Abstract:
:Recent reports show that the incidence of and deaths caused by necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm very-low-birth-weight (PVLBW) infants are on the rise. Unfortunately, NEC often rapidly progresses from early signs of intestinal inflammation to extensive necrosis within a matter of hours, making treatment and secondary prevention extremely difficult to achieve. Primary prevention should thus be the priority. Recent studies provide information that enhances our understanding of the pathophysiology and provides more practical options for the prevention of NEC. The most accepted hypothesis at present is that enteral feeding (providing substrate) in the presence of abnormal intestinal colonization by pathogens provokes an inappropriately heightened inflammatory response in immature intestinal epithelial cells of PVLBW infants. Seventy-four relevant articles were reviewed. Our focus was on the present understanding of the pathophysiology of NEC in the context of developing optimal strategies to prevent NEC in PVLBW infants. Strategies such as antenatal glucocorticoids, postnatal breast milk feeding, and cautious approach to enteral feeding failed to eliminate NEC in PVLBW infants because these strategies did not address the complexity of the pathogenesis. Probiotics seem to be the most significant advance in NEC prevention at present because of the significant range of beneficial effects at various levels of gut function and defense mechanism and the present evidence based on 19 randomized controlled trials.
journal_name
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutrjournal_title
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutritionauthors
Chen AC,Chung MY,Chang JH,Lin HCdoi
10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182a7dc74subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
7-11issue
1eissn
0277-2116issn
1536-4801pii
00005176-201401000-00008journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Thiopurines are used as a maintenance therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). For some patients the metabolism of thiopurines is unfavorable, leading to increased adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity. There are many reports in the adult literature concerning the manipulation of thiopurine metabolism wit...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000344
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We prospectively studied children with portal hypertension (PHT) for portal hypertensive duodenopathy (PHTD) and small bowel intestinal permeability (SIP) with the objectives of defining histopathological parameters for PHTD and to find out whether any association existed among structural changes, SIP, and nu...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000578
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parents and caretakers are increasingly feeding infants and young children plant-based "milk" (PBM) alternatives to cow milk (CM). The US Food and Drug Administration currently defines "milk" and related milk products by the product source and the inherent nutrients provided by bovine milk. Substitution of a milk that...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000002799
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Feeding impairment frequently complicates the course of children with neurologic disorders and places them at risk for malnutrition and growth failure. Although feeding abnormalities have been reported in female patients with Rett syndrome, the mechanisms that account for these findings have not been elucida...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005176-199907000-00010
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The causal association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization of the gastric mucosa and gastritis is now well established. Histologic examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens has long been regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis. However, the changes can be focal in nature and presence of...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005176-199901000-00014
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Data suggest an increase in the incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined the trend of the incidence of IBD in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A retrospective investigation was conducted on a cohort of children diagnosed with IBD between 1991 and 2002 who were registered in the IBD ...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181b99baa
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Immunologic development of soy-fed infants has not been extensively studied. Early studies of soy flour-based formulas showed decreased immunoglobulin production when soy protein intake was limited. However, there were no significant differences in rotavirus vaccine responses between breast-fed and soy prote...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005176-200202000-00007
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Timed barium esophagram (TBE) is a fluoroscopic study that is widely employed as an adjunctive tool for diagnosing esophageal emptying disorders in adults (eg, achalasia, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction [EGJOO]) and for following response to treatment. We aimed to describe the characteristics an...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000002829
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical expression of allergic disease is the consequence of a series of complex gene-environment interactions that occur at the materno-fetal interface and throughout infancy, leading to persistence of the Th2 immune response. It has been proposed that atopic eczema is the cutaneous manifestation of a systemic d...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000338812.59686.6e
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Subacute nonsuppurative cholangitis (cholangitis lenta) is an uncommon yet important histological finding in liver biopsies from pediatric liver transplant recipients. The histopathological features include proliferation of bile ductules at the edges of portal tracts, inspissated bile within dilated bile duc...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e318074c5d0
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Many aspects of pediatric colonoscopy differ from adult practice. To date, there is no validated measure of endoscopic competence for use in pediatrics. Using Delphi methodology, we aimed to determine expert consensus regarding items required on a checklist and global rating scale designed to assess the comp...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000358
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In 2011, the United States Surgeon General issued a call to action to "identify and address obstacles to greater availability of safe banked donor milk for fragile infants." The purpose of the present study is to analyze patterns in donor human milk (DHM) and fortifier use in level 2, 3, and 4 neonatal facili...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001790
