Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals show large interindividual variation in response to antiretroviral therapy. Efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) are nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which are prescribed in combination with other antiretroviral therapy in so-called highly active antiretroviral therapy. Recent studies provide evidence for the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes, in particular CYP2B6, in relation to EFV and NVP pharmacokinetics. In this study, the authors investigated whether common ABCB1, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A5 alleles are associated with plasma concentrations of EFV and NVP in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS:Plasma drug concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography in 143 HIV-infected individuals receiving either EFV or NVP. Genotyping for common alleles was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and Taqman assays. Individuals were genotyped for 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 5 genes. CYP2B6 haplotypes were reconstructed by PHASE. RESULTS:Plasma EFV concentrations were positively associated with CYP2B6 c.516G>T, c.785A>G, and c.983A>G single-nucleotide polymorphisms in HIV-infected individuals. Increased plasma concentrations of EFV and NVP were present in individuals with the CYP2B6*6/*6 or *6/*18 haplotype compared with CYP2B6*1/*1 [increase of 62% (95% confidence interval, 44.0-80.1) and 24% (95% confidence interval, 7.0-40.0), respectively, P < 0.01]. No significant association with other genes in relation to EFV or NVP concentrations was found. CONCLUSIONS:In this study, a strong association of CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6*18 alleles in relation to EFV and NVP plasma concentrations was found, which confirmed previous studies.
journal_name
Ther Drug Monitjournal_title
Therapeutic drug monitoringauthors
Heil SG,van der Ende ME,Schenk PW,van der Heiden I,Lindemans J,Burger D,van Schaik RHdoi
10.1097/FTD.0b013e31824868f3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-04-01 00:00:00pages
153-9issue
2eissn
0163-4356issn
1536-3694journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Monitoring of serum voriconazole concentrations has been proposed to optimize therapeutic effect and minimize toxicity. However, little is known about the clinical use of voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) by treating physicians. Four hundred seventy-eight episodes corresponding with 161 adult patients (me...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181ea3de6
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Australia is blessed with a great diversity of unique species in its fresh waters and in the marine environment around its coast. There is evidence that human and natural events are impacting on these species. Such impacts are associated with various agricultural, industrial, and domestic practices and with natural an...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200002000-00012
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in product formulations have been shown to affect the therapeutic response by altering the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a drug. The relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine tablets (CBZ) and a chewable tablet formulation were evaluated in 10 normal healthy subjects...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00007691-198703000-00006
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diurnal fluctuations in free and total plasma levels of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) and their relationship with intermittent side effects were examined in 10 epileptic patients stabilized on chronic CBZ therapy alone or in combination with phenobarbital (PB). With a t.i.d. or q.i.d....
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198412000-00005
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model for predicting unbound concentrations of mycophenolic acid (MPA) was developed in 84 subjects and then tested in an independent group of 19 hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Total and unbound MPA concentrations and total mycophenolic glucuronide concentrations were measured between weeks 1 and 4 posttr...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e318074d979
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The correlation between single plasma concentration (CP) values of 5-fluorouracil (FU) after a 10-minute i.v. infusion and the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) has been studied in 26 cancer patients. FU dose was either 320-550 mg/m2 (seven patients, 13 treatments) or 610-960 mg/m2 (19 patient...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole blood steady-state trough concentrations of cyclosporine were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and TDx assays employing monoclonal antibodies in 82 samples from 39 renal transplant patients. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for the new TDx technique averaged 3.2 and 5.4%, respectively. In the co...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199109000-00012
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of storage time and temperature on the stability of FK 506 in patient blood samples and quality control samples was assessed with the Abbott IMx microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Blood FK 506 concentrations measured at days 0, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 were stable at room (22 degrees C), refrigerator (4 degrees C)...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199506000-00009
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effect of diabetes mellitus on mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetics and catalytic activity of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) was investigated in maintenance kidney transplant recipients. Demographically matched diabetic (n=9) and nondiabetic (n=9) patients were included in a 12-hour open-label, steady...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31815d8ace
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics and the gastrointestinal side effect profiles of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) in de novo kidney transplant patients of Hispanic ethnicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The pharmacokinetic study of EC-MPS was conducted in 11 de novo kidney ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31820271c3
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in combination with either cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TRL) on whole-blood lymphocyte function was assessed in vitro as well as in vivo. For the in vitro studies, rat whole blood was incubated with different concentrations of MPA together with CsA or TRL. In vivo, rats (n = ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000146874.11480.8a
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunosuppressants cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, and probably also mycophenolic acid require therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)-guided dosing to ensure that blood concentrations are kept within the target range in transplant patients. Reliable, accurate, and precise test methods are therefore ess...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000205
