Abstract:
:The linear, four-step oxidation of water to molecular oxygen by photosystem II requires cooperation between redox reactions driven by light and a set of redox reactions involving the S-states within the oxygen-evolving complex. The oxygenevolving complex is a highly ordered structure in which a number of polypeptides interact with one another to provide the appropriate environment for productive binding of cofactors such as manganese, chloride and calcium, as well as for productive electron transfer within the photoact. A number of recent advances in the knowledge of the polypeptide structure of photosystem II has revealed a correlation between primary photochemical events and a 'core' complex of five hydrophobic polypeptides which provide binding sites for chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, the reaction center chlorophyll (P680), and its immediate donor, denoted Z. Although the 'core' complex of photosystem II is photochemically active, it does not possess the capacity to evolve oxygen. A second set of polypeptides, which are water-soluble, have been discovered to be associated with photosystem II; these polypeptides are now proposed to be the structural elements of a special domain which promotes the activities of the loosely-bound cofactors (manganese, chloride, calcium) that participate in oxygen evolution activity. Two of these proteins (whose molecular weights are 23 and 17 kDa) can be released from photosystem II without concurrent loss of functional manganese; studies on these proteins and on the membranes from which they have been removed indicate that the 23 and 17 kDa species from part of the structure which promotes retention of chloride and calcium within the oxygen-evolving complex. A third water-soluble polypeptide of molecular weight 33 kDa is held to the photosystem II 'core' complex by a series of forces which in some circumstances may include ligation to manganese. The 33 kDa protein has been studied in some detail and appears to promote the formation of the environment which is required for optimal participation by manganese in the oxygen evolving reaction. This minireview describes the polypeptides of photosystem II, places an emphasis on the current state of knowledge concerning these species, and discusses current areas of uncertainty concerning these important polypeptides.
journal_name
Photosynth Resjournal_title
Photosynthesis researchauthors
Ghanotakis DF,Yocum CFdoi
10.1007/BF00037001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-01-01 00:00:00pages
97-114issue
2eissn
0166-8595issn
1573-5079journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The possible origins of the different fluorescence decay components in green plants are discussed in terms of a random walk and Butler's bipartite model. The interaction of the excitations with the photosystem II reaction centers and, specifically, the regeneration of theses excitations by charge recombination within ...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00118288
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The origin of the extraordinary high redox potential of P680, the primary electron donor of Photosystem II, is still unknown. Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarisation (photo-CIDNP) 13C magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR is a powerful method to study primary electron donors. In order to reveal the electronic st...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11120-005-0411-0
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria are the most amazing example of long-range ordered natural light-harvesting antennae. Chlorosomes are the largest among all known photosynthetic light-harvesting structures (~ 104-105 pigments in the aggregated state). The chlorosomal bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c/d/e molecu...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11120-019-00707-9
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hypothesis is proposed to explain the function of Cl(-) in activating the oxygenevolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PS II), based on the results of recent (35)Cl-NMR studies. The putative mechanism involves Cl(-) binding to two types of sites. An intrinsic site is suggested to be composed of three histidyl res...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00029400
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetic and spectroscopic properties of the secondary electron acceptor A1 were determined by flash absorption spectroscopy at room and cryogenic temperatures in a Photosystem I (PS I) core devoid of the iron-sulfur clusters FX, FB and FA. It was shown earlier (Warren, P.V., Golbeck, J.H. and Warden, J.T. (1993) B...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00015559
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phycobilisomes (PBS) are antenna complexes that harvest light for photosystem (PS) I and PS II in cyanobacteria and some algae. A process known as far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP) occurs when some cyanobacteria are grown in far-red light (FRL). They synthesize chlorophylls d and f and remodel PS I, PS II, and P...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11120-016-0303-5
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The picture presently emerging from studies on the mechanism of photosystem II electron transport is discussed. The reactions involved in excitation trapping, charge separation and stabilization of the charge pair in the reaction center, followed by the reactions with the substrates, plastoquinone reduction and water ...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00032785
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Soret absorption spectra of six synthetic rigid porphyrin dimers whose crystal structures have been determined are simulated using simple exciton theory. The objective is to test the validity of the point dipole and associated approximations; the electronic interaction parameters are thus calculated using data obt...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00048299
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maximum photosynthetic CO2 exchange rates (Pn) of single attached leaves were determined for several cassava cultivars selected from different habitats and grown in pots outdoors at CIAT, Colombia, S.A. Pn rates were in a narrow range of 22 to 26 μmol CO2 m(-2)s(-1) for all cultivars tested when measured at high photo...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00030025
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the leaf succulent Asclepiad Hoya carnosa (L.) R. Br., CAM photosynthesis occurred under well-watered conditions, as characterized by diurnal gas exchange and changes in titratable acidity. Following 10-12 days of severe water stress, the plants shifted from CAM to a modified CAM-idling mode of metabolism. CAM-idli...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00052124
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years the enzymes of the C3 photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle have been studied using the techniques of molecular biology. In this review we discuss the primary protein sequences and structural predictions that have been made for a number of these enzymes, which, with the input of crystallographic ...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00029971
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structural analogues of the NADP(+) were studied as potential coenzymes and inhibitors for NADP(+) dependent malic enzyme from Zea mays L. leaves. Results showed that 1, N(6)-etheno-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (∈ NADP(+)), 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (APADP(+)), nicotinamide-hypoxan...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00033716
