Abstract:
:Cellular oxidants include a variety of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorinating species. It is well established that the increase in metabolic rate in skeletal muscle during contractile activity results in an increased production of oxidants. Failure to remove these oxidants during exercise can result in significant oxidative damage of cellular biomolecules. Fortunately, regular endurance exercise results in adaptations in the skeletal muscle antioxidant capacity, which protects myocytes against the deleterious effects of oxidants and prevents extensive cellular damage. This review discusses the effects of chronic exercise on the up-regulation of both antioxidant enzymes and the glutathione antioxidant defense system. Primary antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase will be discussed as well as glutathione, which is an important nonenzymatic antioxidant. Growing evidence indicates that exercise training results in an elevation in the activities of both superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase along with increased cellular concentrations of glutathione in skeletal muscles. It seems plausible that increased cellular concentrations of these antioxidants will reduce the risk of cellular injury, improve performance, and delay muscle fatigue.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Powers SK,Ji LL,Leeuwenburgh Cdoi
10.1097/00005768-199907000-00011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-07-01 00:00:00pages
987-97issue
7eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with body composition and physical fitness at a 12-month follow-up in healthy Swedish 4-yr-old children. METHODS:The data from the population-based MINISTOP trial were collected ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001313
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Caffeine is an exercise performance enhancer widely used by individuals engaged in training or competition under heat-stressed conditions. Caffeine ingestion during exercise in the heat is believed to be safe, since it does not greatly affect body temperature responses, heart rate or body fluid status. How...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002537
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:Evidence suggests that carbohydrate and protein (CHO-PRO) ingestion after exercise enhances muscle glycogen repletion to a greater extent than carbohydrate (CHO) alone. However, there is no consensus at this point, and results across studies are mixed, which may be attributable to differences in en...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002476
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of supervised physical training (PT) and lifestyle education (LSE) on risk factors for coronary artery disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were compared in obese 7- to 11-yr-old black girls. The subjects were divided into two groups. The PT group (N = 12) completed a 5-d.wk-1, 10-wk, aerobi...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199601000-00009
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied gastric and intestinal function by gastric intubation/intestinal perfusion in six healthy male volunteers to evaluate optimal use of a 6% glucose-electrolyte (GES) solution. Gastric volume, residual volume, emptying rate, and secretion were measured for an initial 763 +/- 19 ml gastric load of GES and at th...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199704000-00009
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Despite endorsement by various health organizations, there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of perceptually regulated exercise training (PRET) as a method of exercise intensity prescription. The purpose of this study was to confirm the efficacy of an 8-wk PRET program clamped at RPE13 to improve aerob...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824d266e
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The effect of quantified resistance and high impact exercise training on bone mass as modified by age and oral contraceptive (OCont) use in young women was studied. METHODS:Women were categorized by age (18-23 vs 24-31 yr) and OCont use, and were then randomized into either three sessions of resistance exercis...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005768-200106000-00004
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extracellular vesicles (EV) are purported to mediate type 2 diabetes and CVD risk and development. Physical activity and a balanced diet reduce disease risk, but no study has tested the hypothesis that short-term interval (INT) training would reduce EV compared with continuous (CONT) exercise in adults with ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002185
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine 1) relationships between adult PA at 35 yr and PA as a child, and 2) the influence of enhanced primary school physical education (physed+) and of parental PA upon the long-term tracking of PA in the offspring. METHODS:PA data from the 1970-1977 Trois-Rivieres Growth and Development Study, completed ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000145525.29140.3b
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To test the hypothesis that the initial O2 uptake kinetics during exercise where the rise in blood flow (and, by implication, O2 delivery) to the working muscles during an abrupt increase in exercise intensity is reduced (i.e., arm exercise performed above the level of the heart) would be faster when preceded b...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000159013.20244.f8
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present investigation was conducted to determine whether critical power (CP) assesses the ability to perform continuous aerobic exercise and to determine whether training-induced changes in aerobic endurance are reflected by changes in the slope, but not the y-intercept of the CP function. Twelve healthy, active, ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To optimize endurance cycling performance, it is important to maximize efficiency. Power-measuring cranks and force-sensing pedals can be used to determine the mechanical effectiveness of cycling. From both a coaching and basic science perspective, it is of interest if a mechanically effective pedaling techniqu...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318043a235
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Unilateral strength training strengthens not only the muscles on the trained side but also the homologous muscles on the untrained side; however, the magnitude of this interlimb cross-education is modest. We tested the hypothesis that heightened sensory feedback by mirror viewing the exercising hand would augme...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000871