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ergotamine has been used for therapeutic purposes since the 1950s, usually to treat vascular headache. It is highly toxic and in large, repeated doses can produce all the symptoms of ergot poisoning. A selective and sensitive method, based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS2), has been developed ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e318067dfe7
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Characterization of antibiotic pharmacokinetics in patients with renal insufficiency may be complicated by interfering substances within the assay. We compared three different assays for teicoplanin in serum and dialysate of 10 hemodialysis and six continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The microbi...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trough levels (TL) of cyclosporine (CS) measured in serum by the polyclonal radioimmunoassay (SR) are useful for dissecting the etiology of clinical events, but they are a poor guide to dosage adjustments. In renal transplant patients immunosuppressed by low doses of prednisone and CS given orally, once-a-day TL (24-h...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major advances in immunosuppression and reductions in the rates of acute rejection have led to increasing graft and patient survival rates during the past two decades. Chronic dysfunction of the renal allograft, however, remains a major clinical problem and probably represents the end result of the complex interplay b...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-200202000-00007
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma clonazepam (CZP) and its metabolite [7-aminoclonazepam (7ACZP) and 7-acetamidoclonazepam (7AACZP)] concentrations were measured during a single dosing interval in 10 pediatric epilepsy patients (2-18 years, 11-102 kg) who had been receiving CZP therapeutically from 2 weeks to 4 years. These concentrations were ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199602000-00001
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this review is to provide information for interpreting outcome results from monitoring of antipsychotics in biological samples. A brief overview of the working mechanisms, pharmacological effects, drug interactions, and analytical methods of classical and atypical antipsychotics is given. Nineteen antipsych...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182708ec5.
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of valproic acid in tears has been developed using gas chromatography/electron capture negative chemical ionization/mass spectrometry. Valproic acid was converted directly into its pentafluorobenzyl ester derivative without the need to perform any extraction from the b...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200012000-00011
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity from ingestion of the oleander plant is common. Oleandrin, the oleander glycoside, has structural similarity to cardiac glycoside digoxin and is known to cross react with various digoxin immunoassays. The authors studied the cross reactivity of oleandrin and its deglycosylated congener oleandrigenin with a fl...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199708000-00017
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::5alpha-Reductase inhibitors such as finasteride are prohibited in sports according to the World Anti-Doping Agency. This class of drugs is used therapeutically to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, as well as male baldness, by decreasing 5alpha-reductase activity. Accordingly, metabolic pathways of endogenous as well...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31803bb85d
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide A, one of the major bioactive ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma Chuanxiong, which is commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, was studied in rats. After intravenous (IV) administration, senkyunolide A was extensively distributed (Vd/F:...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31802c5862
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An original, sensitive, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the quantitation of morphine and its two major metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in rat plasma, using hydromorphone as ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199404000-00016
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Digoxin and gentamicin are widely used in pediatric medicine, and therapeutic monitoring is mandatory because of their narrow margin of safety and wide interpatient and intrapatient pharmacokinetic variabilities. Saliva sampling may be of potential interest, especially in children, in whom blood sampling is often diff...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199806000-00003
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the high prevalence of the use of medications in daily practice and the large number of people taking antirheumatic agents, the risk of drug-drug interactions and of hepatotoxicity is of concern. Both old and new compounds show such a risk. Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs are widely used drugs with potential ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31826a6306
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe a case of furosemide possibly inhibiting the hypoprothrombinemic effect of warfarin. The initiation of furosemide dosing in a patient receiving a stable dose of warfarin was associated with an 28% decrease in the international normalized ration (INR). Using normal volunteers, two previous controll...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199706000-00019
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-five healthy volunteers were given 100 mg caffeine orally and several estimates of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity were evaluated. The validation was performed by correlation of different parameters in plasma, saliva, and urine to two measures of caffeine clearance, CL(oral) and CL(137X-->17X) that served...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200008000-00008
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a semiautomated fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for determination of parent cyclosporin (CsA) has been developed for the Abbott AxSYM system. The new CsA assay measures the drug from an extracted whole blood specimen. The authors report here the evaluation of this new assay and the comparison wi...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200008000-00018
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of substance-related disorders is moderate at best. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be an instrument to improve outcomes. Because TDM for most of those drugs is not established, the authors reviewed the literature and built a rating scale to detect the potentia...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31822fbf7c
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of low-dose, ritonavir-boosted saquinavir (SQV/rtv) once daily plus 2 nucleoside retrotranscriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in pregnant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected women was prospectively evaluated, ensuring a SQV minimum concentration (Cmin) >/=100 ng/mL with a therapeutic drug monitoring st...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31803bb54e
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00