Abstract:
:1. Electron microscope studies using ruthenium red, horseradish peroxidase, and colloidal lanthanum disclosed a feature characteristic of the snake spindle capsule: it consists of a single layer of flattened cells connected in series, each of which forms a cylinder enclosing the intrafusal fiber. 2. In intact spindles none of the markers penetrated the capsule. The diffusion barrier appeared to be located along the intercellular space near the inner surface of the capsule layer. Through the openings at the ends of the capsule the marker gained access to the periaxial space, but only for a limited distance. 3. Through a punctured hole in the capsule, ruthenium red had access to the periaxial space, disclosing a dense network consisting of fine filaments and granular structures. Since this space was also shown to contain alcian blue-positive substrate, the network may represent acid mucopolysaccharide (probably hyaluronic acid + protein molecules), which may account for the observed limited longitudinal diffusion of this dye in the periaxial space. The intercellular space between the intrafusal fiber, the sensory ending, and the satellite cell was filled with ruthenium red, and no special junction was found between these cells. 4. Using glass microelectrodes, potential profiles across the sensory region of muscle spindles of the snake were examined. 5. When the electrode was advanced through the capsular region, two steps of negative potential were usually observed. The first negative step of 5-10 mV was confirmed by fluorescent dye injection to be due to penetration of the capsule. The second larger step of 40-60 mV negative to the bathing solution was demonstrated by the dye injection to be due to penetration of the intrafusal fiber. Occasionally, a negative potential of 20-30 mV relative to the bathing solution was also recorded. This potential, characterized by small spikelike potentials occurring in synchrony with nerve impulses, was considered to be due to penetration of the sensory ending. 6. both the capsule and the intrafusal fiber showed rectification to injected currents. From input resistance, input capacitance and surface area specific resistance and capacitance were estimated with some assumptions to be 4.1-4.8 k omega . cm2 and 5.1-14.3 micro F/cm2 for the capsule, and 1.1-2.8 k omega . cm2 and 11-23 micro F/cm2 for the intrafusal fiber. The intrafusal fiber of short-capsule spindles lacked an action potential, whereas that of long-capsule spindles responded with an all-or-none action potential to depolarizing current. 7. In about half of the short-capsule spindles examined (8/15), current injected through an intracellular electrode in the intrafusal fiber neither initiated impulses in the afferent axon nor affected background nerve activity. The rest of the spindles responded to depolarizing current with initiation of nerve impulses and concomitant maintained contraction of the intrafusal fiber during applied current...
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Fukami Ydoi
10.1152/jn.1982.47.5.810subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-05-01 00:00:00pages
810-26issue
5eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previous studies have reported that the translational vestibuloocular reflex (TVOR) follows a three-dimensional (3D) kinematic behavior that is more similar to visually guided eye movements, like pursuit, rather than the rotational VOR (RVOR). Accordingly, TVOR rotation axes tilted with eye position toward an eye-fixe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01137.2002
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ionic conductances controlled by type A and type B cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors were studied in neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV), using intracellular and whole-cell patch clamp recordings in current or voltage clamp configuration during bath applica...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2584
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large body of data suggests that the pontine respiratory group (PRG) is involved in respiratory phase-switching and the reconfiguration of the brain stem respiratory network. However, connectivity between the PRG and ventral respiratory column (VRC) in computational models has been largely ad hoc. We developed a net...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90416.2008
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is generally accepted that humans cannot perceive sounds in the frequency range above 20 kHz, the question of whether the existence of such "inaudible" high-frequency components may affect the acoustic perception of audible sounds remains unanswered. In this study, we used noninvasive physiological measure...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.6.3548
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We studied the effect of electrical stimulation of the peribrachial region (PBR) in the brain stem on the visual response of single cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) to a light slit presented in a series of positions across the receptive field. The response was plotted against slit position, giv...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.4.1644
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silencing-induced homeostatic plasticity is usually expressed as a change in the amplitude or the frequency of miniature postsynaptic currents. Here we report that, prolonged (approximately 24 h) silencing of mature (20-22 days in vitro) cultured hippocampal neurons using the voltage-gated sodium channel blocker tetro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90378.2008
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The properties of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) when the axis of rotation is behind the eyes and fixation of a near target is required were studied in the monkey. The magnitude of VOR gain in each eye was found to be above 1.0 and near the ideal value for stabilizing a retinal image. Evidence that this large VOR ga...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1986.56.2.439
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used electrophysiological techniques to document segmental differences in the pathways between the giant, escape command axons, lateral giants (LG) and medial giants (MG), and the nongiant, fast flexor (FF) motoneurons. We found no difference in the input from LG and MG axons to FF motoneurons in the posterior...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.53.1.252
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A preparation is described in which the thoracic ganglia of the crayfish are isolated together with the thoracocoxal muscle receptor organ (TCMRO) of the fourth leg. This preparation allows intracellular analysis of both centrally generated and reflex activity in leg motor neurons (MNs). The isolated thoracic ganglia ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1986.55.4.678
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that a subset of neurons in the rat anterodorsal thalamus discharge as a function of the animal's head direction (HD) in the horizontal plane, independent of the animal's location and behavior. These cells have consistent firing properties across a wide range of conditions and cell discharg...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00649.2009
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two of the biggest health problems facing us today are addiction to nicotine and the increased prevalence of obesity. Interestingly, nicotine attenuates obesity, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here we address the hypothesis that if weight-reducing actions of nicotine are mediated by anorexigenic proopiomel...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00740.2010
