Abstract：
:The concept of toxicovigilance encompasses the active detection, validation and follow-up of clinical adverse events related to toxic exposures in human beings. Poison centers are key players in this function as poisoning statistics are essential to define the cause, incidence and severity of poisonings occurring in the general population. In addition, the systematic search for unexpected shifts in the recorded causes of poisonings, e.g., following the introduction of a new product, or change in the formulation or recommended use of an old product, allows for a rapid detection of potential adverse health consequences and the implementation of preventive or corrective measures. However, toxicovigilance is genuinely a medical and not only a statistical approach of human toxicity issues. In contrast to epidemiology, toxicovigilance is based on the in-depth medical assessment of acute or chronic intoxications on an individual basis, which requires detailed information that poison centers can rarely obtain via emergency telephone calls and that epidemiologists cannot collect or process. Validation of this medical information must primarily be based on toxicological expertise to help identify causal links between otherwise unexplained pathological conditions and documented toxic exposures. Thus, toxicovigilance can contribute to hazard identification and risk assessment by providing medically validated data which are often overlooked in the process of risk assessment. So far, very few structured toxicovigilance systems have been set up and hopefully national and international initiatives will bridge this gap in our knowledge of the toxicity of many chemicals and commercial products in human beings.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Descotes J,Testud Fdoi
10.1016/j.taap.2005.02.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-09-01 00:00:00pages
599-603issue
2 Suppleissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(05)00236-Xjournal_volume
207pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The effects of structure on the estrogenicity and antiestrogenicity of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls were investigated using the following estrogen-sensitive assays: competitive binding to the rat and mouse cytosolic estrogen receptor (ER); immature rat and mouse uterine wet weight, peroxidase and progesteron...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8169
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has shown that intraperitoneal injection of the solvent pyridine results in a dose- and time-dependent induction of hepatic P450IIE1 in rats, with a twofold increase observed at 6 hr post-treatment. However, inhalation is the primary route of exposure expected for humans exposed to pyridine in labora...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1993.1014
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prescribing appropriate Tacrolimus (Tac) dosing is still a challenge for clinicians due to the interindividual variability in dose requirement and the narrow therapeutic index. Our objective is to identify potential factors that affects Tac exposure in Tunisian Kidney patients and to develop and validate a Tac dose re...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.115245
更新日期：2020-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Three novel P450 members of the cytochrome P450 4A family were cloned as partial cDNAs from hamster liver, characterised as novel members of the CYP4A subfamily, and designated CYP4A17, 18, and 19. Hamsters were treated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) agonists, methylclofenapate (...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2004.01.019
更新日期：2004-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Disintegrins and disintegrin-like proteins are molecules found in the venom of four snake families (Atractaspididae, Elapidae, Viperidae, and Colubridae). The disintegrins are nonenzymatic proteins that inhibit cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix interactions, and signal transduction, and may have potential in the tre...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2005.07.004
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isolated rat lymphocytes in salts-glucose medium (pH 7.2) were incubated with nickel chloride, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate, and a soluble form of nickel subsulfide (0-2 mM) at 37 degrees C for 2 h. The soluble form of nickel subsulfide induced a significant increase in DNA-protein crosslinks (DPXLs) (111%) beginnin...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.2000.9097
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibrinogen, a soluble 340kDa plasma glycoprotein, is critical in achieving and maintaining hemostasis. Reduced fibrinogen levels are associated with an increased risk of bleeding and recent research has investigated the efficacy of fibrinogen concentrate for controlling perioperative bleeding. European guidelines on t...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.019
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male Wistar rats exposed to a systemic organophosphorus insecticide, phorate [O,O-diethyl S-[(ethylthio) methyl] phosphorothioate] at varying oral doses of 0.046, 0.092 or 0.184mg phorate/kg bw for 14days, exhibited substantial oxidative stress, cellular DNA damage and activation of apoptosis-related p53, caspase 3 an...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.006
更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Dithiocarbamates have a wide spectrum of applications in industry, agriculture and medicine with new applications being actively investigated. One adverse effect of dithiocarbamates is the neurotoxicity observed in humans and experimental animals. Results from previous studies have suggested that dithiocarbamates elev...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.005
更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an endocrine disruptor, it influences various organ systems in human beings and experimental animals. DEHP reduced the serum testosterone and increased the blood glucose, estradiol, T(3) and T(4) in rats. However, the effect of DEHP on insulin signaling and glucose oxidation in skelet...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2011.08.022
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 24-hr oral pretreatment of rats with 1.6 g/kg acetaminophen potentiated hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol, bromobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and thioacetamide, as assessed by elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase activity and histopathological examination. Doses, of these hepatotoxicants,...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(91)90179-i
更新日期：1991-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The acaricide chlordimeform has been reported to have adverse effects in mammals that may be mediated by an interaction with alpha-adrenergic receptors. Since the hormonal signals involved in the regulation of reproductive function are themselves under hypothalamic adrenergic control, the present study was designed to...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(90)90279-4
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Valproic acid (VPA) undergoes cytochrome P450-mediated desaturation to form 4-ene-VPA, which subsequently yields (E)-2,4-diene-VPA by β-oxidation. Another biotransformation pathway involves β-oxidation of VPA to form (E)-2-ene-VPA, which also generates (E)-2,4-diene-VPA by cytochrome P450-mediated desaturation. Althou...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.018
