Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To determine the kinetics of elimination of urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites after oral and dermally applied doses of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos to human volunteers and to determine whether these doses affected plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. METHOD:Five volunteers ingested 1 mg (2852 nmol) of chlorpyrifos. Blood samples were taken over 24 hours and total void volumes of urine were collected over 100 hours. Four weeks later 28.59 mg (81567 nmol) of chlorpyrifos was administered dermally to each volunteer for 8 hours. Unabsorbed chlorpyrifos was washed from the skin and retained for subsequent measurement. The same blood and urine sampling regime was followed as for the oral administration. Plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase concentrations were determined for each blood sample. The concentration of two urinary metabolites of chlorpyrifos--diethylphosphate and diethyl-thiophosphate--was determined for each urine sample. RESULTS:The apparent elimination half life of urinary dialkylphosphates after the oral dose was 15.5 hours and after the dermal dose it was 30 hours. Most of the oral dose (mean (range) 93% (55-115%)) and 1% of the applied dermal dose was recovered as urinary metabolites. About half (53%) of the dermal dose was recovered from the skin surface. The absorption rate through the skin, as measured by urinary metabolites was 456 ng/cm2/h. Blood plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity did not fall significantly during either dosing regime. CONCLUSION:An oral dose of chlorpyrifos was readily absorbed through the skin and almost all of the dose was recovered as urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites. Excretion was delayed compared with the oral dose. Only a small proportion of the applied dose was recovered during the course of the experiment. The best time to collect urine samples for biological monitoring after dermal exposure is before the shift the next day. The amounts of chlorpyrifos used did not depress acetyl cholinesterase activity but could be readily detected as urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites indicating that the urinary assay is a more sensitive indicator of exposure.
journal_name
Occup Environ Medjournal_title
Occupational and environmental medicineauthors
Griffin P,Mason H,Heywood K,Cocker Jdoi
10.1136/oem.56.1.10subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
10-3issue
1eissn
1351-0711issn
1470-7926journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章abstract:AIM:To determine whether kneeling or squatting for prolonged periods is sufficiently causally associated with an increased risk of injury or degenerative disease of the knee joint as to meet the classic criteria to be considered an occupational disease of coal miners for whom these are or have been routine working post...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/oem.2004.017137
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mortality experience of 4702 (4413 men and 289 women) civilian workers in a US Coast Guard shipyard was evaluated. METHODS:All workers employed at the shipyard between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1964 were included in the study and were followed through 31 December 2001 for vital status. Detailed shi...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2006.029652
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality data have been updated for a further 12 years for a cohort of workers in the reinforced plastics and composites industry with exposures to styrene monomer and other chemicals. The cohort consisted of 15,826 male and female employees who were exposed to styrene for at least six months between 1948 and 1977 at...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.51.6.386
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Controversy still exists about the breast carcinogenic properties in humans of environmental xenoestrogens (organochlorines), justifying new investigations. AIMS:To compare the blood levels of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in samples collected at the time of breast ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.60.5.348
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate possible neurotoxic effects in groups of aluminium pot room and foundry workers, aluminium welders, and a small group of workers exposed to aluminium in the production of flake powder. METHODS:Exposure to aluminium was evaluated with aluminium concentrations in blood and urine as well as a que...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.58.7.453
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the association between long-term exposure to black smoke (BS) air pollution and mortality in two related Scottish cohorts with 25 years of follow-up. METHODS:Risk factors were collected during 1970-1976 for 15331 and 6680 participants in the Renfrew/Paisley and Collaborative cohorts ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2011-100600
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To examine the effect of silica exposure, in the absence of silicosis, on the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), which is epidemic among South African gold miners. METHODS:Cross-sectional study of 520 gold miners over 37 years of age. Length of service, and cumulative and average dust and quartz exposure...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2004.018614
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Systematic assessments of the effectiveness of interventions to prevent work related eye injuries are needed. AIM:To investigate the long term effectiveness of a multicomponent prevention campaign. METHODS:The campaign (conducted in collaboration with the local Employers' Association and Trade Unions) targ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2004.019570
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Workers on dredgers and lighters on rivers are potentially exposed to a variety of substances. AIMS:To determine the internal load of heavy metals and arsenic as well as levels of cytogenetic markers in workers exposed to river silt aerosols. METHODS:One hundred exposed workers were examined up to eight ti...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2003.007146
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the content of interventions focusing on return to work, employment status, or work retention in patients with cancer. Furthermore, the effect of the interventions on return to work was assessed in studies reporting return to work. METHODS:A literatu...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/oem.2009.050070
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) is a biopersistent surfactant used in the manufacture of several types of fluoropolymers. Based on previous findings of increased serum lipid levels associated with exposure to APFO, we evaluated ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in a cohort of occupationally exposed ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2008.041582
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Self-reported exposure to vapours, gas, dust or fumes (VGDF) has been widely used as an occupational exposure metric in epidemiological studies of chronic lung diseases. Our objective was to characterise the performance of VGDF for repeatability, systematic misclassification, and sensitivity and specificity ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2008.040022
