Effect of intestinal glucuronidation in limiting hepatic exposure and bioactivation of raloxifene in humans and rats.

abstract：:Catalase is an important antioxidant enzyme, which has been shown to provide cardiac protection from acute toxicity induced by doxorubicin, a most effective anticancer agent. Because cumulative dose-dependent chronic cardiomyopathy due to a long-term administration of doxorubicin is a significant clinical problem, the...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kang YJ,Sun X,Chen Y,Zhou Z

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), a mutagenic and nephrotoxic metabolite of trichloroethylene, is bioactivated to S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide (DCVCS) and chlorothioketene and/or 2-chlorothionoacetyl chloride by cysteine conjugate S-oxidase (S-oxidase) and cysteine conjugate beta-lyase (beta-lyase...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Barshteyn N,Elfarra AA

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic imides are known for their antitumor activity, especially the naphthalimide derivatives, such as Mitonafide and Amonafide. Recently, we have demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of a series of naphthalimide derivatives against B16F10 melanoma cells. On the basis of this fact, we have developed a study starting fro...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Machado KE,de Oliveira KN,Andreossi HM,Bubniak Ldos S,de Moraes AC,Gaspar PC,Andrade Eda S,Nunes RJ,Santos-Silva MC

更新日期：2013-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Bleomycin has a long-studied mechanism of action through the formation of a complex with metals, such as iron. The bleomycin-iron complex was recently shown to induce membrane damage by free radical reactivity. Because the use of Fe nanoparticles is spreading for drug delivery strategies, molecular mechanisms of cell ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Krokidis MG,Louka M,Efthimiadou EK,Ferreri C,Chatgilialoglu C

更新日期：2020-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Diethylstilbestrol (DES) and hexestrol (HES) are carcinogenic synthetic estrogens. The major metabolites of these compounds are their catechol derivatives, 3'-OH-DES and 3'-OH-HES. Oxidation of these metabolites leads to the electrophilic quinones, which are presumably involved in the tumor-initiating process. A synth...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jan ST,Rogan EG,Cavalieri EL

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological evidence suggests a lower incidence of Parkinson's disease in smokers than in nonsmokers. This evidence, together with the lower levels of brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in smokers and the potential neuroprotective properties of MAO inhibitors, prompted studies which led to the isolation and ch...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Castagnoli KP,Steyn SJ,Petzer JP,Van der Schyf CJ,Castagnoli N Jr

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Witch hazel ( Hammamelis virginiana) bark is a rich source of both condensed and hydrolizable oligomeric tannins. From a polyphenolic extract soluble in both ethyl acetate and water, we have generated fractions rich in pyrogallol-containing polyphenols (proanthocyanidins, gallotannins, and gallates). The mixtures were...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Touriño S,Lizárraga D,Carreras A,Lorenzo S,Ugartondo V,Mitjans M,Vinardell MP,Juliá L,Cascante M,Torres JL

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental stress induces the synthesis of glucose-regulated proteins (Grps) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and heat shock proteins (Hsps) in the cytoplasm. Iodoacetamide (IDAM), a prototypical alkyating agent, induces both Grp and Hsp synthesis in renal epithelial cells and causes necrosis which is prevented by...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： van De Water B,Wang Y,Asmellash S,Liu H,Zhan Y,Miller E,Stevens JL

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The C2'-oxidized abasic lesion (C2-AP) is produced in DNA that is subjected to oxidative stress. The lesion disrupts replication and gives rise to mutations that are dependent upon the identity of the upstream nucleotide. Ape1 incises C2-AP, but the 5'-phosphorylated fragment is not a substrate for the lyase activity ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wong RS,Sczepanski JT,Greenberg MM

更新日期：2010-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic fates of the nigrostriatal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its two-electron oxidation product, the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species (MPDP+), have been examined in mouse brain and liver tissue fractions. Incubations of MPTP (50 microM and 1 mM) with mouse brain...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wu E,Shinka T,Caldera-Munoz P,Yoshizumi H,Trevor A,Castagnoli N Jr

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:"Krokodil" is the street name for a homemade injectable drug that has been used as a cheap substitute for heroin. Codeine is the opioid starting material for krokodil synthesis, and desomorphine is claimed to be the main opioid of krokodil and the main component responsible for its addictive and psychoactive character...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Soares JX,Alves EA,Silva AMN,de Figueiredo NG,Neves JF,Cravo SM,Rangel M,Netto ADP,Carvalho F,Dinis-Oliveira RJ,Afonso CM

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The need for large-scale direct synthesis of stereochemically defined and site-specific benzo[alpha]pyrenediol epoxide-oligodeoxyribonucleotide adducts for detailed NMR and other biochemical and physicochemical studies has necessitated a better understanding of variables that lead to an enhancement of the reaction yie...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pirogov N,Shafirovich V,Kolbanovskiy A,Solntsev K,Courtney SA,Amin S,Geacintov NE

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is interest in the relative toxicities of emissions from electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes. Lists of cigarette smoke priority toxicants have been developed to focus regulatory initiatives. However, a comprehensive assessment of e-cigarette chemical emissions including all tobacco smoke Harmful and Pot...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Margham J,McAdam K,Forster M,Liu C,Wright C,Mariner D,Proctor C

更新日期：2016-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) are bifunctional alkylating agents widely used for the clinical treatment of cancer. They exert anticancer activity by inducing DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) within GC base pairs to form dG-dC cross-links. This lesion inhibits DNA double strand separation during replication and tra...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sun G,Zhao L,Fan T,Li S,Zhong R

