Abstract:
:Male Wistar rats exposed to a systemic organophosphorus insecticide, phorate [O,O-diethyl S-[(ethylthio) methyl] phosphorothioate] at varying oral doses of 0.046, 0.092 or 0.184mg phorate/kg bw for 14days, exhibited substantial oxidative stress, cellular DNA damage and activation of apoptosis-related p53, caspase 3 and 9 genes. The histopathological changes including the pyknotic nuclei, inflammatory leukocyte infiltrations, renal necrosis, and cardiac myofiber degeneration were observed in the liver, kidney and heart tissues. Biochemical analysis of catalase and glutathione revealed significantly lesser activities of antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in tissues of phorate exposed rats. Furthermore, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in bone marrow cells confirmed phorate-induced oxidative stress. Significant DNA damage was measured through comet assay in terms of the Olive tail moment in bone marrow cells of treated animals as compared to control. Cell cycle analysis also demonstrated the G(2)/M arrest and appearance of a distinctive SubG(1) peak, which signified induction of apoptosis. Up-regulation of tumor suppressor p53 and caspase 3 and 9 genes, determined by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, elucidated the activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways in response to cellular stress. Overall, the results suggest that phorate induces genetic alterations and cellular toxicity, which can adversely affect the normal cellular functioning in rats.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Saquib Q,Attia SM,Siddiqui MA,Aboul-Soud MA,Al-Khedhairy AA,Giesy JP,Musarrat Jdoi
10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-15 00:00:00pages
54-65issue
1eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(11)00463-7journal_volume
259pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Metabolism of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 2.0 mM) by glutathione peroxidase within isolated rat hepatocytes caused a rapid oxidation of intracellular reduced glutathione and ultimately NADPH through glutathione reductase. TBHP also caused the formation of surface blebs in the hepatocyte plasma membrane followed by...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(86)90267-x
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessment of toxic or mutagenic risks associated with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PTO) is important. In vitro and in vivo data have shown that PTOs are nontoxic and nonmutagenic. However, these studies do not address interactions between PTOs and other compounds. The sulfur on PTOs may provide a novel reactive...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1995.1126
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Freely moving rats were exposed to sarin vapor (34.2+/-0.8 microg/l) for 10 min. Mortality at 24 h was 35% and toxic sings in the surviving rats ranged from sever (prolonged convulsions) through moderate to almost no overt signs. Some of the surviving rats developed delayed, intermittent convulsions. All rats were eva...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.11.006
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The threshold hemodynamic changes associated with the cardiovascular (CV) toxicity of minoxidil (MNX) in the dog, characterized by subendocardial necrosis, right atrial hemorrhagic lesions, and coronary vascular medial hemorrhage and necrosis, have not been defined. To determine the relationship between serum concentr...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0229
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human exposure to bisphenol A is controversially discussed. This review critically assesses methods for biomonitoring of bisphenol A exposures and reported concentrations of bisphenol A in blood and urine of non-occupationally ("environmentally") exposed humans. From the many methods published to assess bisphenol A co...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.008
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the relative contribution of several cardiorespiratory components to acute lethality produced by N-methylcarbamate cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors physostigmine, 2-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate (BPMC), and 2-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate (PHC) in halothane-anesthetized rabbits. Intravenous injecti...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2000.8924
更新日期:2000-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent oxidative stress-associated gastrointestinal inflammation. NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondrial complexes (I and II) are the major sources of ROS production contributing to TNF-α/cycloheximide (CHX)-i...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.007
更新日期:2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor which plays a role in the development of multiple tissues and is activated by a large number of ligands, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In order to examine the roles of the AHR in both normal biological development an...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.024
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::As the main toxic component of aristolochic acid, aristolochic acid I (AAI) is primarily found in Aristolochiaceae plants such as Aristolochia, Aristolochia fangchi and Caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis. AAI has been proven to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and nephrotoxic. Although the role of AAI in testicular toxicity...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.014
更新日期:2019-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with an increased risk of incidence of metabolic disease, however the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. Our study provides new insights into molecular interactions between PCBs and retinoids (vitamin A and ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.114731
更新日期:2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicokinetics of deltamethrin and its metabolite 4'-HO-deltamethrin after single doses of 26 mg of deltamethrin/kg (oral) or 1.2 mg of deltamethrin/kg (intravenous) were studied in male Wistar rats. Serial blood samples were obtained after oral and intravenous administration. Brain, vas deferens, and anococcygeus...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0254
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chinese hamster cells (V79) were treated with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP) alone and in combination. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were quantified as measures of genotoxicity of the two agents. The combination experiment employed a factorial design in which cells were treated, ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(86)90117-1
更新日期:1986-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Geogenic dust from arid environments is a possible inhalation hazard for humans, especially when using off-road vehicles that generate significant dust. This study focused on immunotoxicological and neurotoxicological effects following subacute exposure to geogenic dust generated from sediments in the Nellis Dunes Rec...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.017
