Abstract:
:To examine the mechanisms of autoregulatory impairment in meningitis, we studied the effects of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) on pial vessels during hemorrhagic hypotension in rats, using a cranial window technique. We prepared cranial windows in barbiturate-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid or 10(5) Hib in cerebrospinal fluid (n = 7 each group) was suffused over the pial surface. Pial arteriolar diameter was measured hourly for 4 h. Autoregulation was assessed as the ability of pial arterioles to dilate in response to graded hemorrhagic hypotension at 2 and 4 h. Pial arterioles exposed to Hib dilated progressively to 149 +/- 27% of baseline at 4 h. Vessel diameter in the Hib group was significantly greater than in the control group beginning at 2 h. Autoregulation was progressively impaired in Hib-exposed rats compared with control rats [-5.85 +/- 1.38 versus -8.02 +/- 2.02 and -3.82 +/- 1.57 versus -8.53 +/- 1.72% dilation/kPa fall in mean arterial blood pressure at 2 and 4 h, respectively (p < 0.05)]. These data suggest that autoregulation is impaired in pial arterioles exposed to Hib because involved vessels have a finite dilatory capacity and are close to maximal dilation before hypotensive challenge.
journal_name
Pediatr Resjournal_title
Pediatric researchauthors
Berkowitz ID,Hayden WR,Traystman RJ,Jones MD Jrdoi
10.1203/00006450-199301000-00010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
48-51issue
1eissn
0031-3998issn
1530-0447journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the evolution of brain edema was investigated in an experimental model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Seven-d postnatal rats were subjected to unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by 3 h of hypoxia with 8% oxygen at 37 degrees C. This in...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199005000-00007
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 2-month-old white girl had severe liver disease (but without signs of hepatic necrosis, infection or cirrhosis), urinary cytomegalovirus, transient reduction of alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration and transient abnormal alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype that were not present in her parents. Five serum specimens that were ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198203000-00006
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neonatal haemorrhaging is often co-observed with thrombocytopenia; however, no evidence of a causal relationship with low platelet count has been reported. Regardless, the administration of a platelet transfusion is often based upon this parameter. Accurate measurement of platelet function in small volumes o...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41390-019-0316-9
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::125I-Tyr insulin (125I-Tyr Ins) was injected into the vitelline vein of rat fetuses in utero after 17, 19, or 21 days of gestation. Three min later, the weight and radioactivity of various organs and of the remaining carcass were measured. A radioactivity concentration index (RCI) was calculated by dividing the specif...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198109000-00014
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Altered pulmonary vascular resistance might be a factor for delayed closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) in preterm infants. Angiotensin II plays a central role in the elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance. Angiotensin II exerts its vasoconstrictor effect on the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Homozygous ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000088016.67117.39
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is a naturally occurring model of cerebral catecholamine and serotonin shortage. Examination of the stimulated release and physiologic secretion pattern of several hormones in affected individuals permits certain conclusions concerning the involvement of these neurotransmitt...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199804000-00006
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the fetal rat, nitrofen induces congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and pulmonary vascular remodeling similar to what is observed in the human condition. Airway hyperactivity is common in infants with CDH and attributed to the ventilator-induced airway damage. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000057986.74037.7B
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A four-year-old Israeli Arab boy was found to have glycogen accumulation in both liver and muscle without clinical symptoms. Liver phosphorylase kinase (PK) activity was 20% of normal, resulting in undetectable activity of phosphorylase a. Muscle PK activity was about 25% of normal, resulting in a marked decrease of p...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198104000-00002
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Young adult macrosomic offspring of streptozotocin-induced mildly hyperglycemic rats exhibit accelerated growth through the first 10 wk of age. At 10 wk, oral glucose loading resulted in elevated plasma insulin and glucose concentrations compared to controls. To assess the mechanism of the abnormal glucose tolerance i...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199107000-00008
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of Pseudomonas cepacia (but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by beta-lactams was decreased in 5% CO2 in air compared with air alone. The effect of CO2 and pH (range, 6.0 to 8.0) on beta-lactam susceptibility, beta-lactamase expression, and outer membrane proteins was studied in isolates recovered from the sputum...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199403000-00003
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we examined the body composition at onset of puberty in intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR), postnatal food restricted (FR), and control male and female rats. IUGR was induced by ligation of the uterine artery on d 17 of gestation and FR by litter enlargement to 20 pups per mother from d 2 after birth un...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-200110000-00009
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Caffeine is widely used to manage apnea of prematurity, and reduces the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Deregulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling underlies arrested postnatal lung maturation in BPD. It is unclear whether caffeine impacts TGF-β signaling or postnatal lung develop...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/pr.2017.21
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human and ovine placental tissue homogenates were assayed for dipeptidase activity in vitro. Glycyl-L-leucine, L-leucyl glycine, glycyl-L-lysine, and L-lysyl glycine were hydrolyzed by placental homogenates. The pH optimum for the reaction was 8.0. The relationship between enzyme activity and concentration was linear ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198104000-00013
