Abstract：
:The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that all pregnant women be questioned concerning risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection and that those giving positive responses be serotested. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of those recommended questions among 692 parturient women were determined. A total of 59 currently or previously infected women (hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), or antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) seropositive) were compared with the 633 seronegative women. Among nonwhite women, the sensitivity of a positive response to any one of the recommended questions was 60%. Specificity and positive predictive value were 71% and 19%, respectively. Among white women, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were 56%, 75%, and 11%, respectively. To increase such unacceptably low sensitivity, the authors included two additional questions: single marital status and Medicaid/medical assistance payer status. Sensitivity increased to 96% among nonwhite women and 84% among white women. However, a positive response to at least one of the recommended questions or to additional questions was elicited from 78% of all women (92% nonwhite and 64% white). The authors conclude that to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B, we must serotest all women in our obstetric population.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
McQuillan GM,Townsend TR,Johannes CB,Dillard T,Molteni RA,Ness PM,Niebyl JRdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114680subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-09-01 00:00:00pages
484-91issue
3eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
126pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Factors that influence circulating sex hormones, such as physical activity, have been proposed to influence ovarian cancer risk; however, results from previous epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. The authors examined the association among physical activity, sedentary behavior, and ovarian cancer risk in the ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj098
更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Earlier epidemiologic studies have suggested an inverse association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and exposure to histamine(2) (H(2)) blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and antibiotics. Data from the PHARMO database were used to conduct a nested, population-based case-control ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg004
更新日期：2003-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In the spring of 1986, the authors studied the relation between body mass index and anthropometric indicators of fat distribution to cardiovascular risk factors (serum lipids and blood pressure) in approximately 450 women aged 38 years randomly selected from population registers in five European centers. Waist circumf...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115322
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Case-control studies involving more than two disease and referent categories may be analyzed by means of polychotomous logistic regression, an extension of the usual dichotomous logistic regression model. Although the standard method still may be used to compare the several disease subgroups in pairs, the polychotomou...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114338
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Observational longitudinal research is particularly useful for assessing etiology and prognosis and for providing evidence for clinical decision making. However, there are no structured reporting requirements for studies of this design to assist authors, editors, and readers. The authors developed and tested a checkli...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi042
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The etiology of acute diarrhea (less than or equal to 3 days duration) and persistent diarrhea (greater than or equal to 14 days duration) was determined in Cambodian children under age 5 years in a refugee camp on the Thai-Cambodian border between May and October 1989; potential risk factors associated with persisten...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116321
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Levels of exposure biomarkers vary among individuals because of differences in both environmental exposure and metabolism. However, the ultimate interest is in providing information about the impact of modifying environmental exposures through regulation or behavior change. Using these levels in studies of pregnancy o...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt314
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two families of gorillas, comprising 13 animals, were studied in 1980-1982 for hepatitis virus infections. It was found that 27% of them had evidence of hepatitis B infection, and 23% evidence of hepatitis A infection. The four parents had been born in the wild and all of them had been infected with hepatitis B. The t...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113760
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the 1973 summer season, 27 employees and 35 overnight guests at the North Rim, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, acquired febrile illnesses compatibel with relapsing fever. Sixteen cases were confirmed by finding Borrelia spirochetes in peripheral blood smears or inoculated Swiss mice. Retrospective surveys ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112406
更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a multicenter study, the overall correlation between two variables can be broken down into a within- and a between-group correlation reflecting associations at the individual and aggregate levels, respectively. A random-effects model is used to estimate variance components of nutrition-related variables and the wit...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi242
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship of lead exposure to blood pressure has been examined in a longitudinal study of a cohort of 89 Boston, Massachusetts, policemen. At the baseline examination, subjects had a blood lead determination and three consecutive blood pressure measurements. Triplicate blood pressure measurements were also take...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114309
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identity of the etiologic agent that caused the 1981 epidemic of toxic oil syndrome in Spain has not been established, and toxicologic study of oil specimens from the outbreak has been hampered by uncertainty about which oils were actually capable of causing illness. To identify chemical characteristics associated...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114914
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors assessed body mass index (BMI), measured as Quetelet's index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), in relation to lung cancer risk in never and former smokers by using data from a population-based, individually matched, case-control study conducted in New York State from 1982 to ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/152.6.506
