Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the current situation of randomised drug trials involving the paediatric population. METHODS:Systematic review of paediatric randomised controlled trials of medicinal products published in 2007. Three major databases were searched with validated search strategies; Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials. Data was collected on the location, participants, class of drug and methodological quality of the trials. RESULTS:Six hundred and four trials were found involving more than 100,000 paediatric participants. Only about a quarter (146, 24%) were conducted in low and lower-middle income countries. Few studies (42, 7%) were performed in neonates. Many trials recruiting both adult and paediatric patients inadequately describe the characteristics of the paediatric participants. The most studied areas were nervous system (155, 26%), anti-infective (101, 17%) respiratory (74, 12%) or antiparasitic (45, 8%) drugs. A high proportion of the studies (36%) used an inactive placebo as the comparator. Paediatric randomised drug trials performed in low and low-middle income countries were of lower methodological quality (mean Jadad score 2.90 vs 3.27, p<0.01), studied more antiparasitic and anti-infectives (47% vs 16%, p<0.01) but fewer reported that ethical approval was obtained (83% vs 93%, p<0.01), compared to those conducted in high or upper-middle income countries. CONCLUSIONS:There are a significant number of randomised controlled drug trials involving children taking place throughout the world. To develop the evidence base for safe and effective medicines for the benefit of the whole paediatric population, high quality and ethical clinical trials should involve a wide range of children.
journal_name
Arch Dis Childjournal_title
Archives of disease in childhoodauthors
Aripin KN,Choonara I,Sammons HMdoi
10.1136/adc.2009.173591subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-06-01 00:00:00pages
469-73issue
6eissn
0003-9888issn
1468-2044pii
adc.2009.173591journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The serum concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyrotrophin (TSH) were measured in 10 term newborn infants between birth and the age of 2 days by radioimmunoassay. The mean concentration of T3 in maternal serum was 1.62 mug/l, and it increased from the low cord blood level of 0-63 mug/l to the...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.50.7.565
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the pathways by which children with cancer present to a shared care oncology unit. DESIGN:A population-based retrospective cohort study of children diagnosed with cancer between the years 2004 and 2014. SETTING:District General Hospital with a level 2 Paediatric Oncology Shared Care Unit. PATIE...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-308765
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To ascertain whether the reduction in nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine serotypes induced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PnCV) administered to infants persists beyond the age of 2 years. METHODS:Non-randomised, unblinded controlled study of 2-5 year old children who had received three doses of heptavalent Pn...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.88.3.211
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bowel habits in 844 preterm infants were observed during the first 56 days after birth. Delay in the passage of meconium beyond the second day occurred in 32%, and there was an inverse relation between gestational age and the day of first bowel action. Thereafter the increase in frequency of stools passed each day...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.68.3_spec_no.317
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temperatures of 587 children were taken before and after diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTP) or diphtheria/tetanus (DT) vaccine. Only slight temperature increases were found but these were notably more frequent after plain than adsorbed DTP vaccine preparations and the frequency increased with each successive dose....
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.58.11.921
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preductal and postductal oxygen saturation were compared in 20 ventilated preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease to establish the frequency of right to left shunting and to assess the accuracy of postductus arteriosus blood gas sampling. One hundred and thirty eight comparisons were made and the frequency of ri...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.67.10_spec_no.1166
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To determine the prevalence of petechial spots in well babies. METHODS:A total of 116 babies under the age of 12 months were fully examined at child health surveillance clinics. The number and site of petechiae were recorded together with details of possible causes. RESULTS:A total of 27.6% of babies had one or ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.86.4.291
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Sport practice is widely encouraged, both in guidelines and in clinical practice, because of its broad range of positive effects on health. However, very limited evidence directly supports this statement among adolescents and the sport duration that we should recommend remains unknown. We aimed to determine s...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-303729
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A family with multiple congenital scalp defects, over two generations and probably genetically determined, is described. Although alarming in appearance, surgical intervention is not indicated at least for small lesions. The risk of haemorrhage and meningitis is emphasized. ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.50.12.958
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid urbanisation in the 20th century has been accompanied by the development of slums. Nearly one-third of the world's population and more than 60% of urban populations in the least developed countries live in slums, including hundreds of millions of children. Slums are areas of broad social and health disadvantage ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-301621
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 24 hour energy balance study was carried out on 20 black Kenyan children with acute measles and repeated after recovery. The energy content of a weighed 24 hour food intake and of a simultaneous collection of faeces and urine was determined by bomb calorimetry. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.61.1.61
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of the response to corticosteroid therapy in a personal series of 8 consecutive cases of dermatomyositis in childhood shows that there are advantages in a moderate dosage, short-term treatment schedule, with gradual tapering of the dosage as soon as there is clinical improvement without waiting for full remis...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.51.7.494
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two Japanese outbreaks of erythema infectiosum were investigated for evidence of human parvovirus infection by a solid phase antibody capture radioimmunoassay based on a monoclonal antibody to human parvovirus. Specific IgM and high concentrations of specific IgG were detected in 37 sera from 27 children with erythema...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.59.11.1016
