Abstract:
:The toxicity of 137Cs in the beagle dog was investigated at the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute (ITRI) and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) as part of programs to evaluate the biological effects of both radionuclides in atomic bomb fallout and internally deposited fission-product radionuclides. In the ITRI study, young adult dogs were exposed once by intravenous injection to a range of 137Cs concentrations; the results have recently been published (Nikula et al., Radiat. Res. 142, 347-361, 1995). The purpose of the present report is to summarize the ANL study and to compare the results of the two studies. At ANL, 63 dogs in three age groups (15 juveniles, 142-151 days old; 38 young adults, 388-427 days old; and 10 middle-aged dogs, 1387-2060 days old) were given 137Cs intravenously at levels (61-162 MBq/kg) near those expected to be lethal within 30 days after injection. There were 17 control dogs from the same colony. Twenty-three of the dogs injected with 137Cs, including all middle-aged dogs, died within 52 days after injection due to hematopoietic cell damage resulting in severe pancytopenia that led to fatal hemorrhage and/or septicemia. The other significant early effect was damage to the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules of all male dogs. These early effects are the same as those reported for the dogs injected with 137Cs at ITRI. In addition, the design of the ANL study revealed an age- and gender-related differential radiosensitivity for early effects: The middle-aged dogs died significantly earlier due to complications of hematological dyscrasia compared to the juvenile and young adult dogs, and the middle-aged females died significantly earlier than the middle-aged males. The most significant non-neoplastic late effects in the 137Cs-injected dogs from ANL and ITRI were atrophy of the germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules with azoospermia, and a significant dose-dependent decrease in survival. However, the survival of the ANL dogs was decreased more than that of the ITRI dogs at similar radiation doses from 137Cs. Numerous neoplasms occurred at many different sites in the dogs injected with 137Cs at ANL and ITRI. Two differences in the findings of the two studies were that (1) there was an increased risk for malignant thyroid neoplasms in the ANL male dogs injected with 137Cs, but not the ITRI dogs of either gender, and (2) there was an increased relative risk for benign neoplasms excluding mammary neoplasms in the ITRI dogs injected with 137Cs, but not the ANL dogs. In both groups, there were dose-related increased incidences of malignant neoplasms, malignant neoplasms excluding mammary neoplasms, all sarcomas considered as a group, all non-mammary carcinomas considered as a group and malignant liver neoplasms. In summary, the similarity of the findings between the two studies and the dose-response relationships for survival and for large groupings of neoplasms suggests that these results are consistent findings in 137Cs-injected dogs and might be dose-related late effects in humans exposed to sufficient amounts of internally deposited 137Cs.
journal_name
Radiat Resjournal_title
Radiation researchauthors
Nikula KJ,Muggenburg BA,Griffith WC,Carlton WW,Fritz TE,Boecker BBsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
536-47issue
5eissn
0033-7587issn
1938-5404journal_volume
146pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells became thermotolerant after treatment with either heat for 10 min at 45.5 degrees C or incubation in 100 microM sodium arsenite for 1 h at 37 degrees C. Thermotolerance was tested using heat treatment at 45 degrees C or 43 degrees C administered 6-12 h after the inducing agent. At 45 ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Radiation research
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doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have tested an 836.55 MHz field with North American Digital Cellular (NADC) modulation in a 2-year animal bioassay that included fetal exposure. In offspring of pregnant Fischer 344 rats, we tested both spontaneous tumorigenicity and the incidence of induced central nervous system (CNS) tumors after a single dose o...
journal_title:Radiation research
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journal_title:Radiation research
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更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Radiation research
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doi:10.1667/rr3360
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The analysis of mitotic indices (MI) and chromosome breakages in metaphases of 50-hr lymphocyte cultures exposed to the calcium or zinc chelates of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) demonstrated: (1) an 80% reduction in MI in cultures from three women but no reduction in those from two men after in vitro expo...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study has been made of methods for rapidly inactivating cells of E. coli at neutral pH to prevent enzymatic, chemical, or physical modification to DNA damaged by irradiation. The radiation was delivered in a fraction of a second using an electron accelerator. Cell inactivation was with ethanol or a solution (CSE) co...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation therapy for the treatment of thoracic cancers may be associated with radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), especially in long-term cancer survivors. Mechanisms by which radiation causes heart disease are largely unknown. To identify potential long-term contributions of mitochondria in the development of ra...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR13452.1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is currently still the only known chelating drug that can be used for decorporation of internalized plutonium (Pu) and americium (Am). It is generally assumed that chelation occurs only in biological fluids, thus preventing Pu/Am deposition in target tissues. We postulate that...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR14193.1
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular imaging is an evolving science that is concerned with the development of novel imaging probes and biomarkers that can be used to non-invasively image molecular and cellular processes. This special issue approaches molecular imaging in the context of radiation research, focusing on biomarkers and imaging meth...
journal_title:Radiation research
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doi:10.1667/rr2959.1
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used Escherichia coli B/r to test the proposal that hydroxyl radicals (.OH) are major contributors to lethal damage when bacteria in equilibrium with air or 100% nitrogen are exposed to ionizing radiation. In addition, we have tested the hypothesis that oxygen sensitizes bacterial cells to radiation by reactin...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radiation environment in low-Earth orbit is a complex mixture of galactic cosmic radiation, particles of trapped belts and secondary particles generated in both the spacecraft and Earth's atmosphere. Infrequently, solar energetic particles are injected into the Earth's magnetosphere and can penetrate into low-Eart...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper evaluates the global vitamin D effective UV (UV(vitd)) irradiances under cloudy conditions at a subtropical, southern hemisphere site. The UV(vitd) irradiances were analyzed on a horizontal plane and sampled at 5-min intervals over 18 months so that a wide range of parameters including cloud conditions, sol...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR1936.1
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chomentowski, M., Kellerer, A. M. and Pierce, D. A. Radiation Dose Dependences in the Atomic Bomb Survivor Cancer Mortality Data: A Model-Free Visualization. The standard approach to obtaining nominal risk coefficients for radiation-related cancer involves fitting linear or linear-quadratic dose-response functions. Th...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0289:rddita]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been acknowledged for many years that radiation exposure induces delayed, non-targeted effects in the progeny of the irradiated cell. Evidence is beginning to demonstrate that among these delayed effects of radiation are epigenetic aberrations, including altered DNA methylation. To test the hypothesis that diff...
journal_title:Radiation research
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更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation-induced neurotoxicity is a well-characterized phenomenon. However, the underlying mechanism of this toxicity is poorly understood. In the central nervous system (CNS), excitotoxic mechanisms are implicated in many neurodegenerative disease processes. Pivotal to the excitotoxic pathway is dysfunction of gluta...
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journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wortmannin has been shown to be an efficient radiosensitizer. Since wortmannin is able to inhibit DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and double-strand break (DSB) rejoining, it is believed that its mechanism of radiation sensitization is through the inhibition of DNA-PK-mediated repair of DSBs. However, since wortm...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on an isolated neuronal network without complicating systemic factors, slices of hippocampus from the guinea pig were isolated and studied in vitro. Slices were irradiated with a 60Co source and compared to paired, sham-irradiated controls. Electrophysiological activity...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown significant pathology in the heart and kidney of murine hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) survivors of 8.7-9.0 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI). The goal of this study was to determine temporal relationships in the development of vasculopathy and the progression of renal and cardio...
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更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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