Experiments have been performed to determine the pattern and persistence of malaria antibody as detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test utilizing specific antimouse IgM and IgG conjugates. The antibody ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The feeding habits of 15 species of Glossina have been studied by the identification of their blood meals. Representative samples of the blood meals from each of these species of tsetse fly and from different habitats were collected and 22 640 blood meals were identified. The feeding patterns are characteristic for ea...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1963-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Rubella vaccine is not included in the immunization schedule in Myanmar. Although surveillance for outbreaks of measles and rubella is conducted nationwide, there is no routine surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Therefore, we organized a study to assess the burden of CRS. METHODS:From 1 Dece...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.05.022814
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical manifestations of acute poisoning by organophosphorus compounds in man are in accord with, initially, the stimulation and, later, the blocking of cholinergic transmission due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The manifestations involve mainly the para-sympathetic nerves, the neuromuscular junctions, and...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumours of the pancreas occur most commonly in dogs and cats and only rarely in other domestic species. The incidence of neoplasms, both exocrine and endocrine, increases with age. Exocrine adenocarcinomas are the most common malignant tumours and have three fairly distinct morphological patterns: small tubular, large...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In May 1963 a live vaccine prepared from streptomycin-dependent Shigella flexneri 2a was administered to 355 soldiers stationed in an area of Yugoslavia in which bacillary dysentery was hyperendemic. Five oral doses were given every third day. 382 unvaccinated soldiers from the same unit served as controls. Both group...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1965-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marion Koopmans tells Fiona Fleck why the world needs a publicly-funded network of hubs in all regions with local experts able to respond to infectious disease threats as they emerge. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 传,历史文章,新闻
doi:10.2471/BLT.18.030218
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of tobacco smoking on the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in Tbilisi, Georgia. METHODS:We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis from May 2011 to November 2013. History of tobacco smoking was collected using a standardized questionnaire ad...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.14.147439
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-Tritylmorpholine (Frescon, WL 8008) is highly toxic to the intermediate-host snails of the Schistosomatidae. Molluscicidal concentrations range from 0.1 ppm to 0.5 ppm for 1-hour exposures and from 0.01 ppm to 0.05 ppm for 24-hour exposures. Under these conditions the compound is not toxic to snail eggs; recent work...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pulse oximetry--compared with no peri-operative monitoring--during surgery in low-income countries. METHODS:We considered the use of tabletop and portable, hand-held pulse oximeters among patients of any age undergoing major surgery in low-income countries. From earlier ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.14.137315
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To raise awareness about the importance of public pharmaceutical standards, identify if and, if so, where current pharmacopeias are falling short in the development of new and complete monographs and foster collaboration among the various pharmacopeias, to prioritize, develop and make available standards for ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.17.205807
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination of pre-school children in the 1-7-years age-group for the specific prophylaxis of mumps and rubella is often difficult to arrange because of the already large number of inoculations given to these children. Combined vaccines to protect against measles, mumps and rubella should therefore be a valuable devel...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00