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Assessment of level of exposure to platinum and platinum concentration in urine from platinum industry workers to evaluate internal exposures and excretion kinetics. METHODS:Platinum concentrations in urine samples from 34 workers were measured by adsorptive voltammetry after UV-photolysis. Morning and even...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.55.2.138
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To obtain knowledge about the use and distribution of hazardous chemicals in Danish industry. This knowledge is used to regulate the occupational environment and prevent hazardous exposure. METHODS:A national survey on the use of chemicals was carried out in 1989 in a stratified sample of 1448 Danish busine...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.52.7.454
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 32 year old male research physician accidentally received a minor wound from a needle which had been previously used on rabbit tissue. Within 15 minutes serious anaphylactic reactions started and he was taken to hospital where his condition stabilised within five hours. Serum immunoglobulin E antibodies to rabbit ep...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.53.8.573
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To describe the age standardised prevalence of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) in a nationwide cross sectional survey of 10 412 patients in France, and their functional and work limitations. METHODS:Cases in the survey were compared with their expected counterpart by age, gender, and occupational groupings using ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.60.11.882
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Leukaemia is the most common cancer in children, but its aetiology is still poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that traffic-related air pollution is associated with paediatric leukaemia because of chronic exposure to several potential carcinogens. METHODS:The Italian SETIL study (Study on the aetio...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101604
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Long working hours may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective was to investigate cross-sectional associations of work hours with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). METHODS:Participants were 1694 women and 1868 men from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Athe...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2012-100665
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Use of cost-benefit analysis in occupational health increases insight into the intervention strategy that maximises the cost-benefit ratio. This study presents a methodological framework identifying the most important elements of a cost-benefit analysis for occupational health settings. One of the main aims ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2011.064709
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This study estimated the prevalence of spirometry-defined airflow obstruction and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) among never-smoking coal miners participating in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP). METHODS:Data were from ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2019-106213
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Between 2001 and 2010, six research groups conducted coordinated multiyear, prospective studies of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) incidence in US workers from various industries and collected detailed subject-level exposure information with follow-up symptom, physical examination, electrophysiological measures...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101365
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide, millions of office workers use a computer. Reports of adverse health effects due to computer use have received considerable media attention. This systematic review summarises the evidence for a relationship between the duration of work time spent using the computer and the incidence of hand-arm and neck-sho...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/oem.2006.026468
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Natural rubber latex allergy can cause skin and respiratory symptoms The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of latex related symptoms and sensitisation among a large group of healthcare workers in Trieste hospitals, followed for three years before and after the introduction of pow...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/oem.2003.011460
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Occupational workload has been associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis. The objective was to further examine the association between workload and occurrence of osteoarthritis and in particular to study whether heavy workload has similar importance as a causative factor for osteoarthritis of the hi...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/oem.2007.033365
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To determine the cancer incidence in Swedish cabin crew. METHODS:Cancer incidence of cabin crew at the Swedish Scandinavian Airline System (SAS) (2324 women and 632 men) employed from 1957 to 1994 was determined during 1961-96 from the Swedish National Cancer Register. The cancer incidence in cabin crew was compa...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.60.11.810
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An association has previously been reported between finger blanching and hearing difficulties, but only in workers with exposure to noise and hand transmitted vibration (HTV). AIMS:To explore the association in a community sample, including cases who lacked occupational exposure to noise or HTV. METHOD:A q...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.59.9.640
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether CFS-like caseness (meeting the criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)) predicts work status in the long term. METHODS:Prospective study in a sample of fatigued employees absent from work. Data were collected at baseline and four years later, and included CFS-like caseness and work stat...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2005.023176
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Because of the rarity of small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA), little is known about the aetiology of this disease. This study aimed to identify occupational clustering of cases SBA as a systematic approach to new hypotheses on the aetiology of this disease. METHODS:A European multicentre case-control study was...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/oem.57.11.760
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Previous research has produced conflicting evidence on the relative merits of advancing and delaying shift systems. The current study assessed the effects of the direction of shift rotation within 8 hour systems, upon a range of measures including sleep, on shift alertness, physical health, and psychological...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.57.10.678
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the occurrence of work related respiratory symptoms and to assess the effect of atopy in a group of trainee bakers. METHODS:A prospective study of work related respiratory symptoms among 125 trainee bakers who were investigated with a questionnaire plus skin prick test with wheat flour and al...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.57.1.58
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00