Aspects of chest imaging in the intensive care unit.

abstract：:Arterial catheterization is used frequently in the management of critically ill patients, both for continuous blood pressure monitoring and access to the arterial circulation to obtain frequent blood gas measurements. The procedure is usually easily accomplished at the bedside using percutaneous methods such as the Se...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Clark VL,Kruse JA

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Improving the course and outcome of patients with ARDS presents a considerable challenge. An important component of meeting this challenge is a more comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneous pathophysiology of ARDS and the biologic response of the individual patient. This understanding may be developed through ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Wong HR

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections caused by Candida species are now endemic and entrenched in the intensive care unit setting. Candida infections continue to provide a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to clinicians. The increased prevalence of Candida infections represent the high price clinicians and patients must pay for the adv...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sobel JD

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measuring cardiac output without knowledge of the oxygen extraction by the tissues is of limited value. Instead of calculating oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery, a diagram relating cardiac index to the oxygen extraction ratio is proposed to interpret hemodynamic data at the bedside. This diagram is particularly h...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Vincent JL

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article argues that dopamine infused in low doses has not been shown to avert the onset of or ameliorate the course of acute renal failure in critically ill patients. The inotropic and diuretic effects of dopamine are discussed, and its adverse effects are described. An attempt is made to offer an evidence-based ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Cottee DB,Saul WP

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias remain relatively commonplace in the ICU. Proper pharmacologic treatment requires that the clinician recognize accompanying disease states that may alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiarrhythmic drugs. In addition, knowledge of cardiovascular toxicity, no...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Nolan PE Jr,Raehl CL

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is often necessary to transfuse blood products in shock. Use of these products can be life-saving, but they also carry considerable risk. It is important, therefore, that the physician be aware of the indications as well as possible complications, so that a proper decision can be made weighing the risk versus the b...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Nacht A

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of critically ill patients necessitates the use of sedatives and analgesics to provide patient comfort and cooperation. These drugs exert profound effects on all organ systems, not only the central nervous system, and this article describes the immunologic effects of the commonly used critical care seda...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sanders RD,Hussell T,Maze M

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anemia is common in critically ill patients, but treatment with red blood cell transfusions can have unwanted effects. Limiting the occurrence and severity of anemia by using erythropoietic agents (iron and/or recombinant erythropoietin), therefore, remains an attractive option during the intensive care unit stay but ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Piagnerelli M,Vincent JL

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is a pulmonary capillary leak state that occurs in many different clinical settings. The resultant edema causes refractory hypoxemia due to intrapulmonary shunting and loss of lung compliance. Mechanical ventilation with PEEP and high concentrations of supplemental oxygen are freque...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Zucker AR

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma. Damage control resuscitation relies on permissive hypotension, minimizing crystalloid use, and early implementation of massive transfusion protocols with established blood component ratios. These protocols improve the survival of the severely injured pati...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Cantle PM,Cotton BA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent development of valid and reliable assessment tools to monitor agitation, sedation, analgesia, and delirium in the ICU represents an essential first step in the provision of patient comfort and the development of preferred treatment strategies. To make the ICU a more humane healing environment, these assessm...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Fraser GL,Riker RR

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force. TBI is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Post-traumatic amnesia, or the interval from injury until the patient is oriented and able to form and later recall new memorie...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： De Guzman E,Ament A

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article provides an overview of some of the current issues involved in sedation and anxiolysis in the intensive care unit. The problems involved in trying to monitor sedation levels are discussed, as are some of the newer options available for physiologic monitoring of the central nervous system. The problem of a...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Lowson SM,Sawh S

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transplant patients face challenging medical journeys, with many detours to the intensive care unit. Before and after transplantation, they have significant psychological and cognitive comorbidities, which decrease their quality of life and potentially compromise their medical outcomes. Critical care staff are essenti...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sher Y,Zimbrean P

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Summarizing the mission of the ICU, the institution directive board and the unit director must generate a structure, proceedings criteria, management, and analysis of results capable of providing satisfactory care. Furthermore, they must take into account each organizational aspect that is necessary to offer an approp...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Gallesio AO,Ceraso D,Palizas F

