Excision of a lyase-resistant oxidized abasic lesion from DNA.

abstract：:8-Aminoguanine had previously been identified as one of the nucleic acid base modifications produced in livers of rats by treatment with the hepatocarcinogen 2-nitropropane (2-NP), and a hypothetical mechanism of activation of 2-NP to hydroxylamine-O-sulfonate or acetate that would lead to NH2+, an aminating species, ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sodum RS,Sohn OS,Nie G,Fiala ES

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a high-volume industrial chemical and a common environmental pollutant. Although BD is classified as a "probable human carcinogen", only limited evidence is available for its tumorigenic effects in occupationally exposed populations. Animal studies show a surprisingly high sensitivity of mice to ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Tretyakova N,Sangaiah R,Yen TY,Gold A,Swenberg JA

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) with deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) results in two distinct EPR-detectable species, the one-electron-reduced nitroprusside ion [(CN)5FeNO]3- and nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO). In the presence of excess cyanide (CN-) only the signal for [(CN)5FeNO]3- is observed. Thus, while free CN- does n...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wilcox DE,Kruszyna H,Kruszyna R,Smith RP

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutane (DEB) is a prominent carcinogenic metabolite of 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD), an important industrial chemical and an environmental pollutant found in cigarette smoke and automobile exhaust. DEB is capable of inducing a variety of genotoxic effects, including point mutations, large deletions, and chrom...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Park S,Hodge J,Anderson C,Tretyakova N

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of (alkylthio)trifluoropropanones containing a heterocyclic moiety was synthesized. The compounds were tested for in vitro inhibition of four hydrolytic enzymes including insect juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE), yeast lipase (LP), and bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. The I50 values r...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Székács A,Halarnkar PP,Olmstead MM,Prag KA,Hammock BD

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane (HCFC-131a), 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-132b), and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (HCFC-133a) were chosen as models for comparative metabolism studies on 1,1,1,2-tetrahaloethanes, which are under consideration as replacements for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Mal...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yin H,Jones JP,Anders MW

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gender differences in the in vitro microsomal metabolic activation of hepatotoxic clivorine, a representative naturally occurring hepatotoxic otonecine type pyrrolizidine alkaloid, in Sprague-Dawley rats and their relation to the gender differences in susceptibility to clivorine intoxication were reported in the p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lin G,Cui YY,Liu XQ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allyl alcohol (AA) is one of the environmental pollutants used as a herbicide and industrial chemical. AA undergoes enzymatic oxidation in vivo to form Acrolein (Acr), a highly reactive and ubiquitous environmental toxicant. The exposure to AA/Acr has detrimental effects on cells and is highly fatal. In corroboration ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Golla U,Bandi G,Tomar RS

更新日期：2015-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Formyl chloride has been indirectly implicated as an intermediate in the oxidation of CH(2)Cl(2) and proposed to be a product of the oxidation of some other compounds. Formyl chloride was synthesized and added to aqueous solutions, with CO formed as a product. The presence of glutathione (GSH) did not reduce the yield...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Watanabe K,Guengerich FP

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MXenes have attracted extensive attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. Especially, the flexibility and good conductivity endow MXenes with a great application prospect in the neural interfaces. However, the cytotoxicity of MXenes to nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the cyt...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wu W,Ge H,Zhang L,Lei X,Yang Y,Fu Y,Feng H

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrofluorenes are mutagenic and carcinogenic environmental pollutants arising chiefly from combustion of fossil fuels. Nitro aromatic compounds undergo nitroreduction to N-hydroxy arylamines that bind to DNA directly or after O-esterification. This study analyzes the DNA binding and adducts from the in vitro nitrored...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ritter CL,Culp SJ,Freeman JP,Marques MM,Beland FA,Malejka-Giganti D

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a heterocyclic aromatic amine that is formed during the cooking of meats and poultry. PhIP is a carcinogen in rodents and a potential human carcinogen. Several short-term biomarkers of PhIP have been established for human biomonitoring, but validated long-term ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Peng L,Turesky RJ

更新日期：2011-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Tobacco smoking is one of the leading causes for oral cancer. Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), an environmental pollutant and a tobacco smoke constituent, is the most carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) tested to date in several animal models (target organs: skin, lung, ovary, and mammary tissues). We hav...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Zhang SM,Chen KM,Aliaga C,Sun YW,Lin JM,Sharma AK,Amin S,El-Bayoumy K

更新日期：2011-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of proteins to radicals in the presence of O(2) brings about multiple changes in the target molecules. These alterations include oxidation of side chains, fragmentation, cross-linking, changes in hydrophobicity and conformation, altered susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes, and formation of new reactive grou...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Headlam HA,Mortimer A,Easton CJ,Davies MJ

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lapatinib (LAP), an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, has been associated with idiosyncractic hepatotoxicity. Recent investigations have implicated the importance of P450 3A4/5 enzymes in the formation of an electrophilic quinone imine (LAPQI) metabolite generated through fu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Eno MR,El-Gendy Bel-D,Cameron MD

更新日期：2016-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to arsenic affects large human populations worldwide and has been associated with a long list of human diseases, including skin, bladder, lung, and liver cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In addition, there are large individual differences in susceptibility to arsenic-induced diseases, which ar...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lu K,Cable PH,Abo RP,Ru H,Graffam ME,Schlieper KA,Parry NM,Levine S,Bodnar WM,Wishnok JS,Styblo M,Swenberg JA,Fox JG,Tannenbaum SR