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and hyaline membrane disease (HMD) was studied in singletons that came to necropsy at Hammersmith Hospital over the years 1966-73. The incidence of IVH in singleton live births was 3-22/1000 and of HMD 4-44/1000. Although the high figures were partily due to the ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.51.10.755
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was carried out on the way in which children's beds were used by the specialty of paediatrics in a district general hospital. Five differing ways were found of interpreting the present Department of Health guidelines on health services information (Körner recommendations). These gave bed occupancy figures v...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.66.4.504
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Childhood arthritis arises from several causes. The aim of this observational study is to compare the clinical and biological features and short-term outcome of different types of arthritis because they have different treatment and prognoses. METHODS:Children <16 years of age hospitalised in a French tertiary care...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-310594
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty children (age range 75 days-47 months) with reflux oesophagitis entered a random double blind trial in which they received either Cisapride (Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd), a new prokinetic agent, or an identical placebo syrup. Diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux was made by measurement of intraluminal oesophag...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/adc.62.5.454
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A presenting sample of 127 consecutive referrals to a community based enuresis clinic were evaluated after treatment with baseline behavioural recording and the enuresis alarm. Almost one in five became dry after baseline recording only while 81 of 96 (84%) enuretics who used the alarm achieved the initial dryness cri...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.65.10.1158
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic fibrosis is a disease that still causes a reduced life expectancy. The treatment burden remains high for affected individuals with often a combination of multiple oral and inhaled medications, as well as physiotherapy, required on a daily basis. In this article, we look at an overview of the pathogenesis, how t...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-304400
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To prospectively examine relations between maternal DSM-IV-TR anxiety and depressive disorders and excessive infant crying. METHODS:Based on the prospective longitudinal Maternal Anxiety in Relation to Infant Development Study, n=306 expectant mothers were enrolled during early pregnancy and repeatedly intervi...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-305562
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective follow up of 116 high risk infants, a 24 hour behavioural chart on seven consecutive days was analysed at seven and 12 weeks of age. Of children who manifested atopic disease at 2 years, 44/116 (38%), had shown significantly more fussing during the seventh, and colic type cry during the twelfth week t...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.84.4.349
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1973 a survey was conducted among 12 year old children living in a defined area of South Wales. In 1988 the survey was repeated in the same area, again among 12 year old children. Questionnaires were completed for all 965 children in the population sample; peak expiratory flow rates were performed on them all, and ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.64.10.1452
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two neonates with acute infantile cerebral Gaucher's disease had prominent collodion skin. Ichthyosis has been described in some cases of metabolic lipid disorders, however, this is the first report of the association of lamellar desquamation of the newborn (collodion baby) with Gaucher's disease. ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.63.7.854
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A combined test of anterior pituitary function was used on 21 normal children. It shows that a comprehensive evaluation can be made of growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and gonadotrophin reserve. Simultaneous assessment of those peripheral glands associated with the anterior pi...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.53.4.301
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The management of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is still controversial, as the benefit to risk ratio of prolonged L-thyroxine therapy is not clear cut. Some authors have shown abnormalities of myocardial function and structure in adults with SH, which could be reversed by L-thyroxine therapy. As SH frequen...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.88.11.1005
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple double blind placebo controlled challenges with tartrazine 50 mg (three challenges) and glucose placebo (three challenges) were performed in 12 children with atopic eczema aged 1 to 6 years. The children were selected on the basis of severity (regular clinic attenders) and a parental history that tartrazine p...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/adc.67.6.709
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent famine in Ethiopia has resulted in the dislocation of millions of people. Many of these individuals have moved to refugee camps in Sudan or to feeding centres within Ethiopia. A total of 1325 children up to the age of 15 years were examined by an ophthalmologist in January 1985 at several sites in these two...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.61.11.1100
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is an imprinted disorder characterised by intrauterine growth retardation, relative macrocephaly, failure to thrive, typical facial phenotype and frequent body asymmetry. Feeding difficulties are frequently noted, but no study described evolution of gastrointestinal signs during...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-305864
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent research in febrile neutropaenia (FN) has focused on reducing the intensity of treatment for those thought to be at low risk of significant morbidity or mortality. This has not led to a reduced burden of treatment for either families or healthcare systems. An alternative approach is to discharge all p...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2019-317908
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to examine the overnight temperature pattern of babies during the prodromal phase of minor illnesses. The overnight rectal temperature pattern of 123 babies was recorded weekly from about 6 to at least 16 weeks old, while parents maintained detailed records of signs of illness. By analysis of patterns...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.71.1.80
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00