Abstract:
:A common-source epidemic of hepatitis A occurred in an Athenian institution boarding 38 children (mean age 4.8 years). All children were examined, and blood was drawn from each at the onset of the study and repeatedly during the next three months. Only one child (2.6%) was initially immune to hepatitis A virus as a result of prior infection. The attack rate (62.2%) and the ratio of icteric to anicteric cases (1:1.3) were high despite the administration of immunoglobulin (IG). Assays for anti-HAV IgM and a rising titer of anti-HAV IgG identified 19 (82.6%) and 22 (95.7%) of the 23 hepatitis A infections, respectively. One case (4.3%) was detected only by the presence of hepatitis A virus antigen and hepatitis A virus RNA in a fecal specimen, but these assays were otherwise marginally useful in this study. Nevertheless, the use of all available tests for the detection of hepatitis A virus is mandatory for the most accurate estimation of an epidemic of hepatitis A. Prompt administration of immunoglobulin had no effect on the number of clinical cases that were in the late incubation period, but it may have diminished the clinical expression of the infection and thus made diagnosis of infection more difficult.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Tassopoulos NC,Roumeliotou-Karayannis A,Sakka M,Ticehurst J,Mihalik K,Stephanou T,Purcell RH,Papaevangelou Gdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114530subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-02-01 00:00:00pages
302-7issue
2eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
125pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Left-truncated and interval-censored data, termed dynamic cohort data, arise in longitudinal studies with rolling admissions and only occasional follow-up. The authors compared four approaches for analyzing such data: a constant hazard model; maximum likelihood estimation with flexible parametric models; the midpoint ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/154.4.366
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Current abstainers from alcohol have been identified as an inadequate reference group in epidemiologic studies of the effects of alcohol, because inclusion of former drinkers might lead to overestimation of the protective effects and underestimation of the detrimental effects of drinking alcohol. The authors' objectiv...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq364
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiences of discrimination are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes; however, it is unknown whether discrimination is related to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We investigated the associations of major experiences of discrimination (unfair treatment in 6 situations) and everyday ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx047
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The true number of industrial accidents followed by absence from work in the Netherlands in 1993 has been estimated by using a capture-recapture approach. A government safety register noted 29,685 cases reported by Dutch companies. The statutory organization that insures employees of the same companies against absence...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009622
更新日期:1998-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Random digit dialing is commonly used to select controls for epidemiologic studies. The traditional method of random digit dialing entails screening households to obtain a pool of eligible subjects and then selecting a random sample to serve as controls. Two random digit dialing methods are described in which househol...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114869
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, the authors investigated the role of the intrauterine environment in childhood adiposity by comparing the maternal-offspring body mass index (BMI) association with the paternal-offspring BMI association when the offspring were 3 years of age, using parental prepregnancy BMI (measured as weight in...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws134
更新日期:2012-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach (APHEA) project is a coordinated study of the short-term effects of air pollution on mortality and hospital admissions using data from 15 European cities, with a wide range of geographic, sociodemographic, climatic, and air quality patterns. The objective of this paper...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009249
更新日期:1997-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The author evaluated the validity of four historically based variables collected on Georgia birth certificates: outcome of preceding pregnancy, history of delivery of a low- (<2,500 g) or high- (>4,000 g) birth-weight infant, and death of the baby resulting from the preceding pregnancy. Data were derived from birth an...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/154.10.883
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Pitt County Study is a longitudinal investigation of anthropometric, psychosocial, and behavioral predictors of hypertension in African Americans who were aged 25-50 years at baseline in 1988. At baseline, a strong dose-response gradient was observed for alcohol consumption and blood pressure for both sexes. The c...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009348
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human brucellosis in Florida is documented for the 47-year period 1928-1975. Of the 936 cases reported in 1930-1975, more than half (505) occurred in the decade 1940-1949. The incidence declined rapidly to an average rate of five cases per year, although there was an increase in 1974 and 1975. The analysis is mainly c...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112380
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A community sample made in the fall of 1972 in Durham County, North Carolina, and that consisted of 331 persons 65 years of age and older was assessed for adequacy of social support along three parameters: roles and available attachments, perceived social support, and frequency of social interaction. This approach to ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113351
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors tested, by molecular hybridization, for hepatitis B virus DNA in serum specimens of 182 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Greek carriers who were heterosexual partners of patients with acute hepatitis B (group A: 96 cases) or healthy subjects who were susceptible to hepatitis B (group B: 86 ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114698
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary clinical databases are an important and growing source of data for comparative effectiveness research (CER) studies. However, measurement of confounders, such as biomarker values or patient-reported health status, in secondary clinical databases may not align with the initiation of a new treatment. In many p...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww136
