Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review provides an overview of newly described mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ, and δ) regulate several factors associated with cardiovascular risk. RECENT FINDINGS:PPAR agonists have known effects on plasma lipoprotein levels, inflammation, and insulin resistance all of which influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies provide more detail regarding the mechanisms behind these changes. PPAR-α activation in the enterocyte on HDL and chylomicron formation. PPAR-γ agonists reduce inflammation, in part, through direct effects on adipocytes and regulatory T cells within visceral adipose. PPAR-δ also has a relatively high expression in the macrophage. Incubation of macrophages with PPAR-δ agonists was shown to inhibit foam cell formation induced excessive levels of VLDL remnants. SUMMARY:Treatments that activate PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and PPAR-δ alone or in combination have the potential to reduce cardiovascular risk although multiple independent mechanisms. Treatment with PPAR agonists can reduce the burden of atherogenic postprandial lipoproteins and improve vascular function, reduce inflammation and inhibit foam cell formation. All of these would be expected to have favorable effects on cardiovascular risk. The challenge remains to develop compounds that maximize these potential cardiovascular benefits while minimizing undesirable effects of these compounds.
journal_name
Curr Opin Lipidoljournal_title
Current opinion in lipidologyauthors
Millar JSdoi
10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283613a7dsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
233-8issue
3eissn
0957-9672issn
1473-6535journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors, or statins, have been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among a wide spectrum of patients with established atherosclerotic vascular disease. Mounting experimental and clinical evidence also suggest a potential benefit...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mol.0000191916.89121.d3
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:As our understanding of cardiovascular disease has advanced over the past decades, multiple novel treatment strategies have been developed with the hope of reducing the global morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Large-scale trials to test such novel therapies using clinical end poi...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000350
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Hepatic steatosis is a leading cause of adult and paediatric liver disease and is inextricably linked to obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Here we summarize our current understanding of the role of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) in hepatic steato...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e328338ca61
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low folate intake is an important determinant of elevated blood levels of homocysteine. Because elevated homocysteine has been shown to be a possible graded risk factor for CHD, sufficient folate intake may be important in the prevention of CHD. The magnitude of the association between folate and CHD is consistent wit...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199802000-00005
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Sortilin, encoded SORT1 gene at chromosome 1p13.3, is a multiligand receptor that traffics protein from the Golgi to the endosomes, secretory vesicles, and the cell surface. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed an association between sortilin and reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) as we...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000598
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Atherogenic dyslipidaemia, characterized by high plasma triglycerides (a surrogate for triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and contributes to a high modifiable residual cardiovascula...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000640
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Control of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype is essential in the development and maintenance of a healthy vasculature. Acquisition of a synthetic, proproliferative phenotype by VSMCs following vascular insult is central to neointimal formation and the development of vascular pathology. Micr...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32835719a1
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The VLDL receptor (VLDLR) is a member of the LDL receptor family. The VLDLR was hypothesized to mediate fatty acid entry into peripheral tissues, on the basis of its expression in tissues that are active in fatty acid metabolism and its capacity to bind apolipoprotein-E-rich VLDL in vitro. This hypothesis initially pr...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200106000-00006
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Randomized clinical trials provide strong evidence that pharmacological elevation of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) fails to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in statin-treated humans. It is thus critical to identify new metrics that capture HDL's cardioprotective effects. RECENT FINDINGS:We review r...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000209
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Use of suitable animal models is essential for investigation of the mechanisms underlying cardiac events and development of the therapeutic strategies; however, ideal animal models that can recapitulate human coronary atherosclerosis and subsequent acute myocardial infarction are still lacking. In thi...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283189c18
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize recent advances towards an understanding of the three-dimensional structures of the apolipoprotein components of HDL with a specific focus on high resolution models of apolipoprotein A-I. RECENT FINDINGS:Since the primary sequence was first reported, various models have been advanced for...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mol.0000169349.38321.ad
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidatively damaged LDL may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Several pathways promote LDL oxidation in vitro but the physiologically relevant mechanisms have proven difficult to identify. Detection of stable compounds that result from specific reaction pathways has provided...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199710000-00005
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) family proteins, comprising three members, Cidea, Cideb, and Fsp27 (Cidec), have emerged as important regulators for various aspects of metabolism. This review summarizes our current understanding about the physiological roles of CIDE proteins, their ...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e328328d0bb
