Abstract：
PURPOSE:Cycling to school is positively associated with aerobic fitness in Danish schoolchildren and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a positive association exists between active travel and aerobic fitness in English schoolchildren, where cycling to school is rare. METHODS:Participants (n = 6085, 47% girls, aged 10.0-15.9 yr) were recruited as part of the East of England Healthy Hearts study. Mass and stature were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Aerobic fitness was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test (20-mSRT); mode of travel to school and physical activity (PA) were assessed by a questionnaire. Differences in BMI, PA, and fitness by travel mode were assessed by ANOVA and ANCOVA. Participants were categorized as "fit" or "unfit" on the basis of existing cutoffs related to adult health. Logistic regression was applied to calculate age, BMI, and PA-adjusted odds of being classified as fit according to travel mode. RESULTS:Walking was the most common travel mode to school (50%), and cycling was least frequent (8%). Walkers and cyclists of both sexes were significantly fitter than passive transport users, even after controlling for PA. Walking and cycling were associated with an increased likelihood of being categorized as fit in boys and girls. After adjustment for PA, this association remained significant only in girls. No association was observed between travel mode and BMI. CONCLUSIONS:These data confirm findings from countries where cycling is very common in showing that cycling to school is positively associated with aerobic fitness. This study adds to the existing literature by showing that walkers and cyclists are more likely to be classified as fit using recognized cut points. Those who walk and cycle to school may, therefore, be at reduced risk for developing chronic diseases in adulthood.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Voss C,Sandercock Gdoi
10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b11bdcsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-02-01 00:00:00pages
281-7issue
2eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315pii
00005768-201002000-00009journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the relative association of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and adiposity with C-reactive protein (CRP) in prepubescent children. METHODS:Forty-five prepubescent children (age = 9.4 ± 1.6 yr; 26 boys) were assessed for adiposity (percent fat) via dua...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e0355e
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Most studies of physical fitness change have been relatively small, not population-based, and lacking in women and nonwhites. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the 7-yr change in physical fitness in a biracial (black and white) population of young men and women. METHODS:We evaluated change in exerci...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199803000-00014
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-Walk/Run Scale of Perceived Exertion was examined using young adult women and men (18-36 yr). METHODS:Concurrent validity was established by correlating OMNI-Walk/Run Scale ratings of perceived exertion (RPE-OMNI) with oxygen uptake (VO2), relative maximal oxygen u...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000142310.97274.94
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on level of agreement between six previously established prediction equations for three commonly used accelerometers to predict summary measures of energy expenditure (EE) in youth. METHODS:One hundred and thirty-one youth between ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318267b8f1
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of differing amounts of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), 0, 36, and 76 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), on hematology, hepatic and renal function during 8 wk of resistance training. METHODS:Thirty-seven, untrained collegiate males and were randomly assign...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005768-200012000-00023
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study focused on age and physical activity as determinants of muscle strength. The study involved 620 women 25-73 yr of age. The five muscle groups assessed were: grip, plantarflexors, hip abductors, trunk flexors, and trunk extensors. Pearson correlations yielded significant negative correlations of muscle stren...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Several investigators have demonstrated that chronic eccentric leg cycling is an effective method for improving lower body neuromuscular function (e.g., quadriceps muscle size, strength, and mobility) in a variety of patient and athletic populations. To date, there are no reports of using eccentric arm cycli...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318269c79c
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of exercise-induced metabolic stress on hormonal responses and chronic muscular adaptations. METHODS:We compared the acute and long-term effects of an "NR regimen" (no-rest regimen) and those of a "WR regimen" (regimen with rest period within a set). Twenty-s...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 19-yr-old college football player presents with a 1.5-yr history of right shoulder pain and associated easy fatigability of the right arm. The history is significant for an automobile accident 3 yr prior to presentation in which the right shoulder struck the dashboard of the car. An extensive workup proved unremarka...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Parents play a critical role in shaping children's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, including those around physical activity and inactivity. Our ability to identify which practices effectively promote children's physical activity and limit inactivity is limited by existing measurement instruments. This p...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829d27de
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and evaluate the accuracy of a portable telemetric oxygen uptake analyzer (K2). Two experiments were carried out: a) using a mechanical lung, the accuracy of the K2 to measure oxygen fractions and minute ventilation following 10 and 60 min of warm-up was determin...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Canine skeletal muscle preparations in situ contain varying mixtures of fast and slow fatigue resistant fibers. All vessels on the arterial side of the vascular bed in these preparations from the conduit arteries to the arterioles contribute to the vascular resistance. The vascular beds autoregulate at rest and during...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/00005768-198810001-00004
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this project was to determine whether mild heat stress induced by wearing a wet suit while swimming in relatively warm water (25.4 +/- 0.1 degrees C) increases the risk of heat injury during the cycling and running stages of an International distance triathlon in a hot and humid environment (32 degrees ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199801000-00014
