Abstract：
:The effect of increasing task difficulty on the threshold of rewarding, electrical brain stimulation was evaluated. Rats were trained to press a lever to obtain a brief burst of pulses to the lateral hypothalamus. The threshold was psychophysically scaled using a descending method of limits in which the pulse frequency was varied to yield a maximum to minimum range of self-stimulation rates. As expected, weighting the lever with 0, 15, 30, or 45 g produced progressive decreases in maximal rates, but it also caused a weight-related shift to the right of the rate-frequency ogives in each of the 7 rats. Although the degree of shift varied from rat to rat, it did not matter whether criterion performance was defined as half-maximum rate or as a constant rate of 5 responses. These results suggest that the effort required to make the operant response contributes to the position of rate-frequency curves and, further, that shifts in rate-frequency functions must be interpreted with caution when such shifts are obtained by CNS lesions or drug injections.
journal_name
Behav Brain Resjournal_title
Behavioural brain researchauthors
Fouriezos G,Bielajew C,Pagotto Wdoi
10.1016/0166-4328(90)90066-nsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-02-12 00:00:00pages
1-7issue
1eissn
0166-4328issn
1872-7549pii
0166-4328(90)90066-Njournal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The present study examines two characteristic traits of the hippocampus in apomorphine-susceptible (APO-SUS) and apomorphine-unsusceptible (APO-UNSUS) Wistar rat lines. Since hippocampal mossy fibers contain among others dynorphin B as transmitter, a radioimmunoassay was used to analyze the hippocampal dynorphin B exp...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-4328(93)90117-9
更新日期：1993-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of ritanserin (5-HT2 antagonist) on scopolamine (muscarinic cholinergic antagonist)-induced amnesia in Morris water maze (MWM) was investigated. Rats were divided into eight groups and bilaterally cannulated into CA1 region of the hippocampus. One week later, they received repeatedly vehicles (saline, DMSO,...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2005.11.016
更新日期：2006-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic restraint stress (CRS) causes hippocampal neurodegeneration and hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits. Flupirtine represents neuroprotective effects and we have previously shown that flupirtine can protect against memory impairment induced by acute stress. The present study aimed to investigate whether flup...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.004
更新日期：2015-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse represent major unmet medical needs. The zebrafish is considered to be a promising vertebrate species with which the effects of alcohol on brain function and behavior and the mechanisms underlying these effects may be studied. Alcohol is known to induce alterations in motor functio...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.021
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study addresses whether or not mild, forced treadmill exercise improves learning and increases neurotrophin levels in the basal forebrain (BF). Neurotrophin deficits in the BF have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, and physical exercise increases neurotrophins. Aged rats exercised for 7 weeks found the hidd...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2005.11.008
更新日期：2006-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoamines such as norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) have shown to play an important role in motor recovery after brain injury. The effects elicited by these neurotransmitters have been reported as distal from the area directly affected. Remote changes may take place over minutes to weeks and play an important ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.009
更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Weight gain and sexual dysfunction are serious side effects of certain antipsychotic drugs. Ziprasidone, a novel antipsychotic with a unique receptor binding profile, is reported to have a low propensity for such side effects. Previous results from this laboratory have demonstrated substantial weight gain following su...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2004.12.015
更新日期：2005-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual differences in coping response lie at the core of vulnerability to conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Like humans, not all animals exposed to severe stress show lasting change in affect. Predator stress is a traumatic experience inducing long-lasting fear, but not in all rodents. Thus, i...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2009.08.014
更新日期：2009-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Memory consolidation is the process by which recently acquired information becomes stable and is modulated by different neurotransmitters depending on the structure involved and the nature of the memory. Here we evaluate the participation of both D1 and D5 dopamine receptors in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.027
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although lesion studies suggest that the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFc) is involved in the process necessary for reversal of a particular set of contingencies, the nature of lesion-induced deficits is unclear. The involvement of rat mPFc in reversal of a simple spatial discrimination was examined in the present s...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2003.10.034
更新日期：2004-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Modulation of short-term emotions by long-term mood is little understood but relevant to understand the affective system and of importance in respect to animal welfare: a negative mood might taint experiences, whilst a positive mood might alleviate single negative events. To induce different mood states in sheep housi...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.036
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Severe temporal lobe epilepsy in humans is often associated with loss of neurons in the hippocampus and memory deficits. In Experiment 1, 60 min of continuous electrical stimulation of the perforant path sufficient to produce seizures resembling status epilepticus and loss of hilar and pyramidal cells in the hippocamp...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-4328(99)00107-2
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both humans and non-humans discount the value of rewards that are delayed or uncertain, and individuals that discount delayed rewards at a relatively high rate are considered impulsive. To investigate the neural mechanisms that mediate delay discounting, the present study examined the effects of excitotoxic lesions of...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2006.06.024
更新日期：2006-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, the effects of post-training intra-dorsal hippocampal (intra-CA1) injection of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist and competitive or noncompetitive antagonists, on memory retention of passive avoidance learning was measured in the presence and absence of physostigmine in rats. Intra-...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2005.12.011
更新日期：2006-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been proposed that the perirhinal cortex is involved in the representation of the characteristics of objects. In particular it has been proposed that it is critical for discriminating between stimuli which have some features in common and thus it has been described as being involved in resolving feature ambigui...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00176-1
更新日期：2004-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure results in a range of deficits, including both volumetric and functional changes in brain regions involved in response inhibition such as the prefrontal cortex and striatum. The current study examined blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response during a stop signal task in adolescents ...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.037
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioural effects of hippocampal lesions have been extensively documented in rats. However, paradigms developed for rats cannot be assumed to transfer straightforwardly to mice; the behaviour of the two species differs in many respects. Mice are currently the species of choice for targeted genetic manipulations....