更新日期:2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::In a case-control study of childhood leukemia in relation to exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF), 399 children resident in five Canadian provinces who were diagnosed at ages 0-14 years between 1990 and 1994 (June 1995 in British Columbia and Quebec) were enrolled, along with 399 controls. Ex...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009899
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Difficulties inherent in the identification of immune correlates of protection or severe disease have challenged the development and evaluation of dengue vaccines. There persist substantial gaps in knowledge about the complex effects of age and sequential dengue virus (DENV) exposures on these correlations. To address...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa008
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than half of the US population has received the smallpox vaccine, but it is unknown what fraction is still protected against infection and disease. Residual protection and age-dependent case-fatality ratios have therefore been widely neglected in the current bioterrorism debate. The author analyzed 1902-1903 data...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg225
更新日期:2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms are subject to misclassification. If ignored, such misclassification can seriously distort the estimated genotype effects on the disease or outcome of interest. Validation data (gold standard or replicated surrogates) are required to assess the degree of misclassification a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp243
更新日期:2009-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::This population-based case-referent study investigated the lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to asbestos, focusing on dose-response relations and the interaction with tobacco smoking. Incident cases of lung cancer among males aged 40-75 years in Stockholm County, Sweden, were identified from 1985 ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/155.11.1016
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined claims-based approaches for identifying a study population free of coronary heart disease (CHD) using data from 8,937 US blacks and whites enrolled during 2003-2007 in a prospective cohort study linked to Medicare claims. Our goal was to minimize the percentage of persons at study entry with self-reported ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv116
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cumulative incidence has been widely used to estimate the cumulative probability of developing an event of interest by a given time, in the presence of competing risks. When it is of interest to measure the total burden of recurrent events in a population, however, the cumulative incidence method is not appropriate be...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu289
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Associations of gaseous air pollutants (including carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone) with asthma hospitalization, stratified by sex and socioeconomic status, were examined among children 6-12 years of age in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, between 1987 and 1998. Relative risks for an ex...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh043
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analgesic use may reduce ovarian cancer risk, possibly through antiinflammatory or antigonadotropic effects. The authors conducted a population-based, case-control study in Washington State that included 812 women aged 35-74 years who were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer between 2002 and 2005 and 1,313 contro...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn082
更新日期:2008-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The relation of reproductive factors to risk of myocardial infarction in women aged 45-69 years was examined in a case-control interview study carried out in Massachusetts from 1986 to 1990. Each of 858 cases of first myocardial infarction was age-matched with a control from the same precinct of residence. Conditional...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116513
更新日期:1992-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors investigated the association between age at menarche and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among 101,415 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) aged 34-59 years (1980-2006) and 100,547 women from Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) aged 26-46 years (1991-2005). During 2,430,274 and 1,373,875 person-y...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp372
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The knowledge of leprosy epidemiology is still extremely limited as to basic epidemiologic characteristics. Only the infectious agent and the reservoir of infection have been firmly established. It is all the more surprising that very few studies of analytical leprosy epidemiology are reported in the literature. In or...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114012
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies have examined the role of endogenous sex hormones in breast cancer, and to the authors' knowledge, only two have done so prospectively. The authors report here the results of a prospective study based on an available bank of previously analyzed plasma collected in 1972-1974 from 442 women aged 50-79 years ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116228
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immigration from high prevalence areas may contribute to an increased risk of tuberculosis in Europe. This study aimed at quantifying transmission of tuberculosis between and within nationalities among residents of the Netherlands. DNA "fingerprints," on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism using mark...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009433
更新日期:1998-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Normal renal function is essential for vitamin D metabolism, but it is unclear whether circulating vitamin D is associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We assessed whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) was associated with risk of RCC and death after RCC diagnosis in the European Prospective Investigation...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu204
更新日期:2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Prior reports regarding the association between physical activity and subclinical cardiovascular disease have not been consistent. The authors assessed physical activity and walking pace via questionnaire among 6,482 US adults aged 45-84 years without prior clinical cardiovascular disease participating in the Multi-Et...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn350
更新日期:2009-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors hypothesized that genetic predisposition to diabetes complications would be more evident among low-risk individuals and aimed to identify genes related to developing complications (confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy, overt nephropathy, or coronary artery disease) in low-risk groups. Participants in ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj287
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00