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double-label, double-substrate incubation technique has been developed and used to study the conversion of progesterone to testosterone in testes extracts from incompletely virilized males. The procedure involves separation of the microsomes from a testicular homogenate, incubating the microsomes with 1 microM [7-3H...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198408000-00018
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated early postnatal changes of the mesenteric circulation and its relationship to the systemic circulation in two groups of newborn infants. Group I (n = 10) was studied before the first feeding at 1 h and preprandially at 6 and 24 h. Group II (n = 10) was studied before the first feeding at 2 h of age and...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199409000-00011
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a product of arachidonic acid metabolism and a potent chemoattractant for adult polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). LTB4 may be an important inflammatory mediator in neonatal lung disorders such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but neonatal PMN chemotaxis to LTB4 has not been studied. We compare...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199303000-00006
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many attempts have been made to obtain safe and effective analgesia in newborns. Oral glucose-water has been found to have analgesic properties in neonates. We investigated whether other sensory stimulation added to oral glucose provided more effective analgesia than oral glucose alone. In a randomized prospective dou...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1203/00006450-200204000-00010
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interactions between CD40 and CD40L (CD154) are critical for effective humoral immune response. CD40 signaling facilitates T lymphocyte dependent B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin isotype switch. The objective of our study was to investigate the CD40 and CD40L expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000219298.96471.18
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opsonisation of heat-killed bakers yeast and C3 and C4 concentrations were determined in sera from 69 children with liver disease and 39 controls as simple screening procedures for abnormalities in the complement system. Where significant defects in these moieties were encountered, the activity of the following was me...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198304000-00014
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of neonatal rats to > or = 95% O2 for 2 wk, a widely used model of oxidant/antioxidant interactions in neonatal lung injury, results in arrested lung growth without the dysplastic lesions observed in chronic human neonatal lung injury. To determine whether dysplastic lung cell growth would be seen at lesser O...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199606000-00001
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prematurity is associated with delayed postnatal activation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and impaired switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. Fatty acids (FA), which represent a major energy substrate in mature muscle cells, are engaged in the postnatal activation of genes of energy metabolism an...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000054687.07095.0B
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bradycardia and oxygen desaturation episodes are common among preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and their association with adverse outcomes such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is unclear. METHODS:For 502 VLBW infants we quantified bradycardias (HR ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0223-5
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral concentrations of phenylalanine (PHE) were measured by means of quantitative in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy in 8 adult patients treated early for phenylketonuria type I. A 1.5-Tesla routine magnetic resonance scanner, localization sequence with short echo time (20 ms), and a fully automated data processing scheme...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199511000-00005
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groups of newborn rats were transthoracically inoculated with 1 X 10(6) type III group B streptococci/g body wt, either alone or in combination with 1.5 microgram/g body wt of type-specific antibody derived from hybridoma cell lines. Ninety-four percent of the animals who received bacteria alone died. In contrast, non...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198310000-00005
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our goal for this study was to determine whether the maturation of fat absorption in neonatal life is functionally related to an increased ability to hydrolyze dietary fat, to absorb long-chain fatty acids, or to do both. In 16 preterm and in eight term neonates, the intestinal ability to hydrolyze triacylglycerols an...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-200201000-00011
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudohypoaldosteronism is a hereditary salt-wasting syndrome usually seen in infancy with weight loss, dehydration, and failure to thrive. The pathophysiologic origin of pseudohypoaldosteronism is unknown. The defect could be related to the unresponsiveness of target organs to mineralocorticoids resulting in hyponatr...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199403000-00021
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The response to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib PS) has been used to determine the molecular basis of antibody gene diversity in humans. In contrast to the relatively restricted nature of anti-Hib PS heavy-chain variable region gene expression, a variety of light-chain variable region...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199303000-00022
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Near-infrared spectroscopy is a noninvasive method for monitoring brain oxygenation. The aim of the study was to investigate differences between cerebral oxygenation in different brain regions in newborns. In a prospective study, we monitored simultaneously left and right frontoparietal and temporo-occipital regional ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31822a36db
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Labeled choline incorporation into adult rat lung alveolar epithelial cells and adult rat lung fibroblasts in monolayer culture was determined after incubation with insulin (Ins) 10 micrograms/ml, Dexamethasone (Dex) 10(-6)M, or no drug (ND). Incubation periods were 1, 3, 4, and 5 hours. The lecithin (phosphatidyl cho...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198007000-00014
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In preterm infants, low levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) have been associated with impaired growth and retinopathy of prematurity. Our objective was to study safety and pharmacokinetics of i.v. administered rhIGF-I with its binding protein 3 (rhIGFBP-3) to preterm infants. At 3 d chronological age, an i....
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819d9e8c
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00