Abstract:
:Immigration from high prevalence areas may contribute to an increased risk of tuberculosis in Europe. This study aimed at quantifying transmission of tuberculosis between and within nationalities among residents of the Netherlands. DNA "fingerprints," on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism using marker IS6110, were made of all Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the Netherlands from January 1993 through June 1995. Clusters were defined as groups of patients that had isolates with identical fingerprints. It was assumed that the probability of a patient being the source of a cluster was proportional to the incidence rate of potential sources times the probability that a potential source would give rise to a cluster. The transmission index was defined as the average number of secondary cases of infectious tuberculosis caused directly or indirectly through recent transmission by a single potential source case and was used to estimate the effective reproductive rate associated with recent transmission, ReFAST. Among a total of 623 Dutch tuberculosis cases, 17% (95% confidence interval 9-25%) of cases were attributable to recent transmission from a non-Dutch source. The transmission index varied strongly by nationality, and was highest among the Surinamese (1.3), Moroccan (0.8), and Turkish (0.8) populations; ReFAST was 0.26. Aggregation of tuberculosis cases of given nationalities within clusters was most pronounced among recent immigrants from Somalia and (ex-)Yugoslavia. The authors conclude that differences in transmission between subpopulations can be quantified and may be used to evaluate and direct tuberculosis control.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Borgdorff MW,Nagelkerke N,van Soolingen D,de Haas PE,Veen J,van Embden JDdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009433subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-15 00:00:00pages
187-95issue
2eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
147pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The authors assessed the association between asthma prevalence and socioeconomic status at both the individual and center levels simultaneously.by using data from 32 centers in 15 countries. Included were 10,971 subjects aged 20-44 years selected from the general population and interviewed in 1991-1992. Socioeconomic ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh186
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and all-cause mortality in older adults, we examined these associations using data from the Leisure World Cohort Study, a prospective study of residents of the Leisure World retirement community in Laguna Hills, California. In the early 1980s, participants ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu294
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors investigated variations in cognitive ability by gestational age among 13,824 children at age 6.5 years who were born at term with normal weight, using data from a prospective cohort recruited in 1996-1997 in Belarus. The mean differences in the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence were examined by g...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp413
更新日期:2010-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence rate for acute traumatic spinal cord injury in Olmsted County, Minnesota, for 1935-1981, standardizing for age, sex, and calendar year, was 54.8 per million person-years--83.4 for males and 27.7 for females. Thirty-eight per cent of cases died prior to hospitalization. The annual incidence rate for those...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114058
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the role of food insecurity in the etiology of children's cognitive and mental health problems. Data from a prospective longitudinal study of 1,116 United Kingdom families with twins (sample constructed in 1999-2000) were used to test associations among household food insecurity; income; maternal ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq201
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 165 out of 2636 adults aged 60 years or older (6.3 per cent) in Rancho Bernardo, California, had isolated systolic hypertension with a systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg when studied in 1972-1974. A 6.4-year follow-up of this cohort sho...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113644
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periconceptional intake of folic acid prevents some neural tube defects (NTDs). Other nutrients may also contribute to NTD etiologies; a likely candidate is choline. Similar to folic acid, choline is involved in one-carbon metabolism for methylation of homocysteine to methionine. The authors investigated whether mater...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh187
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Earlier epidemiologic studies have suggested an inverse association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and exposure to histamine(2) (H(2)) blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and antibiotics. Data from the PHARMO database were used to conduct a nested, population-based case-control ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg004
更新日期:2003-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Glioma risk has consistently been inversely associated with allergy history but not with smoking history despite putative biologic plausibility. Data from 855 high-grade glioma cases and 1,160 controls from 4 geographic regions of the United States during 1997-2008 were analyzed for interactions between allergy and sm...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr124
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation of oral contraceptive (OC) use to the risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated among 121,964 US nurses who responded to a mail questionnaire. There were 156 women who reported having been hospitalized for MI before the menopause, and 23 (15%) were OC users at the time of the MI...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112874
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Buccal cells provide a convenient source of DNA for epidemiologic studies. Mouthwash rinses yield a higher quality and quantity of DNA than cytobrushes but are not practical for collection from infants. Although cytobrushes yield sufficient DNA for most genotyping analyses, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) analysis can r...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh171
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cohort study of neonatal mortality (N = 106) in white singleton births (N = 14,486) in Utah for January-June 1975 was conducted. Using membership and activity in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon) as a proxy for parental health practices, i.e., tobacco and alcohol abstinence, differentia...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113438
