Abstract:
:The relaxin-like factor (RLF) also named insulin-like 3 (INSL3) consists of two polypeptide chains linked by two interchain and one intrachain disulfide bond. RLF binds to its receptor (LGR8 also named RXFP2) through the B chain and initiates transmembrane communication by activating the adenylate cyclase through the N-terminal region of both chains. Cystine A11-B10 occupies a unique position on the molecular surface just outside the binding region and between the two signaling ports. We have synthesized an RLF analogue in which the disulfide A11-B10 was replaced by a peptide bond and found that cAMP production ceased while receptor binding was not affected. In contrast, replacing the disulfide A24-B22 by a peptide bond reduced potency proportional to the binding affinity and lowered efficacy to 65%, while replacing disulfide A10-A15 by a peptide bond reduced binding affinity to 32% and lowered potency to 7% but maintained 100% efficacy. The exceptional properties of the derivative bearing an A11-B10 isopeptide cross-link suggests that the disulfide has a special role in signal transduction. We propose that disulfide A11-B10 serves as an insulator between the two ports, whereas the amide functionality disturbs the signal transmission complex likely due to changes in polarity. The clear separation between receptor binding and signal activation sites within this small protein permits one to study how the relaxin-like factor initiates the signal on the receptor that induces intracellular cAMP production.
journal_name
Biochemistryjournal_title
Biochemistryauthors
Büllesbach EE,Schwabe Cdoi
10.1021/bi300352xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-05-22 00:00:00pages
4198-205issue
20eissn
0006-2960issn
1520-4995journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BIOCHEMISTRY文献大全abstract::Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs), mostly flavoproteins, were shown to be powerful biocatalysts for synthetic organic chemistry applications and were also suggested to play key roles for the biosyntheses of various natural products. Here we present the three-dimensional structure of MtmOIV, a 56 kDa homodimeric F...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi8023509
更新日期:2009-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::The biosynthesis of the C ring of the antitumor antibiotic agent, tomaymycin, is proposed to proceed through five enzyme-catalyzed steps from l-tyrosine. The genes encoding these enzymes have recently been cloned and their functions tentatively assigned, but there is limited biochemical evidence supporting the assignm...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi200947w
更新日期:2011-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::The pivotal role of the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide motif in integrin-mediated cell adhesive interactions with extracellular matrix and plasma proteins stimulated the present design of nonpeptidic mimetics of this sequence. To probe the structural requirements for RGD recognition by integrins, we designed various struct...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00055a002
更新日期:1993-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Organisms and cellular systems which have adapted to stresses such as high temperature, desiccation, and urea-concentrating environments have responded by concentrating particular organic solutes known as osmolytes. These osmolytes are believed to confer protection to enzyme and other macromolecular systems against su...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00138a006
更新日期:1992-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Apolipoprotein E (apoE)-knockout mice develop severe atherosclerosis associated with high levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) in plasma. To investigate the atherogenic role of VLDL and IDL, the lipoprotein fraction containing both VLDL and IDL (apoEko-VLDL/IDL) was ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi980762v
更新日期:1998-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic assimilatory nitrate reductase (NR) is a dimeric multidomain molybdo-heme-flavo protein that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the nitrate assimilation of plants, algae, and fungi. Nitrate reduction takes place at the N-terminal molybdenum cofactor-containing domain. Reducing equivalents are der...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi1003487
更新日期:2010-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Upon injury of a blood vessel, activated factor VII (FVIIa) forms a high-affinity complex with its allosteric regulator, tissue factor (TF), and initiates blood clotting. Active site-inhibited factor VIIa (FVIIai) binds to TF with even higher affinity. We compared the interactions of FVIIai and FVIIa with soluble TF (...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi010283n
更新日期:2001-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Photosensitized oxidation reactions damage tissue by catalyzing the formation of oxyradicals and singlet oxygen. beta-Carotene is hypothesized to exert photoprotective effects by quenching singlet oxygen formed by Type II reactions and by scavenging free radicals formed by Type I reactions. beta-Carotene antioxidant m...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi9708646
更新日期:1997-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Integrin αIIbβ3, a transmembrane heterodimer, mediates platelet aggregation when it switches from an inactive to an active ligand-binding conformation following platelet stimulation. Central to regulating αIIbβ3 activity is the interaction between the αIIb and β3 extracellular stalks, which form a tight heterodimer in...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00430
更新日期:2019-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::A high molecular weight acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioesterase, designated thioesterase II, has been purified 5300-fold from photoheterotrophically grown cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. In contrast to R. sphaeroides acyl-CoA thioesterase I [Boyce, S.G., & Lueking, D.R. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 141-147], thioest...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00357a029
更新日期:1986-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::The E-domain of staphylococcal protein A is one of five homologous IgG-binding domains designated E, D, A, B, and C that comprise the extracellular portion of protein A. The E-domain binds tightly to Fc fragments of IgG and binds certain Fv fragments with micromolar affinity. To explore further the structural features...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi961409x
更新日期:1996-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Protein C inhibitor (PCI) is a versatile serine protease inhibitor with both pro- and anticoagulant and other properties. Interactions of certain ligands with PCI, including heparin, affect its specificity for proteases. In this study, heparin was found to enhance PCI inhibition of factor Xa up to 42-fold in the prese...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi802138m
更新日期:2009-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the guanidinium group of arginine residues in a number of important cell signaling proteins. PRMT1 is the founding member of this family, and its activity appears to be dysregulated in heart disease an...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi102022e