更新日期：2000-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Customized birth weight charts that incorporate maternal characteristics are now being adopted into clinical practice. However, there is controversy surrounding the value of these charts in the prediction of growth and perinatal outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the use of customized charts in predic...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt176
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between psychosocial risk factors and retinal microvascular signs was examined in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Subjects were recruited from Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Los Angeles County, California; New York, New York; and St. Paul, Minnesota. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp414
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic infections and the subsequent immune response have recently been shown to be risk factors for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's Disease and related disorders (ADRD). While some studies have shown an association between cytomegalovirus (CMV), a chronic and highly prevalent infection, and cognition and/or ADRD, ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa238
更新日期：2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Sibling aggregation of blood pressure has been shown in children 2 to 14 years of age. To determine the earliest age at which this finding is detectable, blood pressures were evaluated in 98 siblings from 43 black families with newborns. Variances of blood pressure scores were significantly greater among families than...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112247
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to antibody analysis, approximately two of every three intravenous drug users in Iceland have become infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this study, serum samples from 55 HCV antibody-positive intravenous drug users (39 males and 16 females) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the viral str...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008793
更新日期：1996-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several groups of variola isolates were compared in DNA structure, and by four independent biologic markers. Isolates of variola minor from Europe and South America (alastrim virus) could be distinguished from African isolates of variola minor by DNA structure and by two of the four biologic markers. Taken as a group,...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114255
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study uses 44 consecutive months of data from the Health Care Financing Administration to assess seasonal trends in hip fracture incidence among the United States white population aged 65 years and older. The authors studied a total of 621,387 cases of hip fracture which occurred from January 1984 to September 19...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115819
更新日期：1991-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiologic studies of overdiagnosis are challenged by unclear definitions and the absence of unified measures. This spurs great controversies. Etymologically, overdiagnosis means too much diagnosis and stems from the inability to distinguish what is important from what is not. Accordingly, in order to grasp, measur...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwz148
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent article by Little et al. (Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:544-54) reported that infants in Seattle, Washington, who were breastfed by mothers who smoked gained more weight than either infants who were breastfed by mothers who did not smoke or infants who were bottle-fed by mothers who smoked. In this study, the autho...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009423
更新日期：1998-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of propensity scores to adjust for measured confounding factors has become increasingly popular in cohort studies. However, their use in case-control and case-cohort studies has received little attention. The authors present some theory on the estimation and use of propensity scores in case-control and case-co...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm069
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 1,030 cases with histologically confirmed, incident non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 3,106 controls to assess the impact of recreational physical activity, obesity, and energy intake on NHL risk in Canada from 1994 to 1997. Compared with those for subjects...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi342
更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposures to cadmium, lead, and mercury are associated with adverse health effects, including cardiovascular disease, which may be promoted by lipid peroxidation. The authors examined cadmium, lead, and mercury in relation to plasma levels of F(2)-8α isoprostanes (isoprostane), 9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr375
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent trial showed that universal decolonization in adult intensive care units (ICUs) resulted in greater reductions in all bloodstream infections and clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than either targeted decolonization or screening and isolation. Since regional health-care fa...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kww008
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The random-zero and standard mercury sphygmomanometers are used frequently, and sometimes interchangeably, in epidemiologic studies. To determine whether there is a systematic difference between them, the authors measured systolic, fourth-phase, and fifth-phase diastolic blood pressures using both sphygmomanometers si...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113998
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors investigated the association between maternal preconceptional supplemental and dietary zinc intake and risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in a population-based case-control study conducted between 1989 and 1991 in California. Cases were 430 NTD-affected fetuses/infants, and controls were 429 randomly selec...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010059
更新日期：1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Unlike past breast cancer survival comparisons between Japan and the United States, a recent study in Hawaii showed that Japanese women did not retain their survival advantage over Caucasian women after adjustment was made for stage at diagnosis. To test whether this finding in Hawaii was due to the limited duration o...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114136
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a population-based case-control study carried out in Adelaide, South Australia, during the years 1984-1987, the diets of 104 cases of cancer of the pancreas 1 year prior to diagnosis were compared with the diets of 253 community controls. A quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116069
更新日期：1991-07-15 00:00:00