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infectious complications are common occurrences in end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Frequent infections precipitate decompensation of liver disease leading to acute or chronic liver failure, organ dysfunction, de-listing from transplant, and major morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of microorganisms has shifted with...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Nanchal RS,Ahmad S

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, advances in critical care and mechanical ventilation have resulted in an increased salvage of critically ill patients, a number of whom require long-term ventilation as a means of life support. In addition, the total number of patients receiving long-term ventilation has increased dramatically over the pas...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Criner GJ,Tzouanakis A,Kreimer DT

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is the most luminal layer of the blood vessel, growing on and within the vascular wall. Shedding of the EG plays a central role in many critical illnesses. Degradation of the EG is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Certain illnesses and iatrogenic interventions can caus...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Jedlicka J,Becker BF,Chappell D

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than one-half million patients are hospitalized annually for traumatic brain injury (TBI). One-quarter demonstrate sleep-disordered breathing, up to 50% experience insomnia, and half have hypersomnia. Sleep disturbances after TBI may result from injury to sleep-regulating brain tissue, nonspecific neurohormonal r...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Vermaelen J,Greiffenstein P,deBoisblanc BP

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute renal failure continues to be a common occurrence in critically ill cancer patients. It frequently results from a combination of risk factors, which include the following: hemodynamic alterations associated with renal ischemia; exposure to nephrotoxic drugs; urinary tract obstruction; and specific abnormalities ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Flombaum CD

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) consist mainly of Enterococcus faecalis and E faecium, the latter mostly hospital-acquired. In addition, E gallinarum and E casseliflavus are intrinsically vancomycin-resistant and are community-acquired. VRE have become common in many hospitals throughout the world and, once est...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rubinstein E,Keynan Y

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Significant advances have been made in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. New technology has enhanced the ability to understand and treat a variety of tachycardias. Excitement and caution surround ablative approaches for atrial fibrillation. The role of ICDs and class III antiarrhythmic drugs in the management of ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Fei L,Trohman RG

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As scientists and physicians have gained sophistication in understanding and treating illness, our view of disease has changed in scope. We appreciate more fully the diverse and wide-ranging effects of stress on the ability of the organism to maintain homeostasis. As our study of the failure of homeostasis has advance...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Weise KL

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Meningococcemia is notorious for evasion of the host immune system and its rapid progression to fulminant disease, and serves as a unique model for pediatric sepsis. Illness severity is determined by complex interplays among host, pathogen, and environment. The inflammatory host response, including proinflammatory and...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Boeddha NP,Bycroft T,Nadel S,Hazelzet JA

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The future of cardiopulmonary resuscitation lies in new technologies for monitoring and generating vital organ perfusion during cardiac arrest and the post-resuscitation phase and in pharmacologic agents that will enhance ROSC and reverse ischemia-reperfusion injury. ROSC is the first step toward survival, so interven...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Manning JE,Katz LM

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intensive care unit (ICU) environment is not propitious for restoring sleep and many studies have reported that critically ill patients have severe sleep disruptions. However, sleep alterations in critically ill patients are specific and differ significantly from those in ambulatory patients. Polysomnographic patt...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Drouot X,Quentin S

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The appropriate starting point for a history of neurocritical care is a matter of debate, and the organization of facts and conjectures about it must be somewhat arbitrary. Intensive care for neurosurgical patients dates back to the work of Walter Dandy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1930s; many consider his cre...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Bleck TP

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic brain injury is a common occurrence in the United States, leading to approximately 190,000 deaths or long-term disabilities. Following the primary insult, secondary disturbances in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism may have deleterious effects on potentially viable neurons. Recent studies evaluating C...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Yundt KD,Diringer MN

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CAAKI) is a common iatrogenic condition. The principal risk factors for CAAKI are underlying renal impairment; diabetes in the setting of kidney disease; and intravascular volume depletion, effective or absolute. CAAKI is associated with serious adverse short-term and long-term...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Weisbord SD,Palevsky PM

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00