更新日期：2013-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies suggested that lamotrigene (LTG) underwent bioactivation to a reactive aryl epoxide intermediate in rats. Nevertheless, definitive structures of these thioether conjugates, which are often needed to substantiate the mechanism of bioactivation and identity of reactive intermediate(s), were not fully es...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen H,Grover S,Yu L,Walker G,Mutlib A

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity of Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles (NP) at very low exposure levels (1 μg/mL and less) to a dominant bacterial isolate from freshwater (lake water), Bacillus licheniformis, was examined. Sterile lake water was directly used as a test medium or matrix to simulate the freshwater environment. Exposure to 1 μg/mL...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pakrashi S,Dalai S,Sabat D,Singh S,Chandrasekaran N,Mukherjee A

更新日期：2011-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:alpha-Sulfate trans-tamoxifen and alpha-sulfate cis-tamoxifen were synthesized as proposed active metabolites of tamoxifen that react with DNA. alpha-Acetoxytamoxifen was prepared as a model-activated form to produce a reactive carbocation. Calf thymus DNA was reacted with alpha-hydroxytamoxifen or the activated forms...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dasaradhi L,Shibutani S

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA damage and mutations are a major primary cause of cancer. Chemical bombardment of DNA is a major contributor to DNA damage. The Division of Chemical Toxicology recently hosted a panel of researchers who provided updates on the field of chemical toxicology at the nexus of DNA damage and repair. ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pathira Kankanamge LS,Perera HM,Griffin WC

更新日期：2021-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously reported that the diuretic thiosteroid spironolactone (SPL) inactivates rat liver microsomal cytochromes P450 [P450 (P450 3A and P450 2C11)] in a in a mechanism-based fashion, and we have identified two polar SPL metabolites (SPL-sulfinic acid and -sulfonic acid), formed in a partition ratio of appr...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Decker CJ,Cashman JR,Sugiyama K,Maltby D,Correia MA

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug-induced myocardial infarction (DIMI) is one of the most serious adverse drug effects that often lead to death. Therefore, the identification of DIMI at the early stages of drug development is essential. For this purpose, the in vitro testing and in silico prediction of interactions between drug-like substances an...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ivanov SM,Lagunin AA,Pogodin PV,Filimonov DA,Poroikov VV

更新日期：2014-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (CAS-RN 6959-96-3) (DMNQ) and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CAS-RN 58-27-5) (MNQ:menadione) are effective one electron redox cycling chemicals in vitro. In addition, in vitro MNQ forms a thioether conjugate with glutathione by nucleophilic attack at the third carbon. In contrast, here w...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Parry JD,Pointon AV,Lutz U,Teichert F,Charlwood JK,Chan PH,Athersuch TJ,Taylor EL,Singh R,Luo J,Phillips KM,Vetillard A,Lyon JJ,Keun HC,Lutz WK,Gant TW

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental stress induces the synthesis of glucose-regulated proteins (Grps) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and heat shock proteins (Hsps) in the cytoplasm. Iodoacetamide (IDAM), a prototypical alkyating agent, induces both Grp and Hsp synthesis in renal epithelial cells and causes necrosis which is prevented by...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： van De Water B,Wang Y,Asmellash S,Liu H,Zhan Y,Miller E,Stevens JL

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Raloxifene (Evista) is a second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator used in the treatment of osteoporosis and for chemoprevention of breast cancer. It is bioactivated to reactive intermediates, which covalently bind to proteins and form GSH conjugates upon incubation with NADPH and GSH-supplemented human ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dalvie D,Kang P,Zientek M,Xiang C,Zhou S,Obach RS

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies have implicated a role for airborne particulates of <2.5 microm diameter in the development/exacerbation of chronic cardiopulmonary disease; however, specific pathogenic mechanisms and the etiological significance of particle physicochemical properties remain unresolved. Using a microporous alu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kristovich R,Knight DA,Long JF,Williams MV,Dutta PK,Waldman WJ

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Derivatives of methyl 3-(1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-5-(propylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-ylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-ylamino)-3-oxopropane-1-sulfonate (1), a peptide-based DNA minor groove binding methylating agent, were synthesized and characterized. In all cases, the N-terminus was appended with an O-methyl sulfonate ester, while...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Iyer P,Srinivasan A,Singh SK,Mascara GP,Zayitova S,Sidone B,Fouquerel E,Svilar D,Sobol RW,Bobola MS,Silber JR,Gold B

更新日期：2013-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of the ubiquitous pollutant and endogenous metabolite, acrolein, is due in part to covalent protein modifications. Acrolein reacts readily with protein nucleophiles via Michael addition and Schiff base formation. Potential acrolein targets in protein include the nucleophilic side chains of cysteine, histi...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Cai J,Bhatnagar A,Pierce WM Jr

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug induced liver injury (DILI) can require significant risk management in drug development and on occasion can cause morbidity or mortality, leading to drug attrition. Optimizing candidates preclinically can minimize hepatotoxicity risk, but it is difficult to predict due to multiple etiologies encompassing DILI, of...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Williams DP,Lazic SE,Foster AJ,Semenova E,Morgan P

更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Prodrugs of 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine (90CE) are promising anticancer agents. The 90CE moiety is a readily latentiated, short-lived (t1/2 ∼ 30 s) chloroethylating agent that can generate high yields of oxophilic electrophiles responsible for the chloroethylation of the O-6 position of guanine ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Penketh PG,Patridge E,Shyam K,Baumann RP,Zhu R,Ishiguro K,Sartorelli AC

更新日期：2014-08-18 00:00:00