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00401-6
更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Aerobic training has a neuroprotective effect, reduces the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases and facilitates functional recovery. The present study assesses the effect of aerobic training on cognitive functions, hippocampal BDNF/TrkB ligand receptor system expression and serum levels of BDNF and corticoste...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111963
更新日期：2019-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Wistar male rats were microinfused bilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine or vehicle into the ventral tegmental area. After recovery, ethanol drinking was established using a sucrose-fading paradigm, i.e. rats were given twice a day access to drinks containing increasing amounts of ethanol and decreasing amounts of sucros...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00290-5
更新日期：2002-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The water maze task has been developed to test spatial learning abilities in rats or mice, and is widely used. Though it has been reported before that numerous cognitive abilities are of importance for learning this task, poor performance is usually interpreted as an impairment of spatial memory formation. Previous in...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-4328(98)00134-x
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to social stress increases the vulnerability of experimental animals to the rewarding effects of cocaine and it has been suggested that the glutamatergic system could be involved in these effects of stress. The aim of this work is to determine the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors in the...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.025
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Action observation elicits changes in primary motor cortex known as motor resonance, a phenomenon thought to underpin several functions, including our ability to understand and imitate others' actions. Motor resonance is modulated not only by the observer's motor expertise, but also their gaze behaviour. The aim of th...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112351
更新日期：2020-02-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug addiction is a chronic mental disorder characterized by frequent relapses. Contextual cues associated with drug use to play a critical causal role in drug-seeking behavior. The hippocampus has been implicated in encoding drug associative memories. Here we examine whether the dorsal hippocampus mediates context-in...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112978
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects on latent inhibition (LI; a delay in conditioning when a CS has been pre-exposed without consequences) of repeated restraint stress and the anxiolytic drug diazepam were examined in C57BL/6 mice to know whether previous aversive events or anxiolysis are factors determining the expression of LI. The LI mode...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2007.06.002
更新日期：2007-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Latent inhibition (LI) is a behavioural procedure used to evaluate the potential propsychotic and antipsychotic properties of psychoactive drugs. In the present study, a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) procedure was used to investigate the effects of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine met...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2005.01.008
更新日期：2005-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Morphine, commonly used to relieve the acute or chronic pain, has a high potential for addiction and exerts rewarding effects via a critical role for mesolimbic dopamine system. Studies suggest that addiction-related behavior is highly associated with inflammatory immune response, but the mechanisms are poorly underst...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.022
更新日期：2017-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Behaviours that have been rewarded intermittently persist for longer during periods of non-reward than behaviours that have been rewarded continuously. This classic phenomenon is known as the partial reinforcement extinction effect. For decades it has been generally understood that this phenomenon is fundamental to th...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.024
更新日期：2012-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cohorts of rats with excitotoxic retrosplenial cortex lesions were tested on four behavioural tasks sensitive to dysfunctions in prelimbic cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, or both. In this way the study tested whether retrosplenial cortex has nonspatial functions that reflect its anatomical interactions with these f...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.010
更新日期：2017-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, the effects of intraamygdalar administrations of melatonin (1 and 100μg/kg), saline and diazepam on the anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory performance in pinealectomized and sham-pinealectomized Wistar rats were investigated. The animals were tested by open field and elevated plus maze test...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.029
更新日期：2011-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of neonatal testicular hormones on preference behaviour for an oestrous female rat were investigated. A residential maze was used in which the position of the animals was registered continuously without disturbing them. Two experiments are described. In the first experiment adult male rats which had been c...
journal_title：Behavioural brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-4328(84)90197-9
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