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four triazole fungicides used in agricultural or pharmaceutical applications were examined for hepatotoxic effects in mouse liver. Besides organ weight, histopathology, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme induction, DNA microarrays were used to generate gene expression profiles and hypotheses on potential mechanisms of a...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2006.02.016
更新日期：2006-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:4-Hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (4HNE), one of the major end products of lipid peroxidation (LPO), has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell lines. It appears to modulate signaling processes in more than one way because it has been suggested to have a role in signaling for differentiation and proliferation. It...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.006
更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The disposition of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), a highly toxic environmental contaminant which accumulates in human tissues, was examined in the male Fischer rat after iv and oral exposure. Greater than 70% of an oral dose of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mumol PeCDF/kg body wt was absorbed by the gastrointestinal sy...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(87)90332-2
更新日期：1987-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical stage during the development of silicosis fibrosis. In the current study, we hypothesized that the anti-fibrotic tetrapeptide, N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) may exert its anti-fibrotic effects via activation of the TGF-β1/ROCK1 pathway, leadin...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.010
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor which plays a role in the development of multiple tissues and is activated by a large number of ligands, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In order to examine the roles of the AHR in both normal biological development an...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.024
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR, NR1I3) has been newly described as a regulator of energy metabolism. A relevant number of studies using animal models of obesity suggest that CAR activation could be beneficial on the metabolic balance. However, this remains controversial and the underlying mechanisms are sti...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.006
更新日期：2016-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We expressed rat Na(v)1.6 sodium channels in combination with the rat beta(1) and beta(2) auxiliary subunits in Xenopus laevis oocytes and evaluated the effects of the pyrethroid insecticides S-bioallethrin, deltamethrin, and tefluthrin on expressed sodium currents using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. S-Bi...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2010.07.001
更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was undertaken to characterize the long-term toxic and carcinogenic potential of a polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) mixture in rats and mice of both sexes. Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were given 125 po doses of PBB over a 6-month period at 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg body weight/day (5...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(83)90351-4
更新日期：1983-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding, low molecular weight proteins and are involved in pathophysiological processes like metabolism of essential metals, metal ion homeostasis and detoxification of heavy metals. Metallothionein expression is induced by various heavy metals especially cadmium, mercury and zinc; MTs...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2010.03.007
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a clear evidence that environmental pollutants, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), can have detrimental effects on the immune system, whereas the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Jurkat T cells share many properties with native T lymphocytes and therefore are an appropriate model to analyze the effect...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.032
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We report that there is a time-related change in the phospholipase C (PLC) activities of rat brain cytosol and membrane fractions after iv injection of a soman-like or a sarin-like organophosphorous agent (bis(isopropyl methyl)phosphonate [BIMP] and bis(pinacolyl methyl)phosphonate [BPMP]). PLCgamma was activated in t...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1998.8628
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methyl bromide is used as a disinfectant to fumigate soil and a wide range of stored food commodities in warehouses and mills. Human exposure occurs during the manufacture and use of the chemical. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the disposition and metabolism of [14C]methyl bromide in rats after inh...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90289-3
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rodent bioassays indicate that B6C3F1 mice are more sensitive to the carcinogenicity of benzene than are rats. The urinary profile of benzene metabolites is different in rats vs mice. Mice produce higher proportions of hydroquinone conjugates and muconic acid, indicators of metabolism via pathways leading to putative ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(92)90078-7
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) is present in virtually every human cell type. Representing a nuclear receptor superfamily, GR has several different isoforms essentially acting as ligand-dependent transcription factors, regulating glucocorticoid-responsive gene expression in both a positive and a negative manner. Althoug...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.003
更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Perchloroethylene (perc) induced target organ toxicity has been associated with tissue-specific metabolic pathways. Previous physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of perc accurately predicted oxidative metabolites but suggested the need to better characterize glutathione (GSH) conjugation as ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.033
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism of liver cell injury induced by an overdose of the analgesic acetaminophen (AAP) remains controversial. Recently, it was hypothesized that a significant number of hepatocytes die by apoptosis. Since caspases have been implicated as critical signal and effector proteases in apoptosis, we investigated thei...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1999.8635
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During postnatal skeletal growth, adaptation to mechanical loading leads to cellular activities at the growth plate. It has recently become evident that bone forming and bone resorbing cells are affected by the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor imatinib mesylate (STI571, Gleevec®). Imatinib targets PDGF, ABL-re...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.019
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