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prolonged but transient neonatal jaundice due to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia was observed in two unrelated babies who were siblings of patients with Crigler--Najjar disease (Arias type I). The bilirubin-UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity measured in the liver of both patients, at the age of 6 and 7 months, resp...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effects of breast milk feeding versus formula feeding during the first 8 weeks of life on the development of local gastrointestinal humoral immune response by measuring fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA). Forty-four infants were studied and classified into two groups: breast milk (n = 21) and stand...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been shown to improve pruritus, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cholesterol levels in children with intrahepatic cholestatic liver disease. However, the effect of UDCA on quantitative tests of hepatic function in children is uncertain. METHODS:A 2.5-year, open label, cros...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005176-199801000-00009
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to evaluate diagnostic performance and actual costs in clinical practice of immumoglobulin (Ig)G/IgA deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies (DGP) as a complement to IgA antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG) for the diagnosis of pediatric celiac disease (CD). METHOD...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182645c54
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study is to identify additional celiac disease associated loci in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) independent from classical HLA risk alleles (HLA-DR3-DQ2) and to characterize their potential functional impact in celiac disease pathogenesis at the intestinal level. METHODS:We perfor...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001970
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to assess the adequacy of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake by rural Bangladeshi children 24 to 48 months old in relation to their breast-feeding status. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Multistage sampling was used to select a representative sample of children 24 to 48 months of age from 2 rur...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182042bc8
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gliadin proteins play a key role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease; however, as a screen for celiac disease, anti-gliadin antibody testing has been replaced by the more sensitive and specific serological assays for transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGAA). A new generation of anti-gliadin antibody assays...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31806c7b34
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated plasma PIVKA-II (protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II, acarboxy prothrombin) levels in three infants with hepatoblastoma as a tumor marker. PIVKA-II levels were highly elevated in all three patients. Vitamin K administration, performed in two patients, resulted in only moderate reduction ...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005176-198701000-00008
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The response of serum transaminase levels to penicillamine and zinc treatment in Wilson's disease is poorly understood. The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to evaluate transaminase levels after penicillamine and zinc treatment in children with Wilson's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS:One hundr...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005176-200410000-00006
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to determine the effect of reserpine on rat pancreatic growth, to evaluate if reserpine-caused alterations can be prevented by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/or cerulein treatment, to evaluate the time course of rat pancreas recovery after reserpine, and to determine if EGF and/or cerulein...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005176-199307000-00006
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen children (3.5-14.7 years) with portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage were treated by direct endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Follow-up clinical and endoscopic evaluations have been carried out over a 1-6-year period (mean, 2.3 years). Prior to sclerotherapy, three patients had undergone unsuccessful su...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005176-198609000-00005
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is a major cause of dehydrating diarrhoea in infants and early-weaned piglets living under subhygienic conditions. We studied the effect of different tea types and subfractions on the intestinal fluid and electrolyte losses involved in ETEC diarrhoea. MATERI...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000239992.12646.df
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Celiac disease (CD) represents a spectrum, which includes cases with minor histological abnormalities (potential CD). The aim of this work is to evaluate the contribution of immunohistochemical analysis of duodenal biopsies to the diagnosis of gluten-related minor enteropathy. METHODS:Duodenal biopsies from...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000675
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Assess the impact of zinc supplementation with locally developed culturally specific educational statements (messages) on oral rehydration solution (ORS) and antibiotics or antidiarrheal use in children with acute watery diarrhea as well as to assess adherence and side effects of zinc. METHODS:This was a ran...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000189340.00516.30
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To critically appraise ileocolonoscopy (IC) practice in a large tertiary center, where IC is exclusively performed by experienced pediatric colonoscopists, particularly focusing on indications for the procedure; bowel preparation efficacy; IC completion rates and timings; diagnostic yield; and complications....
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000002326
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to obtain objective measures indicative of gastrointestinal maturity using 3 noninvasive technologies. METHODS:Electrogastrography (EGG), abdominal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and bowel sound/acoustics (AC) monitoring were used simultaneously to obtain physiologic measures of...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001867
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To evaluate the effect of a therapeutic regimen of 7 days versus 14 days on the clinical manifestations of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children. METHODS:Ninety children (age 2-19 years) who had abdominal pain and/or recurrent vomiting were determined to have H. pylori gastritis by endoscopy, histology,...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005176-200002000-00018
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Inadequate response of the innate immune system to bacterial antigens present in the intestinal flora may play a role in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pattern recognition receptors such as CD14, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, and caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) 15 bind bacterial lipopoly...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000192246.47959.b2
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00