Abstract:
:Inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by exogenous insulin has been demonstrated in pancreatic islets to be associated with a decrease of the NADPH/NADP ratio and the pentose-phosphate cycle activity. Batches of five islets were incubated for 15 and 90 minutes in 1 ml. of KRB buffer with 2 per cent albumin containing 3 mg./ml. glucose and 0, 200, 400, or 800 microU./ml. of rat insulin, and the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and 6-phosphogluconate (6PG) contents were determined by enzymatic cycling. In response to a rise in the concentration of insulin, the 6PG/G6P ratio decreased. A close relationship was observed between this decrease of 6PG/G6P ratio and the net insulin release, the absolute rate of glucose oxidation via the pentose phosphate cycle, and the NADPH/NADP ratios measured under similar conditions. The results suggest that exogenous insulin, directly or indirectly, regulates the pentose cycle activity in the pancreatic islets at the G6P dehydrogenase step.
journal_name
Diabetesjournal_title
Diabetesauthors
Akhtar MS,Verspohl E,Hegner D,Ammon HPdoi
10.2337/diab.26.9.857subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-09-01 00:00:00pages
857-63issue
9eissn
0012-1797issn
1939-327Xjournal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
DIABETES文献大全abstract::To investigate the effects of insulin on platelets in obesity and in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)--classic insulin-resistant states--we determined ADP-induced platelet aggregation and platelet cGMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate) content in platelet-rich plasma obtained from nine obese subjec...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.44.11.1318
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) or amylin is a newly identified 37-amino acid COOH-terminal-amidated polypeptide that is the major protein constituent of amyloid deposits in insulinomas and amyloid deposits in pancreatic islets of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetic humans and adult diabetic cats. IAPP is stored...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2337/diab.40.3.310
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose tolerance depends on a complex interaction among insulin secretion from the beta-cells, clearance of the hormone, and the actions of insulin to accelerate glucose disappearance and inhibit endogenous glucose production. An additional factor, less well recognized, is the ability of glucose per se, independent o...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO), one of a family of fatty acid oxidoreductase enzymes, reacts with polyenoic fatty acids to produce proinflammatory lipids. 12/15-LO is expressed in macrophages and pancreatic beta-cells. It enhances interleukin 12 production by macrophages, and several of its products induce apo...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db07-0830
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both pancreatic volume reduction and lipomatosis have been observed in subjects with diabetes. The underlying molecular and pathological mechanisms are, however, poorly known, and it has been speculated that both features are secondary to diabetes. We have recently described pancreatic atrophy and lipomatosis in diabe...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db06-0859
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells depends critically on the activities of their plasma membrane ion channels. ATP-sensitive K+ channels (K(ATP) channels) are present in many cells and regulate a variety of cellular functions by coupling cell metabolism with membrane potential. The activity...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.3.311
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) mice have reduced brain concentrations of tryptophan, a precursor substance for 5-hydroxytryptamine, and show lengthened immobility in Porsolt's swim test, a putative animal model of depression. This study investigated whether tryptophan affects behavior in Porsolt's swim test in ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.12.1598
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Islet transplantation is a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes, but the shortage of donor organs limits its routine application. As potential donor animals, we generated transgenic pigs expressing LEA29Y, a high-affinity variant of the T-cell costimulation inhibitor CTLA-4Ig, under the control of the porcine insul...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db11-1325
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]-glucose, in the presence and absence of insulin, was measured in adipocytes from normal and streptozotocin-diabetic animals, over a wide temperature range (25-45 degrees C). Optimum temperatures for uptake in the presence of maximally stimulating insulin concentrations occurred near phy...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.33.3.258
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 protein expression is markedly reduced in many insulin-resistant states, although the mechanism for this downregulation is unclear. In this study, we have investigated the early events in the insulin pathway that trigger the degradation of IRS-1. Incubation of the adipocytes with ins...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.1.24
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insulin resistance syndrome is characterized by several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Chronic chemical activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by the adenosine analog 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta -D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) has been shown to augment insulin action, upregulate mitochondrial enz...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2199
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::NADPH facilitates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic islets (PIs) of β-cells through an as yet unknown mechanism. We found NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4) to be the main producer of cytosolic H2O2, which is essential for GSIS; an increase in ATP alone was insufficient for GSIS. The fast GSIS phas...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db19-1130
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Misregulated hormone secretion from the islet of Langerhans is central to the pathophysiology of diabetes. Although insulin plays a key role in glucose regulation, the importance of glucagon is increasingly acknowledged. However, the mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion from α-cells are still unclear. We used p...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db16-1291
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity and family history of diabetes are both risk factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but it has been proposed that lean individuals with NIDDM have a greater load of diabetes susceptibility genes. If this is the case, one might expect a high prevalence of NIDDM in relatives of diabetic ind...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.44.4.418
