Abstract：
:Attention to stimuli associated with a rewarding outcome may be mediated by the incentive motivational properties that the stimulus acquires during conditioning. Other theories of attention state that the prediction error (the discrepancy between the expected and the actual outcome) during conditioning guides attention; once the outcome is fully predicted, attention should be abolished for the conditioned stimulus. The current study examined which of these mechanisms is dominant in conditioning when the outcome is highly rewarding. Allocation of attention to stimuli associated with cigarettes (the rewarding outcome) was tested in 16 smokers, who underwent a classical conditioning paradigm, where abstract visual stimuli were paired with a tobacco outcome. Stimuli were associated with 100% (stimulus A), 50% (stimulus B), or 0% (stimulus C) probability of receiving tobacco. Attention was measured using an eye-tracker device, and the appetitive value of the stimuli was measured with subjective pleasantness ratings during the conditioning process. Dwell time bias (duration of eye gaze) was greatest overall for the A stimulus, and increased over conditioning. Attention to stimulus A was dependent on the ratings of pleasantness that the stimulus evoked, and on the desire to smoke. These findings appear to support the theory that attention for conditioned stimuli is dominated by the incentive motivational qualities of the outcome they predict, and implicate a role for attention in the maintenance of addictive behaviours like smoking.
journal_name
Behav Brain Resjournal_title
Behavioural brain researchauthors
Austin AJ,Duka Tdoi
10.1016/j.bbr.2012.04.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-15 00:00:00pages
183-9issue
1eissn
0166-4328issn
1872-7549pii
S0166-4328(12)00259-8journal_volume
232pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In both a behavioural and neuroimaging study, we examined whether memory performance and the pattern of brain activation during a word recognition task differed depending on the type of visual context presented during encoding. Participants were presented with a list of words, paired with either a picture of famous fa...
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