Abstract:
:Major advances in immunosuppression and reductions in the rates of acute rejection have led to increasing graft and patient survival rates during the past two decades. Chronic dysfunction of the renal allograft, however, remains a major clinical problem and probably represents the end result of the complex interplay between donor and recipient factors, immunologic injury, nonimmunologic insults, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Optimal function of the renal allograft is obtained by maintaining a balance between underimmunosuppression and acute rejection and overimmunosuppression and drug-induced toxicities. To minimize side effects while maintaining efficacy, immunosuppressive drugs are commonly used as combination therapy. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between these agents can affect graft survival and function. The evidence supporting the role of therapeutic drug monitoring as applied to commonly used immunosuppressants in modern transplantation is presented here, and the increasing role of therapeutic drug monitoring in the optimization of graft and patient survival rates in the modern era of renal transplantation is discussed.
journal_name
Ther Drug Monitjournal_title
Therapeutic drug monitoringauthors
Kaplan B,Srinivas TR,Meier-Kriesche HUdoi
10.1097/00007691-200202000-00007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-02-01 00:00:00pages
36-9issue
1eissn
0163-4356issn
1536-3694journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Results of phenobarbital analyses are presented for 14 patients with chronic renal failure, and compared using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Correlation of FPIA with GLC and EIA was poor. ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198409000-00019
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic drug monitoring in antituberculosis chemotherapy may play a strategic role in improving outcomes in selected patients. The most important use is in assisting clinicians to optimize therapy to achieve success and minimize toxicity. The other principal indication lies in the management of interaction of anti...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-199810000-00004
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of inexpensive in-house reagents for the assay of carbamazepine in serum, using a commercially available derivative and antiserum is described. They were adapted for use on the Abbott TDx as direct replacements for commercial reagents. Comparison with a high-performance liquid chromatography method is ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199306000-00006
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifteen patients were studied during short-term (5 days at 10-15 mg/m2/day) or long-term (5-104 days at 3 mg/m2/day) doxorubicin infusion. Levels of doxorubicin and metabolites in serum and 24-h timed urine collections were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Quantifiable anthracycline levels were id...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198901000-00002
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to assess dose-related steady-state serum concentrations of olanzapine (OLZ) and its metabolites N-desmethyl OLZ (DMO) and 2-hydroxymethyl OLZ (2-OH-OLZ) (assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography) in 122 child and adolescent psychiatric patients (age 16.9 +/- 2.2, range, 10-21 years...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000249950.75462.7f
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the introduction of a cyclosporin monitoring strategy based on the use of a sample collected 2 hours after dosing (C2) rather than the predose sample (C0), there was concern that the differences in blood cyclosporin results from the various assay systems would result in assay-specific target ranges for C2 monitor...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/00007691-200304000-00005
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adsorption of amitriptyline, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and nortriptyline onto cholestyramine was demonstrated in vitro with use of 1.2 mol/L HCl at 37 degrees C to simulate gastric fluid. Binding to cholestyramine was approximately 80% for each of the tricyclic antidepressants, and this was about the same ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199208000-00014
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed and validated for quantification of topiramate (TPM) and its metabolites 10-hydroxy topiramate (10-OH-TPM), 9-hydroxy topiramate (9-OH-TPM), and 4,5-O-desisopropylidene topiramate (4,5-diol-TPM) in plasma and urine. The method uses 0.5 mL of ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200306000-00012
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lamotrigine (LG), phenytoin (PY), carbamazepine (CM), and carbamazepine epoxide (CE) are measured with an optimized procedure that uses thin sorbent extraction disks and a highly selective, sterically protected bonded silica high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. Routinely, serum (200 microliters at pH ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199706000-00009
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theophylline clearance was estimated by a single-sample technique in 19 subjects with acute clinical respiratory infections. Mean (+/- SD) theophylline clearance during acute illness was 0.044 +/- 0.011 L X h-1 X kg-1 compared to 0.043 +/- 0.012 L X h-1 X kg-1 1 month later. In a subset of five subjects, single-sample...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198709000-00005
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four different immunoassays were used to measure cyclosporine A (CsA) plasma (20 degrees C) levels in heart and kidney transplant recipients. Two radioimmunoassays (RIAs) (Sandimmune and Cyclotrac) and the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) were based on polyclonal antibodies, whereas the fourth (Cyclotrac-S...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199011000-00006
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent literature has urged caution in the interpretation of vancomycin serum concentrations in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), because falsely elevated levels in excess of 70% have been reported with the most commonly used fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The purpose of this study was to ev...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199804000-00016
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is commonly employed to optimize the dosing of certain drugs, including digoxin, aminoglycosides, theophylline, and phenytoin. Studies were reviewed in order to (a) evaluate the effect of TDM on the occurrence of toxic drug reactions (TDRs) and (b) identify factors that may modify or ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1097/00007691-199001000-00013
