Abstract：
:Eukaryotic cells can degrade their own components, cytosolic proteins and organelles, using dedicated hydrolases contained within the acidic interior of their lysosomes. This degradative process, called autophagy, is used under starvation conditions to recycle redundant or less important macromolecules, facilitates metabolic re-modeling in response to environmental cues, and is also often important during cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the role played by autophagy during the life cycles of the major parasitic protists. To provide context, we also provide an overview of the different forms of autophagy and the successive steps in the autophagic processes, including the proteins involved, as revealed in recent decades by studies using the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, methylotrophic yeasts and mammalian cells. We describe for trypanosomatid parasites how autophagy plays a role in the differentiation from one life cycle stage to the next one and, in the case of the intracellular parasites, for virulence. For malarial parasites, although only a limited repertoire of canonical autophagy-related proteins can be detected, autophagy seems to play a role in the removal of redundant organelles important for cell invasion, when sporozoites develop into intracellular trophozoites inside the hepatocytes. The complete absence of a canonical autophagy pathway from the microaerophile Giardia lamblia is also discussed. Finally, the essential role of autophagy for differentiation and pathogenicity of some pathogenic protists suggests that the proteins involved in this process may represent new targets for drug development. Opportunities and strategies for drug design targeting autophagy proteins are discussed.
journal_name
Mol Biochem Parasitoljournal_title
Molecular and biochemical parasitologyauthors
Brennand A,Gualdrón-López M,Coppens I,Rigden DJ,Ginger ML,Michels PAdoi
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.02.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
83-99issue
2eissn
0166-6851issn
1872-9428pii
S0166-6851(11)00068-5journal_volume
177pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Contrary to previous reports in the literature, bloodstream forms of the haemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma brucei brucei are not deficient in their ability to metabolize hydrogen peroxide, although they either lack or only possess the normal enzymes for H2O2 detoxification, catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione p...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(86)90023-x
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have isolated and characterized a gene encoding a novel GTP-binding protein of the GTPase superfamily in the filarial parasites Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned molecule has approximately 30% overall homology to ras proteins and approximately 90% homology to the '...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(92)90175-j
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The capacity for rapid localization of epitope-tagged or fluorescent fusion proteins in cells is an important tool for biological discovery and functional analysis. For Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes human Chagas disease, visualization of ectopically-expressed proteins in the clinically-relevant...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.02.001
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Plasmodium falciparum P-glycoprotein homologue 1 (PGH1) is structurally similar to several members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters. We have examined whether the nucleotide binding domains predicted from the deduced amino sequence are functional by photoaffinity labeling of pu...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(93)90048-3
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. To invade host cells, T. gondii deploys the contents of its apically oriented secretory organelles that include the micronemes. Contained within the micronemes are proteins that possess adhesive motifs resembling t...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2003.12.001
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The synchronization of intraerythrocytic maturation of Plasmodium parasites is an important factor in the malaria infection process. Synchronization is mediated by inositol phosphate (InsP(x))-induced Ca(2+)-release from internal stores. To further investigate the InsP(x) metabolism in these parasites a Plasmodium pro...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.10.005
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Erythrocytes from Plasmodium berghei-infected mice on incubation either in plasma or artificial isotonic media showed an increase in uptake of 45Ca2+ compared with erythrocytes from uninfected mice. Infected cells (55% parasitaemia) incubated in plasma from normal or infected mice gave uptake rates of 9.8 and 8.1 nmol...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(83)90023-3
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repeated DNA sequences have been instrumental in the development of DNA probes for many different parasites. Isolation of such DNA probes has generally been accomplished by differential screening of genomic libraries with total genomic DNA preparations. In the current work, a rational design strategy is presented for ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(93)90047-2
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two different classes of small nematode specific lipid-binding proteins, the nematode polyprotein allergens/antigens (NPAs) and the fatty acid- and retinol-binding (FAR) proteins, are secreted by helminth parasites. Until now, there was no evidence of the expression or secretion of these two families of proteins in Ha...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.07.001
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CK2 is a ubiquitous but enigmatic kinase. The difficulty in assigning a role to CK2 centers on the fact that, to date, no biologically relevant modulator of its function has been identified. One common theme revolves around a constellation of known substrates involved in growth control, compatible with its concentrati...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.10.002
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nucleoside analogs are potential anti-Leishmania agents. To better understand how these compounds might lose their effectiveness, Leishmania were independently selected for resistance to inosine dialdehyde or tubercidin. Each of the resistant cells exhibited resistance to inosine dialdehyde and tubercidin as well as t...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(93)90129-l
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cloned DNA fragments of the ribosomal RNA gene of Schistosoma mansoni hybridise strongly to Echinococcus DNA following restriction endonuclease and Southern transfer analysis. Individuals within a strain of E. granulosus exhibit identical patterns of hybridisation. However, the hybridisation patterns show significant ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(85)90016-7
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exp-1 is an antigen of Plasmodium falciparum which is transported from the parasite cell to the membrane of the parasitophorous vacuole and to membranous compartments in the erythrocyte. To investigate how this protein is transported, we studied the synthesis and membrane translocation of exp-1 in a cell-free system. ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(91)90208-n
