Abstract:
:The extreme toxicity of organophosphorous-based compounds has been known since the late 1930s. Starting in the mid-1940s, many nations throughout the world have been producing large quantities of organophosphorous (OP) nerve agents. Huge stockpiles of nerve agents have since developed. There are reportedly more than 200,000 tons of nerve agents in existence worldwide. There is an obvious need for protective clothing capable of guarding an individual from exposure to OP chemical weapons. Also, chemical processes that can effectively demilitarize and detoxify stored nerve agents are in great demand. The new and widely publicized Chemical Weapons Treaty requires such processes to soon be in place throughout the world. Biotechnology may provide the tools necessary to make such processes not only possible, but quite efficient in reducing the nerve agent dilemma. The following paper discusses some of the history in developing enzyme technology against nerve agents. Our laboratory has interest in enhancing the productivity and potential utility of these systems in both demilitarization and decontamination applications. Freeze-dried nerve agent-hydrolyzing enzyme preparations have been shown to be effective in decontaminating gaseous nerve agents. The direct incorporation of nerve agent-hydrolyzing enzymes within cross-linked polyurethane foam matrices during polymer synthesis has been shown to dramatically enhance the productivity of two different enzyme systems. The future goal of such work lies in building a bridge between the clinical application of nerve agent-hydrolyzing enzymes and practical processing techniques that may take advantage of the initial results already achieved in the laboratory.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
LeJeune KE,Dravis BC,Yang F,Hetro AD,Doctor BP,Russell AJdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10298.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-13 00:00:00pages
153-70eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
864pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Neuroscience has made tremendous progress delineating the cellular and molecular processes important for understanding neuronal development and behavior, but this knowledge has been slow to translate to new treatments for psychiatric illness. To accelerate this transfer of knowledge to the human condition requires the...
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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