Abstract：
:Twelve male swimmers were studied psychologically before, during, and after 10 d of increased training. Daily training distance was increased from 4,000 to 9,000 m.d-1, and intensity was maintained at 94% of VO2max. Three of the swimmers were unable to tolerate the increased training load, and they did the same distance at slower speeds. Swimmers completed the Profile of Mood States, a muscle soreness scale, and a 24-h history each morning prior to the first of two daily training sessions. Changes across days were evaluated statistically with a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Significant (P less than 0.005) increases occurred in the ratings of exercise intensity, muscle soreness, depression, anger, fatigue, and global mood disturbance, along with a reduction in general sense of well-being. Swimmers were classified as "responders" or "non-responders" on the basis of distress patterns using separate physiological and psychological criteria, and these classifications were performed in a double-blind setting. Close agreement (89%) was achieved between the psychometric and physiological judgments, and the physiological results appear in related papers. It is concluded that significant psychometric changes occur with an intense 10-d training regimen, and these alterations resemble those observed in swimmers exposed to increased training across several months. These findings underscore the potential utility of monitoring mood states in the prevention of staleness.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Morgan WP,Costill DL,Flynn MG,Raglin JS,O'Connor PJdoi
10.1249/00005768-198808000-00014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-08-01 00:00:00pages
408-14issue
4eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Children and adolescents possess higher weight-related maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) levels than older individuals. The capacity of prepubescent children to improve aerobic fitness with endurance training is controversial, and reported data have provided conflicting evidence. In the adult, physical activity of c...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Interval exercise training can elicit physiological adaptations similar to those of traditional endurance training, but with reduced time. However, the intense nature of specific protocols, particularly the "all-out" efforts characteristic of sprint interval training (SIT), may be perceived as being aversi...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000494
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Walking is an important form of physical activity. It is practiced by people of nearly all ages, throughout the world. Walking is an integral part of life, and there is accumulating evidence that it is essential to good health. There are many ways to measure walking including pedometers, accelerometers, trail counters...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c699c
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of mouth rinsing a CHO-electrolyte (CHO-E) solution on 1-h running performance. A second study determined whether mouth rinsing a CHO-E solution altered the blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations at rest. METHODS:After a 13-h fast, 10 endurance-tr...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bac6e4
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Ultraendurance exercise is steadily growing in popularity; however, the effect of increasingly prolonged durations of exercise on the vascular endothelium is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of various ultramarathon running distances on vascular form and function. METHODS:We evalua...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002493
更新日期：2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The cold pain sensitivity in fighter pilots was studied by using a cold pressor test. METHODS:The pilots were divided into two groups: one group consisting of eight pilots (N = 8) who had experienced several acute in-flight neck pain attacks, and the control group (N = 8) who had not experienced these pain con...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199804000-00016
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to test whether environmental hypoxia could potentiate the effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. METHODS:Fourteen adolescents with obesity were assigned to 6 wk of exercise training either in normoxic or in hypoxic conditions (FiO2 15%). Adolescents traine...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001694
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine which combination of landing protocol and analysis technique would be the most effective at detecting differences in dynamic stability between healthy subjects and subjects with functional ankle instability (FAI). METHODS:Fifty-eight subjects participated in this investigation: 29 healthy individu...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000149887.84238.6c
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ventilatory threshold (VT) has been suggested as a method for determining exercise training intensity in cardiac transplant patients (CTPs). Since the VT has not been validated against the more accepted marker of the anaerobic threshold, the lactate threshold (LT), in CTPs, the purpose of this investigation was to...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the hypothesis that the skin blood flow response to body heating is not uniform over the entire body surface, we compared forearm (FBF) and calf (CBF) blood flow responses to an increase in core temperature (esophageal temperature, Tes) during dynamic exercise. We studied 13 physically active men during sem...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In order to investigate overtraining-related adaptations in the autonomic nervous system, cardiac autonomic activity was examined in a junior cross-country skier who presented with reduced performance in competitions, early breathlessness during training sessions, and accumulated central fatigue. METHODS:Power...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200009000-00001
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the aortic-cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in eight average fit (AF: VO2max = 44.7 +/- 1.3 ml.kg-1 x min-1) and seven high fit (HF: VO2max = 64.1 +/- 1.7 ml.min-1 x kg-1) healthy young men during hypotension elicited by steady state sodium nitroprusside (SN) infusion. During SN mean arterial pressure (MAP) ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether reflexive, or more broadly, automatic hamstrings excitation could be elicited during isometric, maximum effort, step increases in knee extension torque. Eight healthy subjects without lower extremity dysfunction or injury performed maximum effort isometric knee e...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The way in which athletes achieve the necessary height to accomplish the rotational requirements of springboard dives was investigated by focusing upon the take-offs of dives from the forward and reverse groups. Films of eight women in the 3-m final of the 1982 Canadian championship and of five men practicing for the ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198406000-00007