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This cross-sectional study investigated the relation between intake of caffeine-containing beverages and time to conception in a population of 1,909 married women in New Haven, Connecticut, between May 12, 1980 and March 12, 1982. Women were interviewed shortly after the first prenatal visit regarding the length of ti...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116826
更新日期:1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of acute respiratory illness and infection to chronic bronchitis was investigated in the community of Tecumseh, Michigan. Families were randomly selected for study from among all those in the community and they were followed for periods of one year. Occurrence of acute respiratory illnesses was identi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112508
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that all pregnant women be questioned concerning risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection and that those giving positive responses be serotested. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of those recommended questions among 692 parturient women ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114680
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levels of exposure biomarkers vary among individuals because of differences in both environmental exposure and metabolism. However, the ultimate interest is in providing information about the impact of modifying environmental exposures through regulation or behavior change. Using these levels in studies of pregnancy o...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt314
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A consistent framework has been developed for measuring health disparities and making comparisons across indicators with regard to the public health goals of Healthy People 2010. Disparities are measured as the percent difference from the best group rate, with all indicators being expressed in terms of adverse events....
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm044
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long term recalls of dietary intake are frequently used in case-control studies, but their validity and reliability have not been established. In this study, 91 middle-aged adults (median age, 50 years) who were participants in the Longitudinal Study of Child Health and Development at the Harvard School of Public Heal...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115404
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv193
更新日期:2015-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Larger body size in childhood is correlated with earlier age at menarche; whether birth and infant body size changes are also associated with age at menarche is less clear. The authors contacted female participants enrolled in the New York site of the US National Collaborative Perinatal Project born between 1959 and 1...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Administrative health databases have been used to monitor trends in infective endocarditis hospitalization related to non-prescription injection drug use (IDU) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code algorithms. Because no ICD code for IDU exists, drug dependence and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) have been...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
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abstract::A prospective panel cohort design was used to investigate whether mental disorders common in the general population increase the likelihood of increased cigarette smoking at 12 months follow-up. By 1995, the last year for which data were available, a random sample of 12,057 persons aged 16-75 years residing in private...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality among persons with diabetes mellitus, but the factors that account for this high coronary heart disease mortality remain unclear. In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, conducted from 1982 to 1984, 92 deaths from...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115834
更新日期:1991-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although missing outcome data are an important problem in randomized trials and observational studies, methods to address this issue can be difficult to apply. Using simulated data, the authors compared 3 methods to handle missing outcome data: 1) complete case analysis; 2) single imputation; and 3) multiple imputatio...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr302
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Above-average exposure to electromagnetic fields has been associated with certain nonmalignant medical conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, other neurologic diseases, depressive symptoms, and suicide. The authors conducted a nationwide mortality study in Denmark of 21,236 men employed in utility companies...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009654
更新日期:1998-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The relative weights of empirical facts (data) and assumptions (theory) in causal inference vary across disciplines. Typically, disciplines that ask more complex questions tend to better tolerate a greater role of theory and modeling in causal inference. As epidemiologists move toward increasingly complex questions, M...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu272
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ambient air pollution and temperature have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome and its components-abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose concentration, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia-predict cardiovascula...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential association between sickle cell trait (SCT) and increased arterial stiffness/blood pressure (BP) has not been evaluated in detail despite its association with stroke, sudden death, and renal disease. We performed 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and arterial stiffness measurements in adolescents raised i...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx232
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unbiased estimation of causal parameters from marginal structural models (MSMs) requires a fundamental assumption of no unmeasured confounding. Unfortunately, the time-varying covariates used to obtain inverse probability weights are often error-prone. Although substantial measurement error in important confounders is...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are usually the preferred strategy with which to generate evidence of comparative effectiveness, but conducting an RCT is not always feasible. Though observational studies and RCTs often provide comparable estimates, the questioning of observational analyses has recently intensified b...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr301
更新日期:2012-02-15 00:00:00