Pivotal role for two electron reduction in 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone metabolism and kinetics in vivo that prevents liver redox stress.

abstract：:Metabolic pathways of the mutagen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) remain incompletely characterized in humans. In this study, the metabolism of MeIQx was investigated in primary human hepatocytes. Six metabolites were characterized by UV and mass spectroscopy. Novel metabolites were additionally ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Langouët S,Welti DH,Kerriguy N,Fay LB,Huynh-Ba T,Markovic J,Guengerich FP,Guillouzo A,Turesky RJ

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding of arsenite, As(III), and arsenate, As(V), by molecules in the intracellular compartment of rabbit erythrocytes has been studied by 1H- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy, uptake of 73As, and ultrafiltration experiments. For intact erythrocytes to which 0.1-0.4 mM arsenite was added, direct evidence was obtained for...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Delnomdedieu M,Basti MM,Styblo M,Otvos JD,Thomas DJ

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is vital that methylated trivalent arsenicals [MA(III) and DMA(III)] are described and characterized unequivocally due to their high toxicity. Two different ways of generating the methylated trivalent arsenicals have been practiced-reduction of the methylated pentavalent arsenical either by the sodium-metabisulfite...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Hansen HR,Raab A,Jaspars M,Milne BF,Feldmann J

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidized nucleobases represent one of the main classes of damage induced in DNA by ionizing radiation. Emphasis was placed in this work on the measurement of four oxidized pyrimidine bases, including 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil (5-HMUra), 5-formyluracil (5-ForUra), 5-hydroxycytosine (5-OHCyt), and 5-hydroxyuracil (5-OHUra...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Douki T,Delatour T,Paganon F,Cadet J

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While xenobiotic carboxylic acids (XCAs) have been studied extensively with respect to their enzymatic conversion to potentially reactive acyl glucuronides with implications to drug induced hepatotoxicity, the formation of xenobiotic-S-acyl-CoA thioesters (xenobiotic-CoAs) have been much less studied in spite of data ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Darnell M,Weidolf L

更新日期：2013-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The tumorigenic activity of manufactured gas plant residue (MGP) was evaluated in female A/J mice using a F0927 basal gel diet system. Adulterated diets containing MGP (0.10% or 0.25%) or benzo[a]pyrene (B[alpha]P; 16 or 98 ppm) were fed for 260 days. A negative control group was maintained on a nonadulterated basal g...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Weyand EH,Chen YC,Wu Y,Koganti A,Dunsford HA,Rodriguez LV

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity of Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles (NP) at very low exposure levels (1 μg/mL and less) to a dominant bacterial isolate from freshwater (lake water), Bacillus licheniformis, was examined. Sterile lake water was directly used as a test medium or matrix to simulate the freshwater environment. Exposure to 1 μg/mL...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pakrashi S,Dalai S,Sabat D,Singh S,Chandrasekaran N,Mukherjee A

更新日期：2011-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies suggested that lamotrigene (LTG) underwent bioactivation to a reactive aryl epoxide intermediate in rats. Nevertheless, definitive structures of these thioether conjugates, which are often needed to substantiate the mechanism of bioactivation and identity of reactive intermediate(s), were not fully es...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen H,Grover S,Yu L,Walker G,Mutlib A

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:3-Chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (CMCF) is a strong direct acting bacterial mutagen found in chlorine-disinfected drinking water. We studied the reaction of CMCF with 2-deoxyadenosine in buffered aqueous solutions and found that three main adducts were formed. The adducts were isolated and purified b...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Munter T,Le Curieux F,Sjöholm R,Kronberg L

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction of the antitumor agent leinamycin with thiols converts this natural product into an episulfonium ion that alkylates the N7-position of guanine residues in double-stranded DNA. It is reported here that depurination of this adduct is unusually facile, occurring with a half-life of about 3.5 h at pH 7 and 37...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nooner T,Dutta S,Gates KS

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfhydration by a hydrogen sulfide anion and electrophile thiolation by reactive sulfur species (RSS) such as persulfides/polysulfides (e.g., R-S-SH/R-S-Sn-H(R)) are unique reactions in electrophilic signaling. Using 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-4-thioacetate (1,2-NQH2-SAc) as a precursor to 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-4-th...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Shinkai Y,Abiko Y,Ida T,Miura T,Kakehashi H,Ishii I,Nishida M,Sawa T,Akaike T,Kumagai Y

更新日期：2015-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The perfluorinated carboxylic acid, perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA), is a known peroxisome proliferator which displays toxicity in rodents. Using a paired-tracer first-pass extraction technique, the effect of PFDA on hepatic glucose transport was determined in the isolated perfused rat liver. In brief, livers isolate...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Goecke-Flora CM,Wyman JF,Jarnot BM,Reo NV

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The administration of 3'-hydroxyacetanilide, a regioisomer of acetaminophen, to mice failed to produce hepatotoxicity even after the administration of diethyl maleate. In contrast, hepatotoxicity did occur when 3'-hydroxyacetanilide was administered to buthionine sulfoximine pretreated mice. Although the administratio...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Tirmenstein MA,Nelson SD

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously, we reported a new animal model of an idiosyncratic drug reaction in which nevirapine causes a skin rash in some rats that has characteristics similar to the reaction that occurs in humans. Strong evidence that the reaction is immune-mediated was found; specifically, low-dose pretreatment induced tolerance,...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Shenton JM,Popovic M,Chen J,Masson MJ,Uetrecht JP

