Metabolic activation of butylated hydroxytoluene by mouse bronchiolar Clara cells.

abstract：:In mammals, CYP3A isozymes collectively comprise the largest portion of the liver and small intestinal CYP protein. They are involved in the metabolism of an extensive range of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics and make a significant contribution to the termination of the action of steroid hormones. A full-length ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tseng HP,Hseu TH,Buhler DR,Wang WD,Hu CH

更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoke has been shown to cause gastric cancer. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a common characteristic in gastric malignancy. The present study aimed to explore the correlation between cigarette smoke and COX-2 in the promotion of tumorigenesis in human gastric cancer cells (AGS). We further stu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shin VY,Liu ES,Ye YN,Koo MW,Chu KM,Cho CH

更新日期：2004-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A discrete-time simulation model of carcinogenesis is described mathematically using recursive relationships between time-varying model variables. The dynamics of cellular behavior is represented within a biological framework that encompasses two irreversible and heritable genetic changes. Empirical data and biologica...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ellwein LB,Cohen SM

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP) nephrotoxicity has been observed both in humans and research animals. Recent studies suggest a contributory role for glutathione (GSH)-derived conjugates of APAP in the development of nephrotoxicity. Inhibitors of either gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) or the probenecid-sensitive organic ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Stern ST,Bruno MK,Hennig GE,Horton RA,Roberts JC,Cohen SD

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of chemicals cause a nephrotoxic syndrome in male rats, referred to as protein droplet or alpha 2u-globulin (alpha 2u) nephropathy. To evaluate the potential human risk for developing a similar chemically-induced protein-mediated nephrotoxic response, the low-molecular-weight protein fraction (LMWPF) was isol...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Borghoff SJ,Lagarde WH

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult cynomolgus monkeys were administered trimethyltin (TMT) iv in dosages ranging from 0.75 to 4.0 mg TMT/kg and observed for behavioral changes. Animals were subsequently killed for light and electron microscopic examination. TMT showed a dose-related toxicity, with high dose animals (4.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) dying withi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Reuhl KR,Gilbert SG,Mackenzie BA,Mallett JE,Rice DC

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 2009 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conference (TRAC) session on "Advances in Exposure and Toxicity Assessment of Particulate Matter" was held in April 2009 in West Chester, OH. The goal of this session was to bring together toxicology, geology and risk assessment experts from the Department of Defense and academi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gunasekar PG,Stanek LW

更新日期：2011-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular retention of toxic bile salts contributes to hepatocellular injury during cholestasis. We have recently demonstrated that toxic bile salts directly induce apoptosis in hepatocytes. As oxidative stress has been implicated in many models of apoptosis, our aim was to determine if oxidative injury is a criti...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Patel T,Gores GJ

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzene is a potent hematotoxin and has been shown to cause leukemia in man. Chronic toxicity studies indicate that B6C3F1 mice are more susceptible than F334/N rats to benzene toxicity. The purpose of the studies presented in this paper was to determine if there were metabolic differences between F344/N rats and B6C3...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sabourin PJ,Bechtold WE,Birnbaum LS,Lucier G,Henderson RF

更新日期：1988-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of structure on the estrogenicity and antiestrogenicity of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls were investigated using the following estrogen-sensitive assays: competitive binding to the rat and mouse cytosolic estrogen receptor (ER); immature rat and mouse uterine wet weight, peroxidase and progesteron...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Connor K,Ramamoorthy K,Moore M,Mustain M,Chen I,Safe S,Zacharewski T,Gillesby B,Joyeux A,Balaguer P

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunoreactivity and pharmacokinetics of a new horse F(ab')2 scorpion antivenom and its effect on Buthus occitanus mardochei venom plasma disposition in the rabbit were studied. The scorpion venom-specific F(ab')2 affinity constant determined by immunoradiometric assay was 1.6 +/- 0.6 10(8) M-1. One group received...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Pépin-Covatta S,Lutsch C,Grandgeorge M,Lang J,Scherrmann JM

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We use a stochastic model describing initiation and clonal growth of altered cells to analyze data from an initiation-promotion hepatocarcinogenesis experiment in female Wistar rats. Starting at 7 weeks of age, the animals were treated for 10 days with the initiating agent diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 10 mg/kg body wt per...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Luebeck EG,Buchmann A,Stinchcombe S,Moolgavkar SH,Schwarz M

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:6-Hydroxy-trans,trans-2,4-hexadienal (CHO-M-OH) is a metabolite of trans,trans-muconaldehyde (muconaldehyde or MUC), a microsomal hematotoxic ring-opened metabolite of benzene. In the present study, the toxicity of CHO-M-OH was examined. In order to assess potential toxic effects of CHO-M-OH on the maturation of eryth...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhang Z,Schafer F,Schoenfeld H,Cooper K,Snyder R,Goldstein BD,Witz G

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ah receptor was identified and characterized in cytosol and nuclear extracts from the rainbow trout hepatoma cell line RTH-149. The cytosolic receptor was detectable with both halogenated ([3H]2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)) and non-halogenated ([3H]3-methylcholanthrene and [3H]benzo[a]pyrene) aromatic hyd...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lorenzen A,Okey AB

