Abstract:
:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection commonly results in a myriad of comorbid conditions secondary to immune deficiency. Infection also affects broad organ system function. Although current antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces disease morbidity and mortality through effective control of peripheral viral load, restricted infection in HIV reservoirs including gut, lymphoid and central nervous system tissues, is not eliminated. What underlies these events is, in part, poor ART penetrance into each organ across tissue barriers, viral mutation and the longevity of infected cells. We posit that one means to improve these disease outcomes is through nanotechnology. To this end, this review discusses a broad range of cutting-edge nanomedicines and nanomedicine platforms that are or can be used to improve ART delivery. Discussion points include how polymer-drug conjugates, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles can be harnessed to best yield cell-based delivery systems. When completely developed, such nanomedicine platforms have the potential to clear reservoirs of viral infection.
journal_name
Curr Med Chemjournal_title
Current medicinal chemistryauthors
Edagwa BJ,Zhou T,McMillan JM,Liu XM,Gendelman HEdoi
10.2174/0929867321666140826114135subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
4186-98issue
36eissn
0929-8673issn
1875-533Xpii
CMC-EPUB-61970journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Glucocorticoids (GC) play a fundamental role in controlling physiologic homeostasis and, when present in excess, can have a detrimental impact on glucose control, blood pressure and lipid levels. The oxidoreductase 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) mainly catalyzes the intracellular regeneration...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986710790226147
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current strategies in pharmaceutical research comprise two methodologically different but complementary approaches for lead finding purposes, namely the random screening of compound libraries and the structure-based effort, commonly termed rational drug design. The structure-based approach is aimed to exploit 3D struc...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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abstract::The importance of organometallics can be noticed by their presence in all life organisms. The most known natural organometallic molecule is vitamin B12, a porphyrin containing a cobalt atom, useful for several enzymatic transformations. Based on the remarkable properties of this class of compounds, a new area of medic...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986710791859306
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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doi:10.2174/0929867323666160406120711
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunophilin ligands cyclosporin A, FK506 and rapamycin are best known for their immunosuppressive properties and their clinical use in transplantation medicine. These compounds or their analogs are also clinically used or investigated in various types of cancer, coronary angioplasty, dermatology, hepatitis C infe...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986711798194342
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smac mimetics (also known as IAP antagonist) are a new class of targeted drugs having a goal to suppress the IAPs, reestablishing the apoptotic pathways and inducing cancer cell death. Therefore, development of Smac mimetics was considered an attractive strategy for the development of new anticancer drugs. L...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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doi:10.2174/0929867325666180313112229
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK(Ca)) channels comprise an important subclass of K(+) channels. Selective blockade of SK(Ca) channels may find application in the therapy of myotonic muscular dystrophy, gastrointestinal dysmotilities, memory disorders, narcolepsy, and alcohol abuse. In the cyclophanes descri...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This update covers the literature for 2002 and 2003 dealing with the main topic of the previous review entitled Heterocyclic nucleosides. Chemical synthesis and biological properties and published in Curr. Med. Chem.-AIA, 2002, 1, 389. As in the first review, the papers in this survey are grouped by the type of the he...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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doi:10.2174/092986706776055779
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evidence seems to be growing in favor of the stem cell theory of cancer with the emergence of studies demonstrating the parallel mechanisms of self renewing pathways in stem cells and particular subsets of cancer cells. The finding of leukemia stem cells and subsequently breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) further sup...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986712804485863
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of new drugs with potential therapeutic applications is one of the most complex and difficult process in the pharmaceutical industry. Millions of dollars and man-hours are devoted to the discovery of new therapeutical agents. As, the activity of a drug is the result of a multitude of factors such as bi...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of anti-diabetic drugs has been increasing worldwide and the evolution of therapeutics has been enormous. Still, the currently available anti-diabetic drugs do not present the desired efficacy and are generally associated with serious adverse effects. Thus, entirely new interventions, addressing the underlying...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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doi:10.2174/0929867325666181001112226
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP)channels) regulate insulin secretion by coupling intracellular metabolic changes to excitability of the plasma membrane in pancreatic beta-cells. The channels are closed when extracellular glucose levels are elevated due to enhanced feature. By contrast, cardiac-type K(ATP) channels,...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929867033368475
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-endopeptidases responsible for degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components including basement membrane collagen, interstitial collagen, fibronectin, and various proteoglycans, during normal remodeling and repair processes. The turnover and remodeling of ECM must b...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986709787846587
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of potential topoisomerase II-mediated anticancer 9-anilinoacridine derivatives, which are designed to avoid bio-oxidation and possessed long duration of drug action, is reviewed. Among these agents, 3-(9-acridinylamino)-5-hydroxymethylaniline (AHMA) derivatives and their alkylcarbamates have been investigate...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929867023369231
