Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) are commonly used measures in clinical practice and research. It is important that such scales measure the trait they purport to measure and that the impact of other measurement artefacts is minimal. Differential item functioning of these scales by gender, educational background and age is currently assessed. METHODS:Severity of depression and anxiety symptoms were measured in primary care patients referred to mental health workers using the PHQ-9 and HADS. Each scale was assessed for Differential Item Functioning (DIF) and Differential Test Function (DTF) by gender, educational background and age. Minimum n per analysis=895. DIF was assessed with Mantel's χ(2), Liu-Agresti cumulative common odds ratio (LA LOR) and the standardised LA LOR (LA LOR-Z). DTF was assessed in relation to ν(2). RESULTS:PHQ-9, HADS Depression Sub-scale (HADS-D) and HADS Anxiety Subscale (HADS-A) lacked bias in terms of gender and educational background (ν(2)<0.07). However, both PHQ-9 and HADS-D exhibited bias with regard to age: PHQ-9 ν(2)=0.103 (medium effect); HADS-D ν(2)=0.214 (large effect). PHQ-9 items exhibiting DIF by age covered: anhedonia, energy and low mood. HADS-D items exhibiting DIF by age covered psychomotor retardation and interest in appearance. LIMITATIONS:No assessment of other potential DIF contributors was made. CONCLUSIONS:PHQ-9, HADS-D and HADS-A generally do not exhibit bias for gender and educational background. However bias was observed in PHQ-9 and HADS-D for age. Caution should be exercised interpreting scores both in clinical practice and research.
journal_name
J Affect Disordjournal_title
Journal of affective disordersauthors
Cameron IM,Crawford JR,Lawton K,Reid ICdoi
10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-05-01 00:00:00pages
262-8issue
1-3eissn
0165-0327issn
1573-2517pii
S0165-0327(12)00768-9journal_volume
147pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The exact neurophysiological mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for treating patients with depression remains elusive. Results of previous neurophysiological studies support the hypothesis that aberrant functional connectivity underlies the pathophysiology of depression, which engenders abnormal el...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.029
更新日期:2013-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Platelet monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) and clinical symptoms were examined in 116 individuals, 32 acute depressed patients and 84 healthy controls. The enzyme activity was lower in depressed women than controls. MAO activity correlated positively with rated clinical state in depressed women but not in depressed men...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-0327(95)00043-m
更新日期:1995-10-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of depression is increased in people with diabetes and there are both national and international recommendations for screening of depression in people with diabetes. The aim of this review is to assess the justification for screening for depression in people with diabetes. METHODS:The viabili...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(12)70011-3
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Comorbidity between Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and major depression is highly prevalent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of SUDs in subjects diagnosed with a major depressive disorder (MDD) in community, inpatient and outpatient settings. METHODS:A comprehensive...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.141
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiological and clinical studies have reported the frequent co-occurrence of social phobia (SP) and alcohol use disorders. Patients with SP often use alcohol to cope with the social situations they fear, and to lessen anticipatory anxiety, behavioral inhibition, and phobic avoidance. We investigated whet...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00316-5
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recognition of depression and anxiety by general practitioners (GPs) is suboptimal and there is uncertainty as to whether particular somatic health problems hinder or facilitate GP recognition. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between somatic health problems and GP recognition ...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.030
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Complex polypharmacy (CP) is common in bipolar disorder (BD). We assessed the associations between CP, adherence, and side effect burden, and patient traits associated with clinical improvement in relationship to CP. METHODS:We conducted a secondary analysis of 482 adult BD participants in the Bipolar CHOIC...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.050
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This paper aims to examine associations between pet ownership and symptoms of depression in a large, population-based sample of older adults. Specifically, we tested whether: (i) people who report more depressive symptoms are more likely to own a pet; (ii) pet ownership protects against an increase in depres...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.134
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent evidence suggests an association between cognitive anxiety sensitivity and suicidal ideation. Cognitive anxiety sensitivity has also been implicated as a precursor to various forms of overarousal. These manifestations of overarousal (i.e., agitation, insomnia, nightmares, and anger) may account for th...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.014
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The maternity blues have been studied world-wide and are generally regarded as a cross-cultural phenomenon. However, low prevalence rates of the blues have been reported recently in studies of Japanese women. The purposes of this study are, firstly, to establish whether the low prevalence noted in Japanese w...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00039-3
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Old age is accompanied by a higher risk of losing a spouse. This study aims to longitudinally investigate the effect of widowhood on depression severity with a special focus on sex differences. We examine depression before and after widowhood in men and women separately to investigate which sex is at greater...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.047
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background. Social phobia has been under-recognised and under-treated in many countries. Little is known about its economic impact. This study aimed to identify the economic consequences of social phobia for individuals, health services and wider society. Methods. Secondary analysis of 1993-1994 Psychiatric Morbidity ...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00323-2
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent decades, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depression has received intensive attention. However, the relationship between proBDNF and depression has not been clearly elucidated. METHODS:Forty drug-free women patients diagnosed with major depression and 50 healthy female contr...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.002
更新日期:2013-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to improve the classification of Bipolar II disorders, we have examined a consecutive series of 687 primary major depressives: 5.1% gave a past history of mania (Bipolar I), 13.7% met our operational criteria for hypomania (Bipolar II), and the remaining 81.2% were provisionally categorized as 'unipolar....