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is conflicting evidence in the literature as to the predominant mechanism and also the compositional element(s) that drives the pulmonary inflammatory response of ambient particulate matter (PM). We have investigated the inflammogenic potential of coarse (2.5-10 microm) and fine (<2.5 microm) PM from both a rura...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.002
更新日期:2004-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)-induced porphyria occurs in female, but not male, rats after a delay of 35 days following HCB treatment. Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) inhibition has been proposed as a primary causative event. To determine whether there also exists a delay phase and a sexual dimorphism for UROD inhibit...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1997.8157
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously conducted reproduction and teratology studies in rats (unpublished observations) exposed to fluoxetine have revealed no compound-related adverse effects on fertility and no teratogenic effects. In order to confirm embryonic/fetal exposure to fluoxetine and/or metabolites, dissection and whole-body autoradio...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(89)90225-1
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline is a quinoxaline derivative. We aimed to study the effects of 4-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline on activation of mast cells in vitro and in mice. 4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline reversibly inhibited degranulation of mast cells in a dose-dependent manner, and also suppressed th...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.009
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight was injected into male Wistar rats twice a day (12-hr intervals) for 7 consecutive days. A group of treated rats was maintained without any treatment for an additional period of 10 days and killed on the following day (on Day 18). Plasma aldosterone concentr...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90346-6
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is a fungus commonly used for treatment of viral hepatitis and cancer in Chinese folk medicine. Extract of A. camphorate is reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antihepatitis B virus and anticancer activities. In this study, we tested the in vivo effects of polysaccharides derived...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.023
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a widespread environmental pollutant, which is associated with a wide variety of cytotoxic and metabolic effects. Recent studies showed that intoxication with the heavy metal most importantly targets the integrity of the epithelial barrier. In our study, the lung epithelial cell line, NCI H441, was...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2010.04.002
更新日期:2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) activate neutrophils to induce degranulation and undergo superoxide production through a mechanism that involves stimulation of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). Since the biochemical processes leading to the PCB-induced activation of this enzyme are unknown, the objective of this study was...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1999.8827
更新日期:2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to determine the ability of a series of 19 compounds representing different chemical classes of carcinogens to induce lung tumors in strain A/J mice after either ip or po administration. Aflatoxin B1, dibutylnitrosamine, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, and methylnitrosourea induced a significant incre...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(86)90433-3
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biphasic dose-response relationship induced by environmental agents is often characterized with the effect of low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Some studies showed that arsenite may induce cell proliferation and apoptosis via biphasic dose-response relationship in human cells; however, mechanisms underlyi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.021
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitotic catastrophe, a form of cell death resulting from abnormal mitosis, is a cytotoxic death pathway as well as an appealing mechanistic strategy for the development of anti-cancer drugs. In this study, 6-bromine-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde was demonstrated to induce DNA double-strand break, multipolar spindles...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.03.003
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the observation that congenic haired and hairless mice differ in the hyperkeratinizing/hyperproliferative epidermal response following topical exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in vivo, it has been proposed that this response in mice segregates with the Ah locus (which controls for the Ah...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(87)90173-6
更新日期:1987-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bropirimine is an immunomodulator with experimental antiviral and antitumor activities. This pyrimidinone has been found to be embryolethal at doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) that produce only transient maternal toxicity, when administered to pregnant Upj:TUC(SD)spf rats on specific days of gestation. Serum analyses carried...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90275-j
更新日期:1991-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolism of BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) is requisite for its pneumotoxic activities. Previous evidence using microsomal preparations from livers and lungs of mice indicated that cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of a tertbutyl group to form 6-tert-butyl-2-(hydroxy-tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol (BHTOH) ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1993.1219
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is a key cofactor of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria has shown many beneficial effects on liver diseases. However, the mechanisms of CoQ10 protective role on the acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury are elusive and unclear. In this study, we further investigated the Co...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2020.115355
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For highly water soluble and reactive gases, such as formaldehyde, the reported distribution of nasal lesions in rats and rhesus monkeys following inhalation exposure may be attributable, at least in part, to regional gas uptake patterns that are a consequence of nasal airflow characteristics. Inspiratory nasal airflo...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(05)80005-5
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a recognized broad-spectrum antagonist of excitatory amino acid receptors with a particularly high affinity for the glycine co-agonist site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex. KYNA is also a putative endogenous neuroprotectant. Recent studies show that KYNA strongly blocks alp...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.011
更新日期:2009-10-15 00:00:00