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to mycophenolic acid (MPA) is highly variable among patients on standard dose mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) therapy. In addition, MPA exposure increases with time posttransplant and exposure is predictive for the development of acute rejection. Consequently, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of MPA may improve ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000194504.62892.b2
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the predictive value of the risperidone and venlafaxine metabolic ratios and CYP2D6 genotype. METHODS:The determination of risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, and venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, N-desmethylvenlafaxine and CYP2D6 genotype was performed in 425 and 491 patients, respectively. T...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000251
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Palivizumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody used to protect at-risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The regular dosage scheme causes a low initial trough level and accumulation of the antibody after subsequent injections. Using a simple pharmacokinetic model, the authors devised an alt...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200206000-00020
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The practice of enhancing athletic performance through foreign substances was known from the earliest Olympic games. In 1967, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) established a Medical Commission responsible for developing a list of prohibited substances and methods. Drug tests were first introduced at the Olympi...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00015
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a clinically relevant suspected interaction between acyclovir and the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin (PHT) and valproic acid (VPA). In a child receiving PHT and VPA therapy, a 6-day acyclovir treatment reduced PHT and VPA plasma concentrations to subtherapeutic values. This probably worsened both clinical sta...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An epileptic patient well controlled on valproic acid (VPA) developed a prolonged episode of status epilepticus 12 days after initiation of 75 mg of clomipramine (CMI) to treat depression. Serum level of VPA in the emergency room was unchanged from her previous levels; serum level of CMI was very elevated despite the ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199702000-00012
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DuPont theophylline assay reagent kit, a particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (PETINIA) method adapted for use on a centrifugal fast analyzer, was evaluated. It was compared with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Day-to-day precision was 4.7% at 6.8 micrograms/ml, and 3.3% at 26.6 mic...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198606000-00019
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentration-antidepressant response relationships for dothiepin, nordothiepin, dothiepin-S-oxide, and nordothiepin-S-oxide were investigated in 50 patients (33 women and 17 men), who had had a major depressive episode. Depression and anxiety were assessed at the start of therapy and after 2 and 4 weeks by mea...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199310000-00001
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of rifampicin on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of brotizolam. Thirteen healthy male volunteers received rifampicin 450 mg/day, or matched placebo, for 7 days in a double-blind randomized crossover manner. On the sixth day they rec...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000200010.33430.0e
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The combination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is used to treat a number of bacterial infections. TMP/SMX concentrations in serum are conventionally monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. These methods require laborio...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000785
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using mobile long-term electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring in 7 absence epilepsy patients, the course of spike-wave discharge rate before and during valproate monotherapy was measured and compared to the profile of valproic acid serum level. Correlation analysis was done, taking into account an eventual time dela...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198406000-00008
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The analysis of pentamidine in whole blood, plasma, and urine by liquid chromatography is described. Extraction was made with a mixture of acetonitrile and chloroform followed by back-extraction into phosphate buffer. A reversed-phase chromatographic system with fluorescence detection was used. The precision of the me...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199007000-00011
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We report a feasibility study based on our large-scale experience with mycophenolate mofetil dose adjustment based on mycophenolic acid interdose area under the curve (AUC) in renal transplant patients. METHODS:Between 2005 and 2010, 13,930 requests for 7090 different patients (outside any clinical trial) w...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31821633a6
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of voriconazole has been developed. For comparison, serum voriconazole was measured using HPLC and bioassay. For the HPLC-MS/MS assay, samples were prepared in a deep-well block by adding 10 microL of serum to 40 mic...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200412000-00011
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole blood steady-state trough concentrations of cyclosporine were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and TDx assays employing monoclonal antibodies in 82 samples from 39 renal transplant patients. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for the new TDx technique averaged 3.2 and 5.4%, respectively. In the co...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199109000-00012
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mixed-effect modeling has been suggested as a possible tool to detect and describe drug interactions in patient populations receiving drug combinations for the treatment of disease states. The mixed-effect modeling program, NONMEM, was used to measure the effects of the well-known digoxin-quinidine and digoxin-verapam...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199602000-00008
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycophenolate mofetil, the oral prodrug of mycophenolic acid, is indicated as immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplantation. To aid in the investigation of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of mycophenolic acid in the clinical setting, limited blood sampling strategies have been proposed, and model...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200010000-00008
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00