更新日期:2011-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The three complete human LDL receptor homology regions of the LDL receptor-related protein (sLRP2, sLRP3, and sLRP4) have been expressed in Pichia pastoris SMD1168 with constitutive coexpression of the receptor-associated protein (RAP). Each sLRP was purified to homogeneity after deglycosylation using a combination of...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi034752s
更新日期:2003-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::Toc34 is a transmembrane protein located in the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts and involved in transit peptide recognition. The cytosolic region of Toc34 reveals 34% alpha-helical and 26% beta-strand structure and is stabilized by intramolecular electrostatic interaction. Toc34 binds both chloroplast preprote...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi011361+
更新日期:2002-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::The erythropoietin (EPO) molecule contains four carbohydrate chains. Three contain N-linkages to asparagines at positions 24, 38, and 83, and one contains an O-linkage to a serine at position 126. We constructed human EPO variants that eliminated the three N-glycosylation sites by replacing the asparagines with glutam...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00156a003
更新日期:1992-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::According to earlier genetic experiments, a region within the N-terminal 50-100 amino acids may be important for the replication function of T antigen, the initiator protein of simian virus 40 (SV40). We have investigated this possibility using the T antigen related D2 protein in several biochemical assay systems. D2 ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00431a040
更新日期:1989-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Despite intense interest in the proteolysis of the β-Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) in Alzheimer's disease, how the normal processing of this type I receptor-like glycoprotein is physiologically regulated remains ill-defined. In recent years, several candidate protein ligands for APP, including F-spondin, Reelin, β1 ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi400165f
更新日期:2013-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::In order to compare the interfacial behavior of the polyheme cytochromes c which belong to the cytochrome c3 superfamily, the monomolecular film technique was used to determine whether and how these metalloproteins interact with (phospho)lipids). Measurements of the variations of surface pressure and surface potential...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00036a005
更新日期:1995-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Crude calf thymus DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RNA polymerase B (ribonucleoside triphosphate: RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6), was incubated with the tritium labeled, potent inhibitor [3H]amanin, in order to form the enzymatically inactive [3H]amanin-polymerase complex ([3H]A-P complex). Subsequent purificati...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00661a013
更新日期:1976-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::A plasminogen activator secreted by cultured human pancreatic carcinoma (Mia PaCa-2) cells has been purified to apparent homogeneity by procedures including Sepharose-L-arginine methyl ester affinity chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, isoelectric focusing, and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Th...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00628a023
更新日期:1977-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the binding of a pure H1 histone, the mouse variant H1e, to a 214 bp fragment of DNA from pBR322. Binding was monitored by observing the effects of the protein on melting of the DNA and by a gel-mobility-shift assay. We found, using this highly purified system, that H1e protein binds preferentiall...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00167a049
更新日期:1994-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::This study presents the first detailed examination by resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy of the rates of solvent exchange for the C5 and C3 positions of the TPQ cofactor in several wild-type copper-containing amine oxidases and mutants of the amine oxidase from Hansenula polymorpha (HPAO). On the basis of crystal struc...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi011685y
更新日期:2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The dependence of calcineurin on Ca2+ for activity is the result of the concerted action of calmodulin, which increases the turnover rate of the enzyme and modulates its response to Ca2+ transients, and of calcineurin B, which decreases the Km of the enzyme for its substrate. The calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphat...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00188a015
更新日期:1994-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Calmodulin forms a covalent, one to one, complex with 3H-labeled norchlorpromazine isothiocyanate. Complex formation was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography using a CN reverse-phase column which resolves calmodulin, the calmodulin-norchlorpromazine adduct, and norchlorpromazine isothiocyanate. Formatio...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00293a003
更新日期:1983-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::The pathway for utilization of pyridine nucleotide derived reducing equivalents in the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase systems has three major branch points. The first is a partitioning between autoxidation of a ferrous, oxygenated heme adduct and input of the second reducing equivalent required for monooxygenase stoic...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00094a009
更新日期:1993-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::The three-dimensional structure of the fatty-acid-binding protein isolated from the flight muscle of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria has been solved and refined to a crystallographic R-value of 18.5% for all measured X-ray data from 30.0- to 2.2-A resolution. Crystals employed in the investigation were grown f...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00207a004
更新日期:1994-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper the interaction of cytoplasmic CopZ and the N-terminal domain of the CopA ATPase from Bacillus subtilis has been studied by NMR through (15)N-(1)H HSQC experiments in order to understand the role of the two proteins in the whole copper trafficking mechanism of the bacteria. It appears that the two protei...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi027096p
更新日期:2003-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of phospholipase A2 from snake venom to hydrolyze bilayers of phosphatidylcholines is greatly enhanced by the presence of the hydrolysis products, lysolecithin and fatty acid, in the bilayer. The fluorescence of several probes of membrane structure was used to monitor changes in bilayer physical propertie...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00024a003
更新日期:1995-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Endonuclease V of bacteriophage T4 binds to UV-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) but not to unirradiated DNA. We have developed an assay to detect this binding, based on the retention of enzyme--DNA complexes on nitrocellulose filters. The amount of complex retained, ascertained by using radioactive DNA, is a mea...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00549a026
更新日期:1980-04-15 00:00:00