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemical reactivity of styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), an alkylating agent with high affinity for the guanine–N7 position and a probable carcinogen for humans, with 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP), a trap for alkylating agents with nucleophilic characteristics similar to those of DNA bases, was investigated kinetically in...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： González-Pérez M,Gómez-Bombarelli R,Pérez-Prior MT,Arenas-Valgañón J,García-Santos MP,Calle E,Casado J

更新日期：2014-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) catalyzed oxidation of amines has been proposed to proceed via a polar pathway, an initial single-electron transfer pathway and an initial hydrogen atom transfer pathway. Results from previous studies on selected N-cyclopropyl-4-substituted-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives have le...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nimkar SK,Anderson AH,Rimoldi JM,Stanton M,Castagnoli KP,Mabic S,Wang YX,Castagnoli N Jr

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spin adducts are observed when the unfiltered smoke produced during the aerobic pyrolysis of perfluoro polymers (PFP) is bubbled through a solution of the ESR spin trap alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). The spin adducts include those from an oxy radical and the fluorine atom, and in addition the spin trap is oxi...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lachocki TM,Nuggehalli SK,Scherer KV,Church DF,Pryor WA

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) to human lung epithelial (A549) cells was investigated in this study. CuO NPs (10-100 mg/L) had significant toxicity to A549 cells, whereas CuO bulk particles (BPs) showed much lower toxicity (24 h IC(50), 58 and 15 mg/L for CuO BPs and NPs, respectively). Transmission electron ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wang Z,Li N,Zhao J,White JC,Qu P,Xing B

更新日期：2012-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Sugars and sugar degradation products react in vivo readily with proteins (glycation) resulting in the formation of a heterogeneous group of reaction products, which are called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs notably change the structure and function of proteins so that extended protein-AGE formation is l...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Schneider M,Thoss G,Hübner-Parajsz C,Kientsch-Engel R,Stahl P,Pischetsrieder M

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of individual histone proteins (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, or H4) and histone octamers (consisting of two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) to hydroxyl radicals, generated by gamma-irradiation, in the presence of O(2) generates protein-bound hydroperoxides in a dose-dependent fashion; this is in accord with prev...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Luxford C,Dean RT,Davies MJ

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:O6-Benzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine is a potential antitumor drug modulator that is intended to reduce or eliminate O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity in tumors prior to treatment with genotoxic chemotherapeutic alkylating agents. The rationale for using this compound instead of the more active O6-benzylguanine and...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kokkinakis DM,Moschel RC,Pegg AE,Dolan ME,Schold SC Jr

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylglyoxal is a mutagenic bis-electrophile that is produced endogenously from carbohydrate precursors. Methylglyoxal has been reported to induce DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) in vitro and in cultured cells. Previous work suggests that these cross-links are formed between guanine and either lysine or cysteine side ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Petrova KV,Millsap AD,Stec DF,Rizzo CJ

更新日期：2014-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Many organic sulfides (mono-, di-, and polysulfides) are present in our environment. Simple derivatives are produced by some plants and animals, while complex sulfides are secondary metabolites of several genera of bacteria and fungi. Sulfides play an important role in the smell and taste of food, and many such compou...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Munday R

更新日期：2012-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was conducted to investigate the protein adducts with pesticides in a cohort of 172 factory workers that were exposed to a mixture of pesticides. The 35 samples showing considerable variation in biochemical parameters, i.e., butyrylcholinestrase (BChE), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glut...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rehman T,Khan MM,Shad MA,Hussain M,Oyler BL,Goo YA,Goodlett DR

更新日期：2016-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Finger 3 of transcription factor IIIA of Xenopus laevis was synthesized and constituted with Zn(2+) or Cd(2+). The C-block element of the internal control region of the promoter of the 5S rRNA gene binds to the Zn-F3 and Cd-F3 with dissociation constants of 2.6 x 10(-5) and 1.5 x 10(-4) M, respectively. According to N...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Krepkiy D,Försterling FH,Petering DH

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A newly developed recombinant yeast strain, in which the human estrogen receptor has been stably integrated into the genome of the yeast, was used to gain information on the estrogenic activity of a large series of dietary flavonoids. Among 23 flavonoids investigated, 8 were found to markedly stimulate the transcripti...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Breinholt V,Larsen JC

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The polyphenolics in green tea are believed to be the bioactive components. However, poor bioavailability following ingestion limits their efficacy in vivo. In this study, polyphenon E (poly E), a standardized green tea extract, was administered by sustained-release polycaprolactone implants (two, 2-cm implants; 20% d...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Cao P,Vadhanam MV,Spencer WA,Cai J,Gupta RC

更新日期：2011-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydroxyl radical can be induced from Fenton reaction or gamma radiolysis of water. It can add preferentially to the C5 position of thymidine to give the 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidin-6-yl radical. In this report, we examined the independent generation and reactivity of this radical in oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs)....

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Zhang Q,Wang Y

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear receptor human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that responds to a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic molecules. Upon activation with ligands, hPXR can increase induction levels of metabolic enzymes. Therefore, hPXR plays a critical role in drug metabolism and excr...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen CN,Shih YH,Ding YL,Leong MK

更新日期：2011-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The conjugation of reactive drug metabolites to GSH is considered an important detoxification mechanism that can be spontaneous and/or mediated by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). In case GSTs play an important role in GSH conjugation, genetically determined deficiencies in GSTs may be a risk factor for adverse drug...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dragovic S,Boerma JS,van Bergen L,Vermeulen NP,Commandeur JN

更新日期：2010-09-20 00:00:00