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concentration of mercury in milk and the distribution pattern in the sucking pup was followed over time after administration of a single iv injection of 0.5 mg/kg body wt of 203Hg-labeled methylmercuric chloride or mercuric chloride to lactating mice on Day 10 of lactation. Mercury concentrations in milk of the da...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sundberg J,Jönsson S,Karlsson MO,Oskarsson A

更新日期：1999-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapy of seizure activity following exposure to the nerve agent soman (GD) includes treatment with the anticonvulsant diazepam (DZP), an allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptors. However, seizure activity itself causes the endocytosis of GABA(A) receptors and diminishes the inhibitory effect...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Schultz MK,Wright LK,Stone MF,Schwartz JE,Kelley NR,Moffett MC,Lee RB,Lumley LA

更新日期：2012-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary phytochemicals are excellent ROS-modulating agents and have been shown to effectively enhance ROS levels beyond toxic threshold in cancer cells to ensure their selective killing while leaving normal cells unscathed. Here we demonstrate that hydroxychavicol (HC), extracted and purified from Piper betel leaves, ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gundala SR,Yang C,Mukkavilli R,Paranjpe R,Brahmbhatt M,Pannu V,Cheng A,Reid MD,Aneja R

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were exposed to saline or cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 25, 100, or 400 micrograms/kg body weight by intratracheal instillation. At 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure five animals/treatment were euthanized, the lungs were lavaged, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Driscoll KE,Maurer JK,Poynter J,Higgins J,Asquith T,Miller NS

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic is a toxicant found in ground water around the world, and human exposure mainly comes from drinking water or from crops grown in areas containing arsenic in soils or water. Epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic exposure during development decreased intellectual function, reduced birth weight, and alt...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Liu JT,Bain LJ

更新日期：2014-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ammonium perfluorooctanoate (CAS Registry No. 3825-26-2) is used commercially in the aqueous polymerization of fluorinated monomers. Because the chemical exists as a fine white powder which can come in contact with skin, its dermal toxicology was studied in rabbits and rats. Dermal applications of 0.5 g for 24 hr prod...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kennedy GL Jr

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The threshold hemodynamic changes associated with the cardiovascular (CV) toxicity of minoxidil (MNX) in the dog, characterized by subendocardial necrosis, right atrial hemorrhagic lesions, and coronary vascular medial hemorrhage and necrosis, have not been defined. To determine the relationship between serum concentr...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mesfin GM,Higgins MJ,Robinson FG,Zhong WZ

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial apoptosis is a driving force in atherosclerosis development. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) promotes inflammatory and thrombotic processes and is highly atherogenic, as it stimulates macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation. Previous studies have shown that the phosphatidylinos...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ou HC,Lee WJ,Lee SD,Huang CY,Chiu TH,Tsai KL,Hsu WC,Sheu WH

更新日期：2010-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent and widely dispersed environmental pollutants, some of which may be immunotoxic. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PCBs on immune system by assessing apoptotic cell death in human monocytic U937 cells. Among the various congeners tested, 2,2',...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shin KJ,Bae SS,Hwang YA,Seo JK,Ryu SH,Suh PG

更新日期：2000-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:An experimental design to simulate PUVA therapy (oral 8-methoxypsoralen followed by uv radiation) has been tested in a 13-week subchronic study to determine the relative toxicities of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), 5-methylisopsoralen (5-MIP), and 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CEP) in inbred hairless ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dunnick JK,Forbes PD,Davies RE,Iverson WO

更新日期：1987-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A mass-balance study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of dose determinations of waterborne 2,5,2',5'-[14C]tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) made on transected brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and to determine any pharmacokinetic differences between the two species. The total calcu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： McKim JM,Heath EM

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenicals are clearly toxicants and carcinogens in humans. In mammals, including humans, inorganic arsenic often undergoes methylation, forming compounds such as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAs(V)) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAs(V)). However, much less information is available on the in vitro toxic potential o...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sakurai T,Kojima C,Ochiai M,Ohta T,Sakurai MH,Waalkes MP,Fujiwara K

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of toxicovigilance encompasses the active detection, validation and follow-up of clinical adverse events related to toxic exposures in human beings. Poison centers are key players in this function as poisoning statistics are essential to define the cause, incidence and severity of poisonings occurring in t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Descotes J,Testud F

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gallium arsenide (GaAs) suppresses numerous immunologic functions of leukocytes at distal locations from the exposure site. The effect of direct GaAs exposure on peritoneal cells was examined by i.p. administration of the chemical. No alteration in the frequency of various cell lineages, including macrophages, B cells...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hartmann CB,McCoy KL

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of high protein dietary regimens prior to the administration of inorganic mercury were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed on purified test diets containing either normal (20%) or high (60%) concentrations of protein. Mercury was administered as a single intravenous injection of mercuric c...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Andrews PM,Chung EM

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical stage during the development of silicosis fibrosis. In the current study, we hypothesized that the anti-fibrotic tetrapeptide, N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) may exert its anti-fibrotic effects via activation of the TGF-β1/ROCK1 pathway, leadin...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Deng H,Xu H,Zhang X,Sun Y,Wang R,Brann D,Yang F

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00