更新日期：2014-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Solutions of synthetic fecapentaene 12 (FP-12) intended for carcinogenicity studies were found to decompose extremely rapidly during customary dosage procedures. Apparent half-lives as short as 15 min were observed. While rates and even the qualitative course of decomposition were surprisingly variable in replicate ex...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Streeter AJ,Donovan PJ,Anjo T,Ohannesian L,Sheffels PR,Wu PP,Keefer LK,Andrews AW,Bradford WW 3rd,Reist EJ

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are important human carcinogens in tobacco products. They are metabolized to produce a variety 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutyl (POB) DNA adducts including O(2)-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]thymidine (O(2)-POB-dT), the most abundant POB adduc...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Gowda AS,Spratt TE

更新日期：2016-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction of the alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and ethyl vinyl ketone (EVK) with nucleosides and 5'-mononucleotides was studied. The genotoxic activity of MVK and EVK in the SOS Chromotest was investigated. Three different types of adducts with deoxyguanosine were found and their structu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Eder E,Hoffman C,Deininger C

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulated monocytes and neutrophils generate hypochlorite (HOCl) via the release of the enzyme myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide. HOCl is a key bactericidal agent, but can also damage host tissue. As there is a strong link between chronic inflammation and some cancers, we have investigated HOCl damage to DNA, RNA...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Hawkins CL,Davies MJ

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study investigated the oxidative metabolism of 2-naphthyl isothiocyanate catalyzed by rat liver microsomes. Incubation of 2-naphthyl isothiocyanate, microsomes, and NADPH yielded either N,N'-di-2-naphthylurea or, on inclusion of 2-aminofluorene in the incubations, N-2-naphthyl-N'-2-fluorenylurea. These ure...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lee MS

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiosemicarbazones derived from acetylpyrazines were prepared by condensing an acetylpyrazine or a ring-substituted acetylpyrazine with thiosemicarbazide. Using the same procedure, N, N-dimethylthiosemicarbazones were synthesized from acetylpyrazines and N, N-dimethylthiosemicarbazide. A total of 20 compounds (16 nove...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Opletalová V,Kalinowski DS,Vejsová M,Kunes J,Pour M,Jampílek J,Buchta V,Richardson DR

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogens and their oxidative metabolites, the catechol estrogens, have been implicated in the development of breast cancer; yet, relatively little is known about estrogen metabolism in the breast. To determine how the parent hormone, 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)), is metabolized, we used recombinant, purified phase I enzy...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dawling S,Hachey DL,Roodi N,Parl FF

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aflatoxin Q1 8,9-oxide was synthesized and found to yield lower levels of N7-guanyl adducts than obtained from aflatoxin B1 8,9-oxide when mixed with calf thymus DNA or Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 cells. However, when S. typhimurium TA 98 was treated with the (analogous) epoxides of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin G1, aflato...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Raney KD,Shimada T,Kim DH,Groopman JD,Harris TM,Guengerich FP

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to distinguish and evaluate the contribution of reactive metabolite and reactive oxygen species as the mechanism of metabolism-dependent valproic acid-induced in vitro cytotoxicity. The involvement of reactive oxygen species in the mechanism of in vitro cytotoxicity was examined by the addition...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Tabatabaei AR,Thies RL,Abbott FS

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiologic studies have shown causal relationships between air pollution particles and adverse health effects in susceptible subpopulations. Fly ash particles (containing water-soluble and insoluble metals) are a component of ambient air particulate pollution and may contribute to particulate-induced health effects...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Prahalad AK,Inmon J,Ghio AJ,Gallagher JE

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The oxidation state of intracellular chromium has been determined directly in mammalian lung cells exposed to mutagenic and carcinogenic chromium compounds. Microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments on single V79 Chinese hamster lung cells showed that Cr(VI) and Cr(V) complexes were reduced completely...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dillon CT,Lay PA,Cholewa M,Legge GJ,Bonin AM,Collins TJ,Kostka KL,Shea-McCarthy G

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA nucleobases are the prime targets for chemical modifications by endogenous and exogenous electrophiles. Alkylation of the N7 position of guanine and adenine in DNA triggers base-catalyzed imidazole ring opening and the formation of N5-substituted formamidopyrimidine (N5-R-FAPy) lesions. Me-FAPy-dG adducts induced ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pujari SS,Tretyakova N

更新日期：2017-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:To obtain definitive information about the mechanisms of urinary calculus formation and the structural characteristics of the calculi induced by biphenyl administration in rats, with a focus on the sex dependency, the constituents of the urinary calculi were analyzed by HPLC, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (I...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ohnishi M,Yajima H,Yamamoto S,Matsushima T,Ishii T

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemical reactivity of styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), an alkylating agent with high affinity for the guanine–N7 position and a probable carcinogen for humans, with 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP), a trap for alkylating agents with nucleophilic characteristics similar to those of DNA bases, was investigated kinetically in...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： González-Pérez M,Gómez-Bombarelli R,Pérez-Prior MT,Arenas-Valgañón J,García-Santos MP,Calle E,Casado J

更新日期：2014-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion of organic material and are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. High levels of PAHs are commonly found in soils at industrial sites, thereby constituting a risk for humans and the environment. However, this risk is often difficult to es...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Niziolek-Kierecka M,Dreij K,Lundstedt S,Stenius U

更新日期：2012-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO(•); nitrogen monoxide) is known to be a critical regulator of cell and tissue function through mechanisms that utilize its unique physicochemical properties as a small and uncharged free radical with limited reactivity. Here, the basic chemistry and biochemistry of NO(•) are summarized through the des...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Toledo JC Jr,Augusto O

更新日期：2012-05-21 00:00:00