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-0327(92)90044-7
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among 231 manic-depressive patients, 18 (7.8%) had a first- or second-degree relative who had committed suicide. There were no significant differences between the unipolar or bipolar patients for a family history of suicide. The literature is reviewed and the possible implications discussed. ...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-0327(85)90044-8
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data presented during the 1996 CINP President's Workshop supported the conclusion that unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) is a pleomorphic mood disorder consisting of a cluster of depressive subtypes existing in a relatively homogeneous symptomatic clinical continuum, extending from subsyndromal depressive sympt...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type:
doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00064-5
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is no established psychometric instrument dedicated to the measurement of severity in psychotic depression (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether a new composite rating scale, the Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS), covering both the psychotic and the depressive domains of PD,...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.020
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a discrepancy in the frequency of non-lethal and lethal suicidal behavior. Given the extensive training in firearms within the military and prior research indicating that military personnel exhibit elevated mean levels of the acquired capability, we hypothesized that the ratio between non-lethal and...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.045
更新日期:2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous functional neuroimaging studies of depression have demonstrated frontotemporal dysfunction, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while patients perform working memory and language comprehension tasks. Recent near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies have shown frontotemporal hypofunction in...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.010
更新日期:2018-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that suicide rates are likely to increase after the occurrence of earthquakes. Most existing studies that examined the relationship between PTSD and suicidality focus on risk factors. It remains unclear whether protective factors, such as post-traumatic growth (PTG) and social sup...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.030
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective adjuvant treatment for depression. Many patients with depression have comorbid anxiety symptoms. However, previous rTMS studies have focused on patients with depression, and often excluded comorbid anxiety. This real-world study aimed to inv...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.151
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered to be a heterogeneous disorder, the nature of the heterogeneity remains unclear. Studies have attempted to classify patients with MDD using latent variable techniques, yet the empirical approaches to symptom-based subtyping of MDD have not provided conclusi...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.053
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) were measured in female psychiatric inpatients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of major depression, mania, generalized anxiety and somatization disorder. In addition, elderly patients with dementia disorde...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-0327(92)90091-j
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Light therapy has been successfully used to treat seasonal and non-seasonal depression, but there is limited evidence for its efficacy in subthreshold depression. This study examines the efficacy of light therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety in non-seasonal subthreshold depression. METHODS:College...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.055
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Given the poor prognosis of late-life depression, it is crucial to identify those at risk. Our objective was to construct and validate a prediction rule for an unfavourable course of late-life depression. METHODS:For development and internal validation of the model, we used The Netherlands Study of Depressi...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.026
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:According to cognitive vulnerability stress models of depression, negative cognitions are supposed to be stable characteristics of depressed individuals even between depressive episodes. Depressed people also interpret social information more negatively than healthy people, perhaps even between depressive ep...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.02.017
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High levels of public spending, rising costs of treatments and scarcity of mental health resources have intensified the need for information on the cost-effectiveness of interventions for depression. There have been few reviews that consider the cost-effectiveness of all treatments for depression together. ...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.10.003
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Coexisting anxiety is common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and more difficult to treat than depression without anxiety. This analysis assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of vortioxetine in MDD patients with high levels of anxiety (baseline Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [HAM-A] total score ≥2...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.015
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several self-report rating scales have been developed to assess suicidal ideation, yet few examine other factors related to increased suicidal risk, and even fewer have been validated in both adolescents and adults. We evaluate the 14-item Concise Health Risk Tracking - Self Report (CHRT-SR), a measure previ...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.03.007
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Popular literature suggests a relationship between entrepreneurship and manic tendencies, yet little scientific research has evaluated whether manic tendencies foster entrance into entrepreneurial roles, intent to become an entrepreneur, or success as an entrepreneur. METHODS:In study 1, 225 undergraduates ...
journal_title:Journal of affective disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.049
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00