Abstract:
CONTEXT:More than 400,000 workers annually receive a measurable radiation dose and may be at increased risk of radiation-induced leukaemia. It is unclear whether leukaemia risk is elevated with protracted, low-dose exposure. OBJECTIVE:We conducted a meta-analysis examining the relationship between protracted low-dose ionising radiation exposure and leukaemia. DATA SOURCES:Reviews by the National Academies and United Nations provided a summary of informative studies published before 2005. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for additional occupational and environmental studies published between 2005 and 2009. STUDY SELECTION:We selected 23 studies that: (1) examined the association between protracted exposures to ionising radiation and leukaemia excluding chronic lymphocytic subtype; (2) were a cohort or nested case-control design without major bias; (3) reported quantitative estimates of exposure; and (4) conducted exposure-response analyses using relative or excess RR per unit exposure. METHODS:Studies were further screened to reduce information overlap. Random effects models were developed to summarise between-study variance and obtain an aggregate estimate of the excess RR at 100 mGy. Publication bias was assessed by trim and fill and Rosenthal's file drawer methods. RESULTS:We found an ERR at 100 mGy of 0.19 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.32) by modelling results from 10 studies and adjusting for publication bias. Between-study variance was not evident (p=0.99). CONCLUSIONS:Protracted exposure to low-dose gamma radiation is significantly associated with leukaemia. Our estimate agreed well with the leukaemia risk observed among exposed adults in the Life Span Study (LSS) of atomic bomb survivors, providing increased confidence in the current understanding of leukaemia risk from ionising radiation. However, unlike the estimates obtained from the LSS, our model provides a precise, quantitative summary of the direct estimates of excess risk from studies of protracted radiation exposures.
journal_name
Occup Environ Medjournal_title
Occupational and environmental medicineauthors
Daniels RD,Schubauer-Berigan MKdoi
10.1136/oem.2009.054684subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
457-64issue
6eissn
1351-0711issn
1470-7926pii
oem.2009.054684journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Commercial airline crew is one of the occupational groups with the highest exposures to ionising radiation. Crew members are also exposed to other physical risk factors and subject to potential disruption of circadian rhythms. METHODS:This study analyses mortality in a pooled cohort of 93 771 crew members f...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101395
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Compare rates of medical insurance claims for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) between workers in a construction trade and a general worker population to determine if higher physical exposures in construction lead to higher rates of claims on personal medical insurance. METHODS:Health insurance claims betwee...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102313
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the relationship between protease exposure and respiratory disease in a cohort of detergent enzyme manufacturers. METHODS:Case-referent analysis of a cohort of employees working in a European detergent factory between 1989 and 2002. Cases with new lower or upper respiratory disease were ascertain...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2008.043851
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal corneal ulcers related to agriculture has been reported throughout the world, especially in tropical areas. Most of them were sporadic and had histories of ocular trauma or use of topical corticosteroids and topical antibiotics. Five onion harvesters had fungal corneal ulcers during the same harvest period in S...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.56.6.423
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) is highly prevalent in smokers and associated with an accelerated lung function decline and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several risk factors contribute to CMH and to COPD. It is, however, unknown if risk factors for CMH are similar in persons with and with...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101654
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Night shift work has been suggested as a possible risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of the present analysis was to prospectively evaluate the association of rotating night shift work history and MS risk in two female cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. METHODS:A total of ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2019-106016
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the concentrations of blood lead (PbB) in pregnant women in the slums of Lucknow, north India. METHODS:Of the 203 designated municipal slums in Lucknow, 70 were randomly selected for study and a cohort of 500 pregnant women was enrolled. Each participant was interviewed with questions on possib...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.53.12.836
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:(1) To develop a transparent and broadly applicable method for assessing occupational safety and health (OSH) programmes or management systems; (2) to assess OSH programmes in a sample of manufacturing worksites; and (3) to determine whether a management focused occupational health intervention results in greater ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2003.011718
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the question of whether there is an association between workplace exposures and sociodemographic factors and mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease excluding influenza and pneumonia (NMRDxIP) among workers in a fibreglass wool manufacturing facility. METHODS:A case-control study wit...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.59.6.369
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the kinetics of elimination of urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites after oral and dermally applied doses of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos to human volunteers and to determine whether these doses affected plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. METHOD:Five volunteers ingest...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.56.1.10
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sex ratios in the offspring of those affected by dioxins or dioxin-like compounds have been reported from Seveso, Italy and Yucheng, Taiwan. The sex ratio of live births in Yusho, Japan after a similar accidental massive exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in 1968 are...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.58.8.540
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This systematic review was conducted to help clarify the effect of lifting at work on pregnancy outcome, by focusing on specific exposure categories. A search in Medline and Embase identified 51 articles reporting association of spontaneous abortion (SA), preterm delivery (PTD) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infan...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/oemed-2019-106334