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:As the incidence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome has increased, research has focused on the importance of the endocannabinoid system in the brain and peripheral tissues. Rimonabant, an inverse agonist of the CB1 receptor is being used therapeutically. This review presents recent advances in endo...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e328304b62b
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The discovery of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and ezetimibe, a drug that lowers intestinal cholesterol absorption, has contributed to the recognition of the intestine as an important organ in whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Unfortunately, the majority of the studies on NPC1L1 have been conducte...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283468c28
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apolipoprotein E has key functions in lipoprotein metabolism, and polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E gene are associated with distinct lipoprotein patterns. The possibility of gene-nutrient interactions for apolipoprotein E has been addressed in many studies. Although results have generally been mixed, the indicati...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200202000-00005
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Bile acid sequestrants (BAS) have been used for more than 50 years in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The last decade, bile acids are emerging as integrated regulators of metabolism via induction of various signal transduction pathways. Consequently, BAS treatment may exert unexpected side-effe...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834f0ef3
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool for studying metabolic processes and in recent years, the applications in the area of nutrition have risen rapidly. The present review gives an overview of the current applications in the field of nutrition and identifies areas in need of advancement. RECEN...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000140
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The menopause and its biology are as yet still incompletely understood. Very little is known about biological and molecular changes in cardiovascular target tissues and organs after menopause. Experimental and clinical evidence indicate that prevention of cardiovascular disease by estrogens is aimed both at the correc...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199708000-00007
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Dietary and blood carotenoids, including alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin, have been examined in a number of epidemiological studies in recent years for the risk of cardiovascular disease. This review assimilated the existing and recent literature on c...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mol.0000203888.42514.27
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review the recent studies on intensive glucose control and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes, to discuss potential reasons for discordant results among recent trials, and to comment on implications for clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS:Three large randomized controlled t...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e328332dfaa
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most likely cholesterol-raising factors in unfiltered coffee are kahweol and cafestol. Different brewing methods alter the concentrations of these diterpenes and have caused discrepant results in studies from different parts of the world. The effect of tea on the risk of coronary heart disease is much less clear b...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199502000-00006
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fatty acid transport proteins are a family of proteins involved in fatty acid uptake and activation. This review summarizes recent progress in elucidating the function of fatty acid transport proteins. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent experiments clearly establish FATP1 as a regulated fatty acid transporter in...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3281338558
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present review summarizes recent advances in the transcriptional regulation of the human apolipoprotein genes, focusing mostly, but not exclusively, on in-vivo studies and signaling mechanisms that affect apolipoprotein gene transcription. An attempt is made to explain how interactions of transcription factors tha...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200104000-00012
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid-poor apolipoproteins remove cellular cholesterol and phospholipids by an active transport pathway controlled by an ATP binding cassette transporter called ABCA1 (formerly ABC1). Mutations in ABCA1 cause Tangier disease, a severe HDL deficiency syndrome characterized by a rapid turnover of plasma apolipoprotein A...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200006000-00005
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Inflammation has been widely acknowledged to contribute throughout all stages of atherogenesis. However, these recent advances in our understanding have not been translated into clinical practice in which the mainstay of treatment is still lipid-targeted therapy. This review provides an overview of pr...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283587543
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The interest for the human HDL system was recently revived by the identification of the ABCA1 as a critical component in the formation and maintenance of plasma HDL levels. The present review focuses on recent progress in our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying HDL biogenesis pathways. R...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mol.0000226117.43178.7c
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis. We review recent studies that highlight Lp(a) in CVD and calcific aortic valve stenosis and propose pathways to clinical registration of Lp(a)-lowering agents. RECENT FINDINGS:Over the last fe...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000131
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of atherosclerosis in animal models and the incidence of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women are markedly reduced by estrogen treatment. Estrogen have acute beneficial effects on vascular reactivity and longer-term effects on critical steps in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Phytoestrog...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199810000-00010
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent epidemiological data have reaffirmed that elevated plasma triglyceride and low HDL-cholesterol levels are important risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease. The rationale for the clinical use of fibric acid derivatives, which are designed to correct this metabolic nexus, is now on firmer ground. The m...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199912000-00011
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00