What do case-control studies estimate? Survey of methods and assumptions in published case-control research.

abstract：:Since June 1982, the Wisconsin Chronic Renal Disease Program has provided reimbursement for hepatitis B virus vaccine and pre- and postvaccine serologic testing for patients and staff in all Wisconsin renal dialysis centers. Between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1984, 444 dialysis patients in 22 renal dialysis centers and...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Steketee RW,Ziarnik ME,Davis JP

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structured life course modeling approach (SLCMA) is a theory-driven analytic method that empirically compares multiple prespecified life course hypotheses characterizing time-dependent exposure-outcome relationships to determine which theory best fits the observed data. In this study, we performed simulations and ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Zhu Y,Simpkin AJ,Suderman MJ,Lussier AA,Walton E,Dunn EC,Smith ADAC

更新日期：2020-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of marital status and change in marital status on mortality among middle-aged British men were examined in a prospective cohort study, the British Regional Heart Study. This is a nationally representative cohort of men selected at random from general medical practices in 24 towns in England, Wales, and Sco...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ebrahim S,Wannamethee G,McCallum A,Walker M,Shaper AG

更新日期：1995-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers were monitored for five years with samples from 79 keratoconjunctivitis patients with type 8 adenovirus (AV-8) infection. Geometric mean antibody titers declined from 1:161 at the peak of the epidemic to 1:56 after five years. Computerized analysis of the decline ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hierholzer JC,Sprague JB

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From March to July of 2011, the authors investigated the prospective association between illicit drug use and cognitive functioning during the midadult years. A total of 8,992 participants who were surveyed at 42 years of age in the National Child Development Study (1999-2000) were included. The authors analyzed data ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Dregan A,Gulliford MC

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method for estimating the causal relationship between an exposure and an outcome using a genetic factor as an instrumental variable (IV) for the exposure. In the traditional MR setting, data on the IV, exposure, and outcome are available for all participants. However, obtaining comple...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Pierce BL,Burgess S

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent article by Little et al. (Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:544-54) reported that infants in Seattle, Washington, who were breastfed by mothers who smoked gained more weight than either infants who were breastfed by mothers who did not smoke or infants who were bottle-fed by mothers who smoked. In this study, the autho...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Boshuizen HC,Verkerk PH,Reerink JD,Herngreen WP,Zaadstra BM,Verloove-Vanhorick SP

更新日期：1998-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza epidemics exhibit a strongly seasonal pattern, with winter peaks that occur with similar timing across temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. This synchrony could be influenced by population movements, environmental factors, host immunity, and viral characteristics. The historical isolation of Iceland a...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Weinberger DM,Krause TG,Mølbak K,Cliff A,Briem H,Viboud C,Gottfredsson M

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparison between prescriber records and patient-reported oral contraceptive histories obtained during a case-control study of thromboembolism and oral contraceptive use served as the basis for evaluating the extent of agreement between these two sources of information. Agreement between oral contraceptive user and...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Stolley PD,Tonascia JA,Sartwell PE,Tockman MS,Tonascia S,Rutledge A,Schinnar R

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Menstrual cycle characteristics may reflect underlying endocrine patterns that influence the risk of breast cancer. Most previous studies of menstrual function and breast cancer risk have used retrospective reports of menstrual bleeding, which may be unreliable. To examine this association, the authors conducted a mai...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Whelan EA,Sandler DP,Root JL,Smith KR,Weinberg CR

更新日期：1994-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:For the first wave of pandemic influenza or a bioterrorist influenza attack, antiviral agents would be one of the few options to contain the epidemic in the United States until adequate supplies of vaccine were available. The authors use stochastic epidemic simulations to investigate the effectiveness of targeted anti...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Longini IM Jr,Halloran ME,Nizam A,Yang Y

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The preterm delivery rate in North Carolina is consistently higher than the national average. However, recent reports suggest that singleton preterm delivery rates for non-Hispanic Whites are increasing while those for non-Hispanic African Americans are decreasing. To study this pattern further, the authors examined d...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Vahratian A,Buekens P,Bennett TA,Meyer RE,Kogan MD,Yu SM

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A common-source epidemic of hepatitis A occurred in an Athenian institution boarding 38 children (mean age 4.8 years). All children were examined, and blood was drawn from each at the onset of the study and repeatedly during the next three months. Only one child (2.6%) was initially immune to hepatitis A virus as a re...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Tassopoulos NC,Roumeliotou-Karayannis A,Sakka M,Ticehurst J,Mihalik K,Stephanou T,Purcell RH,Papaevangelou G

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined interactions between lifestyle factors and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D-GR), captured by genetic risk score (GRS) and family history (FH). Our initial study cohort included 20,524 European-ancestry participants, of whom 1,897 developed incident T2D, in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2016), Nurses' ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ding M,Ahmad S,Qi L,Hu Y,Bhupathiraju SN,Guasch-Ferré M,Jensen MK,Chavarro JE,Ridker PM,Willett WC,Chasman DI,Hu FB,Kraft P