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::African Americans are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes and many diabetes complications. We have carried out a genome-wide scan for African American type 2 diabetes using 638 affected sibling pairs (ASPs) from 247 families ascertained through impaired renal function to identify type 2 diabetes loci in this high-ris...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.3.830
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the hypothesis that imprinted genes may affect the propensity to type 2 diabetes and obesity in Pima Indians. Multipoint variance component methods were used to assess linkage of BMI (kg/m(2)) and age-adjusted diabetes to loci derived from either father (LOD(FA)) or mother (LOD(MO)) in a genome-wide scan. ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.12.2850
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is increasing, yet despite the necessity of maintaining muscle mass and function with age, the effect of obesity on muscle protein turnover in older adults remains unknown. Eleven obese (BMI 31.9 ± 1.1 kg · m(-2)) and 15 healthy-weight (BMI 23.4 ± 0.3 kg · m(-2)) older men (55-75 years old) participated in a s...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db15-0021
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP), now known as G6PC2, is a major target of autoreactive T cells implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in both mice and humans. This study aimed to determine whether suppression of G6p2 gene expression might therefore prev...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db11-0220
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diet-induced obesity is the primary determinant of the current epidemic of diabetes. We have explored the role of genetics in this phenomenon, using C57Bl/6 (B6), 129S6/SvEvTac (129), and intercross (B6 x 129)F2 mice on a low- or high-fat diet. Over an 18-week period, B6 and F2 mice gained more weight, had higher leve...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.12.3274
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proposed that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms sensitive to the pyridinylimidazole compounds SB 203580 and SB 202190 may participate in the acute insulin-dependent activation of glucose transporters recruited to the plasma membrane of adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Here, we explore whe...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.11.3161
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the obesity-related decrement in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in primary human skeletal muscle cells (HSkMC) is linked with lower mitochondrial content and whether this deficit could be corrected via overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db09-1704
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin and exercise stimulate glucose uptake into skeletal muscle via different pathways. Both stimuli converge on the translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. Two Rab guanosine triphosphatases-activating proteins (GAPs) have been implicated in this process: AS16...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db13-1489
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The onset of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes is predictable before hyperglycemia by the presence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) and competitive insulin autoantibodies (CIAAs). CIAA+ICA+ first-degree relatives of individuals with type I diabetes have increased numbers of CD4 cells bearing the CD45R antigen and...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.5.590
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of muscarinic receptors in rat islets, RINm5F cells, and INS-1 cells was established by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantified by RNase protection. Both methods indicated that m3 and m1 receptors were expressed approximately equally in the various cellular preparations and t...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.3.392
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inadequate beta-cell function is an essential component of all forms of diabetes. The most obvious problem is a failure to maintain sufficient beta-cell mass and function to cope with whatever insulin resistance is present. The most striking functional defect is a loss of acute glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS)...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.2007.s154
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary methionine restriction (MR) produces a rapid and persistent remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT), an increase in energy expenditure (EE), and enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Recent work established that hepatic expression of FGF21 is robustly increased by MR. Fgf21-/- mice were used to test whether FGF...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db16-1212
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperinsulinemia is commonly associated with obesity, but it has not been determined which defect comes first. Some have proposed that hyperinsulinemia may precede obesity in populations prone to NIDDM, such as Pima Indians or Pacific Islanders. In contrast, longitudinal studies in adults show that insulin sensitivity...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.46.8.1341
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 1 diabetes results from chronic autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells within pancreatic islets. Although insulin is a critical self-antigen in animal models of autoimmune diabetes, due to extremely limited access to pancreas samples, little is known about human antigenic targets for islet-infiltrati...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db16-1025
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proinsulin is converted to insulin by the concerted action of two sequence-specific subtilisin-like proteases termed prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) and prohormone convertase 3 (PC3). PC3 is a type I proinsulin-processing enzyme that initiates the sequential processing of proinsulin to insulin by cleaving the proinsulin...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.45.7.897
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We recently showed that leptin has powerful central nervous system (CNS)-mediated antidiabetic and cardiovascular actions. This study tested whether the CNS melanocortin system mediates these actions of leptin in diabetic rats. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:A cannula was placed in the lateral ventricle of Spra...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/db08-1221
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00