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The degree of parasympathetic control of resting heart rate (PC) was assessed by measurement of variation in heart period (VHP) during cardiopulmonary synchronization of respiration. Respiratory period was arbitrarily preset and standardized at 7 heart beats (3 beats inspiration, 4 beats expiration). The mathematical ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198508000-00008
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the optimal crank length and crank-axle height for maximum power production during standing arm cranking ("grinding"). METHODS:Nine elite professional America's Cup grinders (age = 36 +/- 2 yr, body mass = 104 +/- 1 kg, body fat = 13% +/- 2%) performed eight maximal 6-s sprints on an adjustable ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b46f3a
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For high-intensity muscular exercise, the time-to-exhaustion (t) increases as a predictable and hyperbolic function of decreasing power (P) or velocity (V ). This relationship is highly conserved across diverse species and different modes of exercise and is well described by two parameters: the "critical power" (CP or...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d9cf7f
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular oxidants include a variety of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorinating species. It is well established that the increase in metabolic rate in skeletal muscle during contractile activity results in an increased production of oxidants. Failure to remove these oxidants during exercise can result in significan...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005768-199907000-00011
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twelve male swimmers were studied psychologically before, during, and after 10 d of increased training. Daily training distance was increased from 4,000 to 9,000 m.d-1, and intensity was maintained at 94% of VO2max. Three of the swimmers were unable to tolerate the increased training load, and they did the same distan...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198808000-00014
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present studies, the Leuven Tennis Performance Test (LTPT), a newly developed test procedure to measure stroke performance in match-like conditions in elite tennis players, was evaluated as to its value for research purposes. The LTPT is enacted on a regular tennis court. It consists of first and second service...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199808000-00016
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Exercise training restores innate immune system cell function in post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) rats. However, studies of the involvement of lymphocyte (Ly) in the setting of the congestive heart failure (CHF) are few. To address this issue, we investigated the function of Ly obtained from cervical lymph ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31815ed6d2
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Equations are often used to predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) from submaximal or maximal exercise tests. However, no study has comprehensively compared these exercise-based equations with directly measured CRF using data from a single, large cohort. PURPOSE:This study aimed to compare the accuracy of exercise-b...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002435
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Exercise is associated with altered gut microbial composition, but studies have not investigated whether the gut microbiota and associated metabolites are modulated by exercise training in humans. We explored the impact of 6 wk of endurance exercise on the composition, functional capacity, and metabolic output ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001495
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine the associations between participation frequency in physical education (PE) classes and objective measures of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in children from 12 countries at different levels of development. METHODS:This multinational, cross-sectional study includ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001524
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare the modified Broström and Evans procedures for simulated lateral ankle instability in cadaveric lower extremities. METHODS:Six normal cadaveric ankles were loaded with inversion and internal rotation stress through the range of ankle flexion, and three-dimensional motio...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000222827.56982.40
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gravity-dependency and age-dependency of noradrenergic vasoconstrictor outflow to skeletal muscle (muscle sympathetic nerve activity; MSNA) in humans was analyzed by applying microneurography technique. The basal level of MSNA in the horizontally supine position increased with aging without significant changes in ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199610000-00039
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The main purpose of the present study was to measure the total oxygen consumed, accumulation of blood metabolites, and performance during alternating intensity exercise before and after a period of creatine (Cr) loading in well-trained humans. METHODS:Fourteen males were randomly assigned to two groups of seve...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005768-200002000-00018
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compared with level walking or running, progressive downhill walking or running requires a decreasing energy cost to some minimum where the cost again increases with further decrements in grade. Margaria estimated this minimum occurs at a -9% grade. In this study an attempt was made to more precisely track the energy ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/00005768-199301000-00022
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose was to study the effects of skipping rate on energy expenditure and sex differences in response to rope skipping. Responses of 19 males and 11 females were measured while skipping for 5 min at 125, 135 and 145 skips . min-1. Expired air was routed through a hollow handle to collection bags to provide unint...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaerobic ATP production in skeletal muscle and the accumulated oxygen deficit (O2D) incurred during an exhaustive cycle bout (duration = 173 +/- 24 s; intensity = 112 +/- 3% VO2peak), were determined in 10 male cyclists (mean +/- SD: VO2peak = 69.8 +/- 4.2 ml.kg-1.min-1). Anaerobic ATP production (mmol.kg-1 d.w.) was...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199603000-00007
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Temperature increase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions after endurance exercise were expected to stimulate the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSP) in peripheral blood leukocytes. Furthermore, it was of interest whether regular endurance training influences HSP expression. METHODS:The expression ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200003000-00007
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