更新日期：2020-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:If interviewers' personal habits or attitudes influence respondents' answers to given questions, this may lead to bias, which should be taken into consideration when analyzing data. The authors examined a potential interviewer effect in a study of pregnant women in which exposure data were obtained through computer-as...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Nybo Andersen AM,Olsen J

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age at menarche, an early determinant of breast cancer risk, shows both a downward secular trend and marked differences by socioeconomic status, both presumably the reflection of dietary variations. A cohort study is being conducted in the Quebec City, Canada, area to assess the relation between diet, physical activit...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Moisan J,Meyer F,Gingras S

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single patient isolation of adults to prevent spread of infection was studied in five high occupancy community hospitals. The acceptable standard was a guideline for isolation in hospitals, published by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Overusage of single patient isolation was found to vary between 4% and 96% of ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hyams PJ,Ehrenkranz NJ

更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors examined the impact of cumulative neighborhood risk of psychosocial stress on allostatic load (AL) among adolescents as a mechanism through which life stress, including neighborhood conditions, may affect health and health inequities. They conducted multilevel analyses, weighted for sampling and propensity...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Theall KP,Drury SS,Shirtcliff EA

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Population-based and proportional odds ratios for various cancers, based on incidence data from 1974-1977 and mortality data from 1965-1975 for western Washington State, were calculated in relation to three measures of exposure to asbestos in community water supplies. Six odds ratios were calculated for each neoplasm ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Polissar L,Severson RK,Boatman ES,Thomas DB

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three diverse samples of men and women aged 35-64 years living in urban Poland, rural Poland, and the United States, are described and subsequently analyzed by multiple regression methods. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the natural logarith...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Sznajd J,Rywik S,Furberg B,Pajak A,Kurjata P,Williams OD,Sznajderman-Ciswicka M,Misiowiec P,Irving SH,Baczynska E

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the validity of self-reported delivery weight among 3,518 respondents to the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Self-reported delivery weight was ascertained from a mail survey administered during the postpartum period. Measured delivery weight was obtained by abstraction of medical r...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Schieve LA,Perry GS,Cogswell ME,Scanion KS,Rosenberg D,Carmichael S,Ferre C

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the natural history of weight change in the years prior to death among older persons and to examine how this pattern varies according to longevity and cause of death. Weight trajectories were analyzed by using data from 800 male decedents from the Baltimore Longitudinal...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Alley DE,Metter EJ,Griswold ME,Harris TB,Simonsick EM,Longo DL,Ferrucci L

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The problem of recall bias when reporting breast feeding duration is investigated. Data are presented from the follow-up of over 1,000 children from a birth cohort (1982) in southern Brazil, when they were on average 11, 23, and 47 months of age. Compared with the response given at 11 months of age, 24% of mothers mis...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Huttly SR,Barros FC,Victora CG,Beria JU,Vaughan JP

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Religion and spirituality are important social determinants that drive public health practice. The field of epidemiology has played a vital role in answering long-standing questions about whether religion is causally associated with health and mortality. As epidemiologists spark new conversations (e.g., see Kawachi (A...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ransome Y

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A population-based case-control study was conducted from 1985 to 1989 in western Washington State to assess the relation between nutrients and the incidence of colon cancer in men and women aged 30-62. A food frequency questionnaire was used to document the usual diet 7 years before diagnosis for 424 cases and at a si...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Meyer F,White E

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1970-1979, the incidence of human leptospirosis in Israel was 0.7 per 100,000 population. The majority of the cases (62%) occurred in northeastern Israel (Upper Galilee). Prior to 1973 the main infecting serotypes were grippotyphosa (41%) and Hebdomadis szwajizak (31%). Following the first outbreak of Hebdomadis ha...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Shenberg E,Gerichter CB,Lindenbaum I

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the role of nutrition in the association of birth size and childhood growth with development of cardiovascular disease, the authors in 2002-2004 surveyed 665 men and 790 women aged 25-42 years who had been exposed as children to a community-randomized nutrition supplementation intervention in four villages in...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Stein AD,Wang M,Ramirez-Zea M,Flores R,Grajeda R,Melgar P,Ramakrishnan U,Martorell R

更新日期：2006-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that smoking does not influence risk of cardiovascular diseases in populations with low serum cholesterol levels. To determine whether cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor among men with low levels of serum cholesterol, data on 25-year coronary, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Blanco-Cedres L,Daviglus ML,Garside DB,Liu K,Pirzada A,Stamler J,Greenland P

更新日期：2002-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical activity tends to decline from childhood into adulthood. Maintaining high levels of physical activity throughout life is therefore an important public health objective. Relatively little is known about changes in physical activity behavior over the life course, the domains of physical activity in which they o...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Corder K,Ogilvie D,van Sluijs EM

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the results of cohort studies on the association between alcohol and breast cancer are rather consistent, the current evidence is based solely on North American cohorts. Therefore, this association was evaluated in the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer, conducted since 1986 among 62,573 women aged 5...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： van den Brandt PA,Goldbohm RA,van 't Veer P

更新日期：1995-05-15 00:00:00