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of physiological responses, classified as local or central factors, have been suggested as providing the primary input for perception of effort during exercise. The potency of these responses as perceptual cues, however, has seldom been addressed in terms of relevant modifying variables such as exercise inte...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic unimanual motor practice increases the motor output not only in the trained but also in the nonexercised homologous muscle in the opposite limb. We examined the hypothesis that adaptations in motor cortical excitability of the nontrained primary motor cortex (iM1) and in interhemispheric inhibition...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31820a94b8
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Sedentary Sphere is a method for the analysis, identification, and visual presentation of sedentary behaviors from a wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer. PURPOSE:This study aimed to introduce the concept of the Sedentary Sphere and to determine the accuracy of posture classification from wrist acceleromet...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000224
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to measure noninvasively the absolute concentrations of muscle adenosine triphosphate [ATP], phosphocreatine [PCr], inorganic phosphate (Pi), and glycogen [Gly] of elite soccer players. METHODS:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P- and 13C-MRS) was used to measure the concentratio...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199911000-00013
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Physical fitness and physical activity tracking data enhance our understanding as to when children settle into their long-term exercise and fitness patterns and, therefore. provide insight as to when programs focusing on preventing sedentary adults behaviors should be initiated. METHODS:In this paper, the trac...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200007000-00011
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Environmental heat stress degrades aerobic performance; however, little research has focused on performance when the selected task elicits modest elevations in core body temperature (<38.5 degrees C). PURPOSE:To determine the effect of environmental heat stress, with modest hyperthermia, on aerobic performa...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181adb9fb
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on level of agreement between six previously established prediction equations for three commonly used accelerometers to predict summary measures of energy expenditure (EE) in youth. METHODS:One hundred and thirty-one youth between ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318267b8f1
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We examined the effect of electric fan use on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses of nine young (26 ± 3 yr) and nine aged (68 ± 4 yr) adults exposed to extreme heat and humidity. METHODS:While resting at a temperature of 42°C, relative humidity increased from 30% to 70% in 2% increments every 5 min. ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001348
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on hypertension (HTN) are well known; however, the association between muscular strength and incidence of HTN has yet to be examined. PURPOSE:This study evaluated the strength-HTN association with and without accounting for CRF. METHODS:Participants...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b2f0a4
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Aerobic exercise training has been shown to improve CRP; however, there are limited data evaluating the effect of other exercise training modalities (aerobic, resistance, or combination trai...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824526cc
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The effects of chronic exercise training on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) in skeletal muscle of senescent animals are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic exercise training on skeletal muscle HSP expression in both young and old rats. METHODS:Youn...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200105000-00008
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We sought to determine how a stationary activity such as playing a stringed instrument may affect energy expenditure (EE) in adolescents. Using automated indirect calorimetry, we measured EE in eight adolescents (1 male, 7 females, 14.2 +/- 2.1 yr) while they each performed the following activities: watching televisio...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:Cycling is associated with a reproducible systolic anterograde and diastolic retrograde flow pattern in the brachial artery (BA) of the inactive upper limb, which results in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of different types and intensities...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181923957
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The papers in this supplement to Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise seek to summarize our knowledge of the dose-response relationship of exercise with a variety of health outcomes. This type of rigorous evidence summation has become quite popular in the past 10 years as health care providers and policymakers ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00004
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Machine learning classification models for accelerometer data are potentially more accurate methods to measure physical activity in young children than traditional cut point methods. However, existing algorithms have been trained on laboratory-based activity trials, and their performance has not been investigated unde...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002221
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In large epidemiologic studies, physical activity (PA) is often assessed using PA questionnaires (PAQ). Because available PAQ may not capture the full range of PA in which urban Chinese adults engage, a PAQ was developed for this purpose. We examined the validity of this PAQ and the 1-yr stability of PA in 545 ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e1fcd5
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is increased in older endurance-trained men, yet the reflex sympathetic forearm vasoconstrictor response to graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) diminishes with age. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of aerobic exercise capacity on this altered neur...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822a68a5
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00