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated if visual direction-selective neurons in the pretectal area (APT) of goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) preferred visual stimuli resulting from rotations around axes corresponding to the best responsive axes of the semicircular canals [optic flow that is consistent to a maximal activation of the hori...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00415.2009
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The axons that project into the striatum are known to segregate according to macroscopic cortical systems; however, the within-region organization of these fibers has yet to be described in humans. We used in vivo fiber tractography, in neurologically healthy adults, to map white matter bundles that originate in diffe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00995.2011
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bladder and erectile dysfunction are common urologic complications of diabetes and are associated with reduced parasympathetic autonomic control. To determine whether disruption of ganglionic neurotransmission contributes to the loss of function, we investigated synaptic transmission at parasympathetic, major pelvic g...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00354.2012
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the influence of different modalities of target information (visual, kinesthetic) on the accuracy, kinematics, and interjoint coordination of pointing movements to remembered targets. The targets were presented by a robot arm in five locations in three-dimensional (3D) space, either as a point ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.2833
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular Ca2+ is influenced by both Ca2+ influx and release. We examined intracellular Ca2+ following action potential firing in the bag cell neurons of Aplysia californica. Following brief synaptic input, these neuroendocrine cells undergo an afterdischarge, resulting in elevated Ca2+ and the secretion of neurop...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90356.2008
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The dentate gyrus fails to develop epileptiform activity in many experimental models of epilepsy, including the in vitro low-Ca2+ model. Although manipulating the K+ concentration or osmolality of normal low-Ca2+ perfusion mediums can enhance the propensity of the dentate gyrus to develop seizure activity, the spec...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.1.388
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We have examined the effects of iontophoresing specific antagonists to excitatory amino acid receptors on the visual responses of cells in lamina A or A1 of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). 2. Cells were classified as On- or Off-center, X or Y, and lagged or nonlagged. The effects of antagonists were stu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.2.414
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The corticospinal tract excitability is modulated when preparing movements. Earlier to movement execution, the excitability of the spinal cord increases waiting for supraspinal commands to release the movement. Movement execution and movement observation share processes within the motor system, although movement obser...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00353.2013
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamatergic inputs clustered over approximately 20-40 microm can elicit local N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) spike/plateau potentials in terminal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons, inspiring the notion that a single terminal dendrite can function as a decision-making computational subunit. A typical terminal basa...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00011.2008
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used the rat hippocampal slice preparation as a model system for studying the epileptogenic consequences of a reduction in neuronal Na+-K+ pump activity. The cardiac glycosides (CGs) strophanthidin and dihydroouabain were used to inhibit the pump. These drugs had readily reversible effects, provided they were ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.57.2.496
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEM) can be executed only in the presence of a moving target, it has been difficult to attribute the neuronal activity observed during the execution of these eye movements to either sensory processing or to motor preparation or execution. Previously, we showed that rhesus monkeys...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00272.2003
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulus-specific adaptation is the phenomenon whereby neural response magnitude decreases with repeated stimulation. Inconsistencies between recent nonhuman animal recordings and computational modeling suggest dynamic influences on stimulus-specific adaptation. The present human electroencephalography (EEG) study inv...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00634.2014
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foot drop is very common among people with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) and likely stems from SCI that disturbs the corticospinal activation of the ankle dorsiflexor tibialis anterior (TA). Thus, if one can recover or increase the corticospinal excitability reduced by SCI, motor function recovery may be...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00557.2018
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possibility of using randomly generated stimulus intervals (with a Poisson distribution) to identify the type(s) of intrafusal fiber activated by the stimulation of single static gamma axons was tested in Peroneus tertius muscle spindles of anesthetized cats. Three patterns of random stimulation with different val...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.6.2823
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The synthesis of information from different sensory modalities in the superior colliculus is an important precursor of attentive and orientation behavior. 2. This integration of multisensory information is critically dependent on inputs from a small area of association cortex, the anterior ectosylvian sulcus. Remov...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.429
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The turtle posterior crista consists of two hemicristae. Each hemicrista extends from the planum semilunatum to the nonsensory torus and includes a central zone (CZ) surrounded by a peripheral zone (PZ). Type I and type II hair cells are found in the CZ and are innervated by calyx, dimorphic and bouton afferents. Only...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.3.1202
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms of direction selectivity and speed selectivity were studied in single neurons of the middle temporal visual area (MT) of behaving macaque monkeys. Visual stimuli were presented in both smooth and stroboscopic motion within a neuron's receptive field as the monkey fixated a stationary point of light. Directi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1308
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inferior olive is the sole source of the climbing fiber system, one of the two major afferent systems of the cerebellum; however, its exact role remains unknown. A longstanding hypothesis is that the inferior olive with its unique intrinsic rhythmic firing properties mediates motor timing. However, direct evidence...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00961.2007
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We cloned 10 full-length variants of PIIH, the gene for I(h) from the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). This gene shows a significant amount of alternative splicing in the S3-S4 and S4-S5 linkers, in the P-loop and the entire S6 ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00246.2007
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00