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The emergence of drug-resistant Leishmania species is a significant problem in several countries. A comparative proteomic analysis of antimony-susceptible and antimony-resistant Leishmania braziliensis (LbSbR) and Leishmania infantum chagasi (LcSbR) lines was carried out using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2013.06.006
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conserved amongst all eukaryotes is a family of mitochondrial carrier proteins (SLC25A) responsible for the import of various solutes across the inner mitochondrial membrane. We previously reported that the human parasite Trypanosoma brucei possesses 26 SLC25A proteins (TbMCPs) amongst which two, TbMCP11 and TbMCP8, w...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111275
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The infection of human erythrocytes by two strains of the human malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum (FCQ-27 or the multi-drug-resistant strain K-1), markedly changed the transport characteristics of the nucleosides, adenosine and tubercidin, compared to uninfected erythrocytes. A component of the transport of the...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(89)90023-6
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteases play central roles in cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites. Herein we report the cloning and characterization of a novel secretory putative metalloproteinase, Toxolysin 4 (TLN4). T. gondii tachyzoites store TLN4 in the micronemes and secrete it in response to elevated calcium, ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.01.009
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), KHEYLRFamide (AF2) and KSAYMRFamide (PF3) were structurally characterised from the parasitic nematode of sheep, Haemonchus contortus (MH isolate). Both peptides were sequenced in a single gas-phase sequencing run and their structure confirmed by mass spectrometry which identifie...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00057-2
更新日期：1999-05-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Following the demonstration that the transport of melaminophenyl arsenical drugs in Trypanosoma brucei is dependent upon an unusual adenosine nucleoside transporter (Carter and Fairlamb, Nature 361 (1993) 173-175) we have investigated adenosine transport in the related parasite Trypanosoma equiperdum (Botat1.1) and a ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(95)00120-p
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The apicomplexa parasite Toxoplasma gondii expresses two distinct proliferating cell nuclear antigens (PCNA) that exhibit distinct patterns of subcellular localization during tachyzoite growth. In all cell cycle phases, TgPCNA1 is concentrated in the nucleus, while TgPCNA2 is only concentrated in the nucleus during S-...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.03.020
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The separation by chromatofocusing of two distinct purine nucleoside cleaving activities from crude extracts of Trypanosoma brucei brucei is described. One catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MeSAdo) and adenosine (Ado) and was designated an MeSAdo/Ado phosphorylase, while the o...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(88)90030-8
更新日期：1988-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfated glycosphingolipids are present on the surface of a variety of cells. They are active participants in adhesion processes in many systems and appear to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and other developmental cellular events. However, the body of knowledge about synthesis, st...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.03.014
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cryptosporidium spp. are the causative agents of diarrheal disease worldwide, but effective treatments are lacking. Cryptosporidium employs mucin-like glycoproteins with O-glycans to attach to and infect host intestinal epithelial cells. The Tn antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr) is an O-glycan essential for these processes, a...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.03.002
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major proteolytic activity of Trypanosoma cruzi is a cathepsin L-like cysteine protease expressed in all stages of the parasite. As an initial step in identifying possible functions of this enzyme in the life cycle of T. cruzi, and examining its potential as a target for rational drug design, two fluoromethyl keto...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(93)90086-d
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously customized a Nipkow spinning disk confocal microscope (SDCM) to acquire 4D data for live, intraerythrocytic malarial parasites [Gligorijevic B, McAllister R, Urbach JS, Roepe, PD. Spinning disk confocal microscopy of live, intraerythrocytic malarial parasites. 1. Quantification of hemozoin development fo...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.12.014
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is able to evade host cell-mediated and humoral immunity to maintain both persistent and repeated infections. Immune evasion is in part due to a robust repertoire of proteins which participate in host-parasite interactions but also exhibit profound antigenic diversity...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.04.003
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides representing various sequences of gp82, a surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes implicated in mammalian cell invasion, were used in this study aiming at the identification of the domain(s) of this molecule required for interaction with target c...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(96)02626-6
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three days after mice were inoculated with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, total hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels were decreased 14% from control values, while the specific mixed-function oxidase activity (per nmole of cytochrome P-450) was inhibited almost 40% in infected animals. Furthermore, drugs used to treat trypan...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(81)90051-7
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have identified a GM2-activator protein (GM2AP) with highly unusual properties secreted by the nematode parasite Trichinella spiralis. Expression in Pichia pastoris resulted in a hyperglycosylated protein of 28 kDa, but the 18 kDa native protein was not glycosylated. The parasite GM2AP does not facilitate degradati...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.02.014
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the signaling pathways are regulated by reversible phosphorylation-dephosphorylation which involves enzymes- kinases and phosphatases. Current knowledge about the protein phosphatases in parasites like Trypanosoma and Leishmania is very minimal despite their enormousity. In present study, full length ORF of Le...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.06.005
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
