Abstract：
:The adrenal gland synthesizes steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex and catecholamines from the adrenal medulla. Both cortisol and adrenal androgens can have powerful effects on bone. The overproduction of cortisol in Cushing's disease leads to a dramatic reduction in bone density and an increase risk of fracture. Overproduction of adrenal androgens in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) leads to marked changes in bone growth and development with early growth acceleration but ultimately a significant reduction in final adult height. The role of more physiological levels of glucocorticoids and androgens on bone metabolism is less clear. Cortisol levels measured in elderly individuals show a weak correlation with measures of bone density and change in bone density over time with a high cortisol level associated with lower bone density and more rapid bone loss. Cortisol levels and the dynamics of cortisol secretion change with age which could also explain some age related changes in bone physiology. It is also now clear that adrenal steroids can be metabolized within bone tissue itself. Local synthesis of cortisol within bone from its inactive precursor cortisone has been demonstrated and the amount of cortisol produced within osteoblasts appears to increase with age. With regard to adrenal androgens there is a dramatic reduction in levels with aging and several studies have examined the impact that restoration of these levels back to those seen in younger individuals has on bone health. Most of these studies show small positive effects in women, not men, but the skeletal sites where benefits are seen varies from study to study.
journal_name
Arch Biochem Biophysjournal_title
Archives of biochemistry and biophysicsauthors
Hardy R,Cooper MSdoi
10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-11-01 00:00:00pages
137-45issue
1eissn
0003-9861issn
1096-0384pii
S0003-9861(10)00226-2journal_volume
503pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, exogenous ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), cause various toxicological effects through the transformation of the AhR. In this study, we investigated the antagonistic effects of indigoids on the transformation in addition to their agonistic ones. In a cel...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2007.11.021
更新日期：2008-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (CldAdo, Cladribine), a nucleoside analog used in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, is phosphorylated and incorporated into DNA, but is not an absolute chain terminator. We hypothesized that the presence of a chlorine molecule projecting into the DNA minor groove would affect DNA:protein-bin...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2006.12.031
更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Characterization of aldose reductase purified from human placenta confirms that activation, as first analyzed in detail for the bovine enzyme, also occurs in humans. Routinely between 5 and 20% of the aldose reductase activity freshly purified from human placenta exhibits kinetic properties and insensitivity to aldose...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
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doi：10.1006/abbi.1996.0096
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1999.1232
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(91)90169-j
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-09-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(91)90218-8
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(85)90704-0
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00553-2
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-05-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.2000.2260
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.026
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protoporphyrin IX inhibits citrulline formation by all three nitric oxide synthase isoforms in a manner reversible by dilution. Zinc protoporphyrin IX, by contrast, produces a time- and concentration-dependent inactivation of all three nitric oxide synthase isoforms, not reversible by dilution. The inhibition of citru...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1996.0360
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(87)90102-0
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We hypothesized that cellular oxygen consumption is abnormal during sepsis as a result of increased oxidative stress and selective mitochondrial damage. In a rat model of sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture), we studied the respiratory characteristics of isolated hepatocytes and liver mitochondria 16 h after onset of ...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1997.0264
更新日期：1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of transition from a respiring to a respiration-inhibited state on the rate of protein synthesis was investigated in glycolyzing, cultured rat heart cells. The rate was found to be significantly lower after blocking respiration, and it was further decreased by L-lactate. In contrast, pyruvate or phenazine m...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(85)90615-0
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlorophyllase catalyzes the initial step in the degradation of chlorophyll and plays a key role in leaf senescence and fruit ripening. Here, we report the cloning of chlorophyllase from Triticum aestivum (wheat) and provide a detailed mechanistic analysis of the enzyme. Purification of recombinant chlorophyllase from...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2005.04.019
更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium pump was the first ion pump discovered. A member of the family of active transporters that catalyze adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis by forming a phosphorylated enzyme intermediate, sodium pump couples the energy released to unequal countertransport of sodium and potassium ions. The ion gradient generated b...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2008.05.017
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oxidative DNA damage by the cupric complexes of sisomicin was investigated in the presence of varying amounts of histidine, ATP, Mg(II) ions or phosphates. We found that by very low concentrations, the amino acid is able to inhibit the cleavage totally. This occurs both by its competition with antibiotic for coppe...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2004.07.018
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abstract：:Human alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH1 and ADH4) actively use retinoids oxidized at the cyclohexenyl ring (4-oxo-, 4-hydroxy-, and 3,4-didehydro-retinoids), which are functional compounds in several cells and tissues (i.e., in human skin). Remarkably, activities with 4-oxo-retinal and 4-hydroxy-retinol (kcat = 2050 min(-1...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2004.07.002
更新日期：2004-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in leukocytes and can react with HOBr to produce taurine bromamine (Tau-NHBr). The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Tau-NHBr to oxidize tryptophan, either free or as a residue in albumin. We have demonstrated that Tau-NHBr is a powerful oxidant for tryptophan....
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2010.12.026
更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The ferroxidase Fet3 and the permease Ftr1 constitute a well-conserved high-affinity iron uptake system in yeast. We have investigated the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of Fet3 in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Isolation and functional analysis of the Fet3 promoter indicate that a GATA sequence el...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2007.05.020
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glycerol phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) catalyzes the formation of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate from glycerol-3-phosphate and long chain fatty acyl-CoA substrates. We previously determined the topography of the mitochondrial GPAT1 isoform (mtGPAT1, 828 amino acids). mtGPAT1 has two transmembrane domains (TMDs) (aa...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2006.03.009
更新日期：2006-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of naturally occurring small organic molecules, primarily involved in maintaining osmotic pressure in the cell, display chaperone-like activity, stabilizing the native conformation of proteins, and protecting them from various kinds of stress. Most of them are sugars, polyols, amino acids or methylamines. Sim...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.abb.2005.09.014
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The protein kinase C (PKC) family of enzymes plays a key role in the regulation of cellular events, including cell proliferation and differentiation. Work from our laboratory has shown that the effects of dietary fat and fiber on colonic cell proliferation were positively correlated with membrane/cytosol PKC activity ...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/abbi.1994.1344
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acute effect of ethanol on hepatic protein synthesis is a rather controversial issue. In view of the conflicting reports on this subject, the effect of ethanol on protein labeling from L-[3H]valine in isolated liver cells was studied under a variety of experimental conditions. When tracer doses of the isotope were...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(83)90269-2
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cultured arterial smooth muscle cells have been found to contain an activatable neutral cholesteryl esterase (EC 3.1.1.13). This enzyme is similar to that previously described in adipose tissue, adrenal cortex, and aortic homogenates. Although both the lysosomal (acid) and cytoplasmic (neutral) cholesteryl esterases w...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(86)90531-x
更新日期：1986-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycation binding to the negatively charged surface of chloroplast thylakoid membranes is known to cause an inhibition of photosystem I activity. It also interferes with the cation-dependent rearrangement of chlorophyll proteins in the thylakoid membrane. It was shown that added anions prevented or reversed the inhib...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(83)90503-9
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in malignant hyperthermia (MH) was studied using the heavy microsomal fraction prepared from semitendinosus muscles of both normal and genetically MH-susceptible pigs. In the presence of ATP, SR was loaded with 70 nmol Ca2+/mg SR protein. Under these conditions, MH-SR demonstrat...
journal_title：Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0003-9861(86)90587-4
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