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electron transfer pathways in photosynthesis involve interactions between membrane-bound complexes such as reaction centres with an extrinsic partner. In this study, the biological specificity of electron transfer between the reaction centre-light-harvesting 1-PufX complex and its extrinsic electron donor, cytochrome ...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11120-013-9812-7
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phycobilisomes, comprised of both chromophoric (phycobiliproteins) and non-chromophoric (linker polypeptides) proteins, are light-harvesting complexes present in the prokaryotic cyanobacteria and the eukaryotic red algae. Many cyanobacteria exhibit complementary chromatic adaptation, a process which enables these orga...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00047680
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of Fe resupply to Fe-deficient plants have been investigated in hydroponically-grown sugar beet. In the short-term (24 h) after Fe resupply, major changes were observed, although de novo chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis had not begun yet. Approximately 50% of the zeaxanthin was converted into violaxanthin, wher...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/B:PRES.0000011919.35309.5e
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Artificial aggregates of bacteriochlorophyllc (BChlc) were formed in an aqueous medium in the presence of a lipid, monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG), and the optical properties of those aggregates were studied by absorption and circular dichroism (CD) mainly. Four BChlc homologs, ([E,E]BChlc F, [P,E]BChlc F, [E,M]BChl...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02184164
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have compared the properties of a mutant of barley lacking Photosystem I (viridis-zb (63) ) with the corresponding wild type using modulated fluorescence measurements. The mutant showed two unexpected characteristics. Firstly, there was a slow decline in the fluorescence signal in the light which was dependent on t...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00016561
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this communication, we report our progress on the development of low-frequency Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques to study metal-substrate and metal-ligand vibrational modes in the Photosystem II/oxygen-evolving complex (PS II/OEC). This information will provide important structural and mech...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/A:1010779327960
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously investigated the response mechanisms of photosystem II complexes from spinach to strong UV and visible irradiations (Wei et al J Photochem Photobiol B 104:118-125, 2011). In this work, we extend our study to the effects of strong light on the unusual cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina, which is abl...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11120-013-9946-7
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A three-dimensional model of the core proteins D1 and D2, including the cofactors, that form the Photosystem II reaction centre of pea (Pisum sativum), has been generated. This model was built with a rule-based computer modelling system using the information from the crystal structures of the photosynthetic reaction c...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00033446
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of leaf-level photosynthetic responses of 39 tree species grown in elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 indicated an average photosynthetic enhancement of 44% when measured at the growth [CO2]. When photosynthesis was measured at a common ambient [CO2], photosynthesis of plants grown at elevated [CO2] w...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00014592
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen may enhance CO2-saturated photosynthesis in intact leaves, which display the Warburg effect when illuminated at the current atmospheric level of CO2 and O2, of about 350 microl l(-1) and 21%, respectively. The magnitude of the stimulation depends on irradiance. The K(M)(O2) of the stimulation is 128 microM (10....
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11120-006-9050-3
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A protocol for the isolation of functional thylakoids from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was developed. The critical factor in obtaining active, coupled and stable preparation is the inclusion of EDTA and EGTA in the grinding buffer. Preparations were characterized with respect to the whole or partial electron transport...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/A:1011818021875
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycolate oxidase (GO; EC 1.1.3.1) was purified from the leaves of three plant species:Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.(NAD-ME type C4 dicot),Pisum sativum L. (C3 species) andParthenium hysterophorus L. (C3-C4. intermediate). A flavin moiety was present in the enzyme from all the three species. The enzyme from the C4 pla...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02184284
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of light on the metabolism of ammonia was studied by subjecting detached maize leaves to 150 or 1350 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PAR during incubation with the leaf base in 2 mM (15)NH4Cl. After up to 60 min, leaves were extracted. Ammonia, glutamine, glycine, serine, alanine, and aspartate were separated by isotherma...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00049278
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta grown in a light/dark cycle were exposed to high light for about 15 min. In light, energy-dependent quenching reduced fluorescence emission and decreased PS II efficiency. Within 3 minutes after darkening fluorescence quenching largely relaxed. However, PS II fluorescence...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00033120
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In plants, chlorophylls (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) are the most abundant tetrapyrrole molecules and are essential for photosynthesis. The first committed step of chlorophyll biosynthesis is the insertion of Mg(2+) into protoporphyrin IX, and thus subsequent steps of the biosynthesis are called the Mg branch. As...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11120-008-9291-4
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When 23°C-grown potato leaves (Solanum tuberosum L.) were exposed for 15 min to elevated temperatures in weak light, a dramatic and preferential inactivation of Photosystem (PS) II was observed at temperatures higher than about 38°C. In vivo photoacoustic measurements indicated that, concomitantly with the loss of PS ...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00017756
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this report we demonstrate sulfite interaction with oxygen and PSII electron acceptors (ferricyanide and para-benzoquinone) during measurement of oxygen evolution in chloroplasts. Redox potentials of oxygen, ferricyanide and para-benzoquinone allow them to compete for sulfite. Without taking this into account, sulf...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00019595
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With this Tribute, we remember and honor Thomas John (Tom) Wydrzynski. Tom was a highly innovative, independent and committed researcher, who had, early in his career, defined his life-long research goal. He was committed to understand how Photosystem II produces molecular oxygen from water, using the energy of sunlig...
journal_title:Photosynthesis research
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11120-018-0606-9
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00