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Isokinetic strength is normally measured for a single range of motion and body position. This study quantified the variability, between individuals, in the relationships between a single peak knee extension moment and the isokinetic extension moments measured for different hip angles and ranges of knee motion. ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200005000-00016
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationships between individual performance and lactate exchange and removal abilities were studies in 12 male rowers all subjected to three measurements on a rowing ergometer. An incremental exercise carried out to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the corresponding maximal aerobic power (Pamax), ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199703000-00016
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Physical activity (PA) associates with cardiovascular autonomic function, but the relationship with lifelong PA is unclear. We hypothesized that lifelong PA would associate with cardiovascular autonomic function in midlife. METHODS:At the age of 46 yr, the subjects of the prospective Northern Finland Birth Coh...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000942
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the physiological responses to walking with hand-held weights (HWs), 12 untrained men completed three sub-maximal and two maximal treadmill tests. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, rate pressure product, and rating of perceived exer...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:Decreased lumbo-pelvic (or core) stability has been suggested to contribute to the etiology of lower extremity injuries, particularly in females. This prospective study compares core stability measures between genders and between athletes who reported an injury during their season versus those who ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000128145.75199.c3
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:High-intensity endurance training can elicit profound cardiac adaptations; however, the current evidence as to its impact on the proximal aorta is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological and functional characteristics of the proximal aorta in endurance athletes. METHODS:Fif...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002508
更新日期：2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:For high-intensity muscular exercise, the time-to-exhaustion (t) increases as a predictable and hyperbolic function of decreasing power (P) or velocity (V ). This relationship is highly conserved across diverse species and different modes of exercise and is well described by two parameters: the "critical power" (CP or...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d9cf7f
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Aerobic exercise training has been shown to improve CRP; however, there are limited data evaluating the effect of other exercise training modalities (aerobic, resistance, or combination trai...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824526cc
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study was designed to determine changes in metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors following normobaric hypoxic exercise training in healthy men. METHODS:Following a randomized baseline maximal exercise test in hypoxia and/or normoxia, 34 physically active subjects were randomly assigned to either a nor...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200006000-00004
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Hyperventilation increases the clearance of carbon monoxide (CO) from blood; thus, we hypothesized that CO elimination would be enhanced with exercise. Accordingly, this study examined the effect of exercise on the half-life of carboxyhemolobin elimination. METHODS:Six healthy subjects (three males and three f...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182602a00
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute aerobic exercise improves mood and activates the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in physically active individuals; however, both mood and eCB responses to exercise may vary based on habitual levels of physical activity. PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine eCB and mood responses to prescribed and preferred exercise...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001276
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular oxidants include a variety of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorinating species. It is well established that the increase in metabolic rate in skeletal muscle during contractile activity results in an increased production of oxidants. Failure to remove these oxidants during exercise can result in significan...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005768-199907000-00011
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Similar to musician's focal dystonia, a task-specific phenomenon known as yips, has also been reported in professional athletes. Yips is usually described as focal dystonia, or choking under pressure, or as lying on a continuum between both. Based on the common occupational conditions across musicians and athle...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001696
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The fluctuations in force during a steady contraction can be influenced by age, vision, and level of physiological arousal. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a stressor on the force fluctuations and information transmission exhibited by young, middle-aged, and older adults when a pinch-grip ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000178103.72988.cd
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different volumes of high-intensity resistance training on isometric torque and muscle thickness. Training was conducted three times per week using one set (low volume, EX-1, N = 18) or three sets (high volume, EX-3, N = 20) of dynamic variable resistance exerc...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199610000-00016
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Several investigators have demonstrated that chronic eccentric leg cycling is an effective method for improving lower body neuromuscular function (e.g., quadriceps muscle size, strength, and mobility) in a variety of patient and athletic populations. To date, there are no reports of using eccentric arm cycli...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318269c79c
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