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinically significant antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Yet new antibiotics are currently being developed at a much slower pace than our growing need for such drugs. Instead of focusing on conventional therapeutics that target in vitro bacterial viability, an alterna...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/09298673113206660294
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs), an emerging and appealing drug discovery strategy, utilizing a single chemical entity to inhibit multitargets, was confirmed to be effective in reducing the likelihood of drug resistance, diminishing problems of dosing complexity, drug-drug interactions and toxicities, as well as ...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929867311320130011
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Visible light is absorbed by photoacceptors in pigmented and non-pigmented mammalian cells, activating signaling cascades and downstream mechanisms that lead to the modulation of cellular processes. Most studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of UV and the red to near...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929867324666170727112206
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years there has been a growing interest in computer-based screening. One of the driving forces has been the increased efficiency of protein crystallography leading to the real possibility of using structure-based design as a significant contributor to the discovery of novel ligands. In 1957 after 22 years of...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929867033457809
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dose-limiting toxicity to healthy tissues is among the major hurdles in anticancer treatment along with intrinsic or acquired multi-drug resistance. Development of small molecule inhibitors (SMI) specific for antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins is a novel approach in a way that these antagonists are aimed to interfere with s...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986712800099839
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. It can occur at any age, however, it becomes extremely common in the elderly, with a prevalence approaching more than 20% in patients older than 85 years. AF is associated with a wide range of cardiac and extra-cardiac complications and there...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986711796642373
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 1 diabetes, T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells by proinflammatory autoreactive T cells. In the past, several therapeutic approaches have been exploited by immunologists aiming to regulate the autoim...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986711794480230
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic Liver Disorders (CLD), caused by the lifestyle patterns like alcoholism or by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or because of virus-mediated hepatitis, affect a large population fraction across the world. CLD progresses into end-stage diseases with a high mortality rate. Liver transplant is the only ...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Similarly to a series of chronic diseases, essential arterial hypertension (HTN) may be manifested during childhood as a blood pressure (BP) reading which repeatedly rises above the 95(th) percentile of population-specific standards. Since BP tends to track along the same percentiles throughout life, children with hig...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929867321666140304093848
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transglutaminases (TGases) are enzymes which catalyze the cross linking of a glutaminyl residue of a protein/peptide substrate to a lysyl residue of a protein/peptide co-substrate with the formation of an N-gamma-(epsilon-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine [GGEL] cross link (isopeptidic bond) and the concomitant release of ammonia....
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986706777585068
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TDT) catalyzes the non-template-directed polymerization of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and has a key role in V(D)J recombination during lymphocyte and repertoire development. Over 90% of leukemic cells in acute lymphocytic leukemia and approximately 30% of leu...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
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doi:10.2174/092986706777935087
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation is the most common disorder of cardiac rhythm. In spite of diagnosis simplicity, patients with atrial fibrillation are difficult to treat. In the recent years with the description of the phenomenon called remodelling, it has been possible to better define the principle mechanisms responsible for in...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929867054020954
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcomas are tumours of mesenchymal origin, which can arise in bone or soft tissues. They are rare but frequently quite aggressive and with a poor outcome. New approaches are needed to characterise these tumours and their resistance mechanisms to current therapies, responsible for tumour recurrence and treatment failu...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929867326666191212162102
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression profiles are unveiling a wealth of new potential drug targets for a wide range of diseases, offering new opportunities for drug discoveries. The emerging challenge, however, is the effective selection of the myriad of targets to identify those with the most therapeutic utility. Numerical clustering has...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combination therapy in the treatment of viral infections in which, for example, three different drugs against three different targets on three independent proteins are administered, has been highly successful clinically. However, it is only a matter of time before a virus will arise resistant to all three drugs, becau...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929867013372742
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::T helper (Th) cells belong to the adaptive immune system and provide an effective and antigen-specific means of host protection. Th17 cells are a subset of Th cells, characterized by the production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F, which bind to a receptor complex comprised of IL-...
journal_title:Current medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929867322666151030163022
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00