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To evaluate the mortality experience of a cohort of employees in the UK silica sand industry exposed to respirable crystalline silica (RCS). METHODS:A retrospective cohort mortality study followed all workers to 2001 with at least one year's employment at one of seven UK silica sand producing quarries between 195...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2004.017731
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Because of the rarity of small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA), little is known about the aetiology of this disease. This study aimed to identify occupational clustering of cases SBA as a systematic approach to new hypotheses on the aetiology of this disease. METHODS:A European multicentre case-control study was...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/oem.57.11.760
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure the levels of exposure to nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) in the atmosphere of indoor swimming pools and to examine how they relate to irritant and chronic respiratory symptoms, indices of pulmonary function, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in lifeguards working in the pools. METHOD...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.55.4.258
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim was to assess the association between occupational biomechanical exposure and the occurrence of radial nerve entrapment (RNE) in construction workers over a 13-year follow-up period. METHODS:A cohort of 229 707 male construction workers who participated in a national occupational health surveillance...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2018-105311
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Animal studies suggest that exposure to pesticides may alter thyroid function; however, few epidemiologic studies have examined this association. We evaluated the relationship between individual pesticides and thyroid function in 679 men enrolled in a substudy of the Agricultural Health Study, a cohort of li...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104431
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is limited research concerning how small companies in particular, respond to health and safety messages. AIMS:To understand individuals' knowledge and beliefs about chemical risks and to compare these with those of experts. METHODS:The use of chromic acid in particular, and also other chemicals assoc...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.59.10.689
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The association between shift work and cancer, which is thought to be mediated by effects on circulating melatonin levels, may be modified by chronotype (ie, the inherent preference for activity in the morning or the evening); however, few studies have examined the potential impact of chronotype on the carci...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101730
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate possible neurotoxic effects in groups of aluminium pot room and foundry workers, aluminium welders, and a small group of workers exposed to aluminium in the production of flake powder. METHODS:Exposure to aluminium was evaluated with aluminium concentrations in blood and urine as well as a que...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.58.7.453
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Professional judgment is necessary to assess occupational exposure in population-based case-control studies; however, the assessments lack transparency and are time-consuming to perform. To improve transparency and efficiency, we systematically applied decision rules to questionnaire responses to assess dies...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2011-100524
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aerosol sampling has evolved with changes in technology and our understanding of the importance of assessing the biologically relevant fractions of the total aerosol. During the past decade there has been international agreement on the definitions for the inhalable, thoracic, and respirable fractions and instruments h...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/oem.56.11.747
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the methods used in the nuclear industry family study for which a comprehensive database has been assembled that links employment in the nuclear industry and dosimetry records to information on employees' reproductive health and the health of their children. To discuss the response rates and chara...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.56.12.793
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Limited evidence suggests the association between severity of acute occupational pesticide poisoning and depressive symptoms in farmers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between occupational pesticide exposure and depressive symptoms among male farmers in South Korea. METHODS:A natio...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2012-101005
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To obtain knowledge about the use and distribution of hazardous chemicals in Danish industry. This knowledge is used to regulate the occupational environment and prevent hazardous exposure. METHODS:A national survey on the use of chemicals was carried out in 1989 in a stratified sample of 1448 Danish busine...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.52.7.454
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Previous research has produced conflicting evidence on the relative merits of advancing and delaying shift systems. The current study assessed the effects of the direction of shift rotation within 8 hour systems, upon a range of measures including sleep, on shift alertness, physical health, and psychological...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.57.10.678
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the association between petrochemical exposure and spontaneous abortion, a retrospective epidemiological study in a large petrochemical complex in Beijing, China was conducted. METHODS:Plant employment records identified 3105 women who were married, were 20-44 years of age, and had never smoked. O...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.55.1.31
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify determinants of sickness absence in hospital physicians. METHODS:The Poisson regression analyses of short (1--3 days) and long (>3 days) recorded spells of sickness absence relating to potential determinants of sickness absence were based on a 2 year follow up period and cohorts of 447 (251 male...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/oem.58.6.361
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Several animal, fish and/or shellfish derived substances encountered in the workplace can initiate or exacerbate asthma. The aims of this study were: to produce a population-based estimate of the current prevalence of occupational exposure to animal, fish and/or shellfish derived asthmagens, to identify the m...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104459
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although past studies of workplace exposures have contributed greatly to our understanding of carcinogens, significant knowledge gaps still exist with regard to the actual extent of exposure among current workers, with no routinely collected population